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Summer
Summer
Summer
Audiobook6 hours

Summer

Written by Edith Wharton

Narrated by Lyssa Browne

Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

3.5/5

()

About this audiobook

Summer, set in New England, is a novel by Edith Wharton, published in 1917. The novel details the sexual awakening of its protagonist, 18-year-old, Charity Royall, and her cruel treatment by the father of her child. Only moderately well-received when originally published, Summer, has had a resurgence in critical popularity since the 1960s.

Edith Wharton, January 24, 1862-August 11, 1937, was a Pultizer Prize-winning novelist, short story writer, and designer. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927, 1928, and 1930.

Wharton combined her insider's view of America's privileged classes with a brilliant, natural wit to write humorous, incisive novels and short stories of social and psychological insight. She was well acquainted with many of her era's other literary and public figures, including Theodore Roosevelt.

Lyssa Browne started performing in theatre when she was very young. After receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in Theatre and Dance she moved to Seattle where she has performed in many area theatre companies. Lyssa's voice can be heard as many different characters in Nintendo and X-Box games, as well as the narrator of documentaries for the Discovery Channel and others.

Public Domain (P)2014 Lyssa Browne

LanguageEnglish
Release dateOct 26, 2023
ISBN9781593166977
Author

Edith Wharton

Edith Wharton (1862–1937) was an American novelist—the first woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for her novel The Age of Innocence in 1921—as well as a short story writer, playwright, designer, reporter, and poet. Her other works include Ethan Frome, The House of Mirth, and Roman Fever and Other Stories. Born into one of New York’s elite families, she drew upon her knowledge of upper-class aristocracy to realistically portray the lives and morals of the Gilded Age.

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Reviews for Summer

Rating: 3.735632122605364 out of 5 stars
3.5/5

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  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    This is my 3rd Wharton and it is in the middle with Ethan Frome being at the top and The Age of Innocence being at the bottom. This is classic Wharton, high society versus lower social classes; high society courts low society, leaves her in a lurch to marry his own kind. 144 pages
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I'm adding Edith Wharton to the list of historical people I wish I could meet.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Trolling the threads of LT recently I saw a review referencing the "devastating" ending of Edith Wharton's Summer. This compelled me to pull the book from my shelf. I thought I had read it before, but as I read it I had no memory of the characters or events it describes. And devastating, indeed, the ending is.This is the story of Charity Royall, a young woman living in a small country town. When Lucius Harney, an architect from the city, comes to town, she falls in love. This book has been described as Wharton's most sexually explicit novel, and it created a huge scandal when it was published in 1917. We can experience with Charity the joy of her first experiences, but know that at that time and place an educated, sophisticated, wealthy man from the city is not going to marry an uneducated, poor, unsophisticated country girl, no matter how beautiful. And we know, as Wharton shows us time and again, that at that time the options for women were extremely limited--especially for a "tainted" woman.In the Reading Globally Nobel Prize Writers thread, there was a long discussion about the dearth of female literature nobelists (only 13 of 111 literature laureates have been women). Wharton certainly must be counted among the writers the Nobel committee overlooked.Highly recommended.4 1/2 stars
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    A sweet, sad story of a young girl in a small town who gets herself into a bad position and then just has to live with it. Nothing unexpected or surprising, really. Just Wharton's beautiful writing to take you through it. I liked it. But I'm not sure that I'd recommend it, unless you're just a big Wharton fan and want to read all that she's written.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I was the only person in my sophomore English class that enjoyed reading Edith Wharton's "Ethan Frome" so it's no surprise to me that I really enjoyed her novel "Summer" as well all these years later. I find Wharton's characters to be unlikable people that you really want to root for anyway, (and that is a difficult balance to achieve in my experience.)This novel is the story of Charity Royall, who was "brought down the mountain" and raised by a lawyer and his wife. Mrs. Royall dies and her benefactor sets his sights on marrying her. Charity also experiences a sexual awakening when she bumps into Mr. Harney at the local library.While this work was controversial in Wharton's time, it is pretty tame today. I liked the story overall and Charity's growing knowledge of her circumstances was portrayed very well. I wouldn't put this up there with Wharton's best work, but it definitely was a worthwhile read.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Everyone reads Ethan Frome in high school, and nobody reads Summer. I think it's because everyone likes to imagine New England as a cold, wintry place.Charity Royall is the heroine, adopted by a prominent family in a tiny town in the Berkshires from the lawless Mountain. She longs to widen her small world of North Dormer, and gets her wish when a young New York architect shows up and takes an interest in the area's older buildings, and Charity.The way Harney is written is very interesting - he's most attractive to Charity when he's very vulnerable. Wharton has a sneaky way of transposing gender roles, and exploring a space in which women are both powerful, and incredibly powerless.Harney isn't compelling as a romantic lead, unless through Charity's eyes. Although, there is that one scene at Miss Hatchard's. Yeah, you know which one I mean.Marilyn French's Introduction is a capable biography of Wharton and description of her contribution to American letters. If you've only read Ethan Frome, get on the Summer in New England bandwagon!
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    This is my 3rd Wharton and it is in the middle with Ethan Frome being at the top and The Age of Innocence being at the bottom. This is classic Wharton, high society versus lower social classes; high society courts low society, leaves her in a lurch to marry his own kind. 144 pages
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Charity Royall. I loved her, hated her, sympathized with her, and cried for her.

    She's a young woman at age 19, bored with her life in a small New England town. Adopted by Lawyer Royall at a young age, she was saved from a life of poverty on the "mountain". One would think she would have been grateful, but not Charity. She hates Mr. Royall for what she sees as her imprisonment in small town drudgery, and also for his proposal of marriage.

    Enter Lucius Harney, sophisticated man about town; a young architect visiting nearby. Suddenly, Charity's hopes of escaping North Dormer and her new found sexuality awaken.

    Charity learns some ugly life lessons, some sooner rather than later. This novel must have been shocking in 1917 when it was released. A young woman with sexual needs and desires was not something openly discussed in those days, certainly not in small New England towns.

    I have a fondness for Edith Wharton's work. She lived not too far from me, in a home she designed and had built herself. To me, she has always represented a fighter against the rules of society and their effect on women of the day. Unfortunately, the women in her stories often lose their fights. In this case, I choose to view the ending as a victory for Charity. She certainly made out better than poor Lily Bart.

    Recommended for fans of classics and readers that enjoy social commentary disguised as an entertaining tale.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    This book by Edith Wharton is set in New England in the rural area, small town, unlike her novels that are often set in New York. This one reminded me more of her book Ethan Frome. The story is about Charity Royall, a young woman from the mountain raised by the Royals. Its themes include social class, the role of women in society, destructive relationships, sexual awakening. Charity Royall is rather dull person. She has a job at the library but knows nothing of books and sits there making lace which i gather She is not very good at. She is hired to be there a certain amount of hours but thinks nothing of leaving early. I was only impressed with her ability to set limits and boundaries with men but even that was short lived. In the end, Charity does make at least a decision that will ensure a future and safety. Lawyer Royall is the other character and some might say he is the main character. Lawyer Royall went up the mountain and rescued Charity after her father was sent to prison and made the request of Royall that he do so. Lawyer Royall and his wife raised Charity and even though she used his last name, she was never officially adopted. After the death of his wife, Charity remained with Royall. Their relationship is conflicted. The other man, Lucius Harney, really is the weak male who leads on Charity but in the end he fails to take charge. He is an architect who has come to study the buildings in the area and he takes an interest in remodeling the musty library. Both Royal and Charity are merciless to each other in telling the other of their flaws and both don't "fit" well in North Dormer but have chosen to live there.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I enjoyed this short novel by Edith Wharton. The writing is beautiful and evokes the small town, countryside and behaviors of the unsophisticated townsfolk and the renegade Mountain folk living on the fringes of Society. None of the characters are sympathetic, but written so fully you feel you know them well. The protagonist, Charity Royall is by turns ungrateful, petty, naive, impulsive and impressionable. All in all, a very satisfying tale by one of America's best writers.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    The plot of Summer is a story that we are very familiar with. A young lower class girl in a small town falls in love with a visiting wealthy young man, and starts a sexual relationship with him under the assumption that he wants to marry her. But, when she gets pregnant, she realizes that he never intended to marry her. But Wharton tells this story with such unique characters (and a slight plot twist) that it makes this novella an enjoyable read as well as giving you something to ponder about human nature.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Not my favorite Edith Wharton but still...it's Edith Wharton! Can't go wrong.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Everyone reads Ethan Frome in high school, and nobody reads Summer. I think it's because everyone likes to imagine New England as a cold, wintry place.Charity Royall is the heroine, adopted by a prominent family in a tiny town in the Berkshires from the lawless Mountain. She longs to widen her small world of North Dormer, and gets her wish when a young New York architect shows up and takes an interest in the area's older buildings, and Charity.The way Harney is written is very interesting - he's most attractive to Charity when he's very vulnerable. Wharton has a sneaky way of transposing gender roles, and exploring a space in which women are both powerful, and incredibly powerless.Harney isn't compelling as a romantic lead, unless through Charity's eyes. Although, there is that one scene at Miss Hatchard's. Yeah, you know which one I mean.Marilyn French's Introduction is a capable biography of Wharton and description of her contribution to American letters. If you've only read Ethan Frome, get on the Summer in New England bandwagon!
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I wasn't sure what to expect when I read this book - certainly not a romance type novel (kind of). I was expecting more like the "Age of Innocents", with New York Society People, instead, we get a book set in a very poor town in the state of New York. We have Charity Royall - a young woman who yearns for a better life, but due to her circumstances of being uneducated and poor - can't leave. She is the ward of the town lawyer, who Charity is either indifferent to, or outwardly hates. When a young man comes to town, an educated architect, he changes Charity's world. My biggest problem was the characters. There were not likable characters in this book. Charity is annoying - she works at a library, but doesn't try to learn, even thought she doesn't understand the world and knows she is ignorant. The architect is exactly what you would expect - kind, gentle, but will take advantage when given the opportunity. The lawyer, isn't really a good man (although he redeems himself at the end). The story is interesting and well written - but I couldn't get past the annoying characters.I suspect this is one of those books you either love, or hate.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    When she was a young child, Charity Royall was rescued from “the Mountain” by Lawyer Royall, who is now her guardian. Now she’s eighteen, feeling bored in the small town of North Dormer, and itching to spread her wings. When she meets Lucius Harney, an architect from the city who is visiting his cousin, her eyes are opened to possibilities she hasn’t dared dream about. Their mutual attraction garners some unwanted attention and results in gossip that Charity ignores until it is too late. Wharton wrote this circa 1917 when she was living in France. When published, it shocked readers; they were not used to reading about a young woman’s awakening sexuality. I wonder if they would have been so shocked if Wharton had set the novel in France, rather than in the Berkshires. Charity is head-strong and passionate, but also naïve. As frequently happens in Wharton’s novels, the principal characters never come out and say what they mean. They are frequently acting based on assumptions, rather than on a true understanding of the facts. Wharton knew the social makeup of turn-of-the century America, and used her novels to explore the nuances of the “rules” – spoken and unspoken – by which people, especially women, had to live. In this, as in other novels, the social fabric of the community is as much a character as any of the people in it. It’s a slim novel, and a great introduction to Wharton’s writing. I still prefer House of Mirth, but this was an enjoyable read.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    When she was 5-years-old Charity Royall was rescued from a life of poverty with her prostitute mother when a wealthy man became her guardian. Instead of growing up in the mountain community with her mother she is raised in a life of privilege by Lawyer Royall and grows up to be a librarian. When we meet her she is a grown woman just beginning to stretch her wings. After turning down her guardians’ marriage proposal (eww) she is restless and discontent in her life. She soon finds momentary fulfillment in a clandestine relationship. The material is a bit racy for its time period (which makes it tame by today’s standards.) It gives readers a tragic look at an ambitious girl who flouts the societal restraints imposed on her. It felt like a weak precursor to The House of Mirth, though it was published more than a decade later. BOTTOM LINE: For me, the ending was deeply dissatisfying and disappointing. It felt more like a morality lesson for settling down as quickly as possible. I was frustrated that Charity was left with so few options, though I understand that’s a realistic view of the time period.  
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I was told this book was dirty, and ...well, to be fair, I was told it was dirty "for Wharton," which I suppose is true as far as it goes, but still: oblique references to illicit trysts aren't exactly begging for the fap when you fade out after they hold hands. Remind me this though: next time I'm sitting next to a leathery woman from Lowell on the bus and she's all "Hey, what are YOU reading?" and I say "Edith Wharton" and she mishears me and thinks I said "It's for work," and gives me a lecture about reading for work on buses, which apparently is bullshit, not that I disagree, the right response is not "No, Edith Wharton, and it's gonna be cool because I heard it was dirty." You won't really get a disapproving look - I mean, wtf, she's from Lowell, that's probably the nicest thing she's ever heard on a bus - but she will decide that you're now buddies and you might want to see a picture of a cat her friend died red, white and blue for the Superbowl. Because, y'know, the cat is a Pats fan. I'm not kidding about any of this. You know I don't kid. And I guess it's working; we're up 17 - 9 in the third quarter. Dear Boston, the only reason I looked up the score is so I could reference it in this Edith Wharton review I'm writing during the Superbowl; after this I'm gonna go back to reading Nathaniel Hawthorne. I ain't gotta defend my masculinity to the likes of you. Wharton and Hawthorne were both here before the Patriots were so don't go yelling at me about loyalty, yahdood.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I adore Edith Whartons writing and was pleased to finally be reading Summer as I have heard that it is her most controversial, shocking... Unfortunately the biggest disappointment comes from the build, but if I set that aside as I should, and allow the book to stand on it's own merit, it is a good read with interesting conflict, but in no way her best work.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    This story of a New England waif at about the dawn of the Twentieth Century who finds herself under the spell of a charming young man who is engaged to someone else, and who eventually finds herself "in trouble" could be cliché. In fact, Wharton's writing lifts it far above other stories of that ilk.I love her portrayals of the characters. The heroine is no helpless victim. The man she is involved with is not particularly exploiting her. Even her guardian who enters her bedroom once, unbidden, is not especially evil. I'm sure, especially with the extremely thinly veiled reference to abortion, and the underlying sexual themes throughout the book that this was a particularly shocking book in its time. Even more so in light of the fact that the heroine was able to find a kind of redemption after having gone astray.This book confirmed, again, my love for Edith Wharton.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I love character-driven stories. Edith Wharton did not disappoint me in this regard. Her characters were entirely, sometimes even uncomfortably, real. This was a story that you could really see happening, not just some far-fetched plot to drive a book. This corner of Massachusetts was descriptively rendered, from the melancholy small town where Charity lives to the poor mountain dwellings to the gorgeous countryside.She loved the roughness of the dry mountain grass under her palms, the smell of the thyme into which she crushed her face, the fingering of the wind in her hair and through her cotton blouse, and the creak of the larches as they swayed to it.In the end, Charity received what her nature had in store for her. It all happened as it ought. The reading was not easy, but the story was perfectly rendered.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Although I kept in mind that this novel was considered to be quite salacious when it was first published in 1917, I kept asking myself "so where's the beef?" I noticed there was one maybe not-so-chaste kiss, but all the rest was innuendo that went right over my head. The heroine, Charity Royal was taken in as a child, away from her alcoholic, dirt-poor mother by Mr. Royal, a lawyer who's wife has died and left him at the mercy of this beautiful young girl, whom he desperately wants to marry; but she despises him for having made clumsy advances at her on a drunken night. Instead, she falls in love with a young architect and spends all her time with him, when she's not working at her job as a librarian, even though she's uneducated and hates books. Probably with good reason, she holds against Mr. Royal the fact that he's prevented her from continuing her studies so he could keep her close to him. I was unhappy with the narrator Grace Conlin; her fast-paced reading fairly ruined Wharton's beautiful writing, though I did pick up on a beautiful quote:“The long storm was followed by a north-west gale, and when it was over, the hills took on their first umber tints, the sky grew more densely blue, and the big white clouds lay against the hills like snow-banks. The first crisp maple-leaves began to spin across Miss Hatchard’s lawn, and the Virginia creeper on the Memorial splashed the white porch with scarlet. It was a golden triumphant September. Day by day the flame of the Virginia creeper spread to the hillsides in wider waves of carmine and crimson, the larches glowed like the thin yellow halo about a fire, the maples blazed and smouldered, and the black hemlocks turned to indigo against the incandescence of the forest”
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Charity Royall is a charity case who is rescued as a 3-year-old from a gritty mountain clan. She was brought up by a small-town lawyer and his wife who died while Charity was a child. Her schooling was almost nonexistent so it's quite ironic that she becomes the town's part-time librarian. Her only goal is to save money and move away from "a hideous parody of the fatherly old man she had always known." Fate intervenes in the form of a young architect who presents new possibilities in her dreary existence.Set in a remote part of New England, Wharton compares Charity's sexual awakening to the sensuality of nature. Many beautiful passages attest to the likeness of the sun-warmed earth to a young woman in love. But nature can be cruel...and so can life. Whether or not you like Charity as a character, I think her story is one to get caught up in and illustrate a new sense of the idea of home and belonging. I recommend this one for a change of pace from the usual New York City society books by Edith Wharton.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Charity Royall is a beautiful, limited, petulant, and yearning young woman trapped in the New England town of North Dormer, Massachusetts, and literally expiring from boredom. She is the orphaned ward of an elderly lawyer in town who manages to squash plans for her to receive a formal education. That lack of education, coupled with boredom, sets the stage for the sexual tragedy that occurs one summer when she meets the visiting young architect, Lucius Harney. Charity falls in love and gets pregnant simultaneously, and in the backdrop is a gorgeous, sun-drenched, opulent summer in which she plots meetings with Harney. When she gets pregnant, Chiarity's sense that she has no part in Lucius' real life, and her fear of displacement and alienation, throw her into the waiting arms of the lawyer, who has long wished to marry her. As Charity herself is the product of a single mother from the disreputable mountain country surrounding North Dormer, history repeats itself--without benefit of intervening culture or education to refine the powerful urges of sexual desire.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    This was the first Edith Wharton book that I've read. It won't be my last. Written in 1917, it's set in the very small town of North Dormer in New England and looks at the rather dismal life of Charity Royall, a country girl who longs to get out of the country. Into her life walks the handsome and worldly (of course he is) Lucius Harney who she immediately is infatuated with. Wharton doesn't pull any punches in this rather harsh tale of lonely people trying to escape their loneliness. Could make a very good reading group selection.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    As Labor Day approaches, it thought it appropriate to finish the season with a reread of Summer. Years ago, I thought it was a really atypical Wharton, chiefly because of the setting in rural New England and the protagonist who doesn't belong to wildly privileged class that Wharton emerged from. Those observations remain (though Ethan Frome falls into a similar category), but what struck me this time through were a couple of things -- the nature descriptions and a very typical Wharton-theme of the protagonist getting stuck in a dead-end situation from which there is no real escape. Charity Royall is a much more sympathetic protagonist than many of Wharton's characters; she doesn't lust after material possessions -- just wider experience and love. Born on "The Mountain," she is brought down to the small town of North Dormer to be fostered, but not adopted, by lawyer Royall and his wife at the behest of a prisoner that Royall had sent to jail. She is a child of nature* at the end of her adolescence -- her first words in the novel are "I hate everything." When she encounters Lucius Harney, a young visiting architect, in the library where she works, her boredom and lassitude dissolve.Summer must have been a startling novel in 1918. It's steeped in sensuality, much as Kate Chopin's The Awakening is, but this is an adolescent female rite of passage. The consequences of Charity's sexual awakening are predictable, but the conclusion of the novel is intriguingly ambiguous. * "She was blind and insensible to many things, and dimly knew it; but to all that was light and air, perfume and colour, every drop of blood in her responded. She loved the roughness of the dry mountain grass under her palms, the smell of the thyme into which she crushed her face, the fingering of the wind in her hair and through her cotton blouse, and the creak of the larches as they swayed to it."
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Started reading this after visiting Wharton's house in the Berkshires, where this particular story takes place. The plot and descriptions are as simple as the town in which it is set, but Wharton achieves quite a bit of psychological complexity as the novel moves along. Short (for a novel), but satisfying.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Why are women so stupid in this type of book? Erghhh... And it was even written by a woman. I did like the book, but the main character was still an idiot.The scenery is similar to Ethan Frome. It take place in a small town in the northeastern U.S. This time the main character is a woman, Charity Royall. She is miserable in the small town. She does not feel like she belongs. She meets a man that has come to town to sketch old homes in the area. She shows him about the area, and they fall for each other. But, he is out of her league intellectually. Bad things happen, etc.If you like Wharton's other books, you will like this one too. I have read four books by her. She wrote consistently good stories. Everything was well written. She had a good sense of atmosphere.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Tame by today's standards, "Summer," Edith Wharton's most sexually explicit novel, probably shocked more than a few readers when it was first published almost 100 years ago. That it is also one of only two novels Wharton placed in a rural setting makes "Summer" even more unique among her novels. Charity Royall is bored with her little North Dormer community and only works as the town librarian so she can save enough money to escape the life she endures there. She cares little for books and is perfectly willing to allow them to self-destruct on the shelves while she daydreams about a more exciting existence. But, as it turns out, her fate will be forever linked to the little library. Lucius Harney, a young architect, has come to North Dormer to visit his aunt and to study and sketch some of the old homes in the area. When he wanders into the library one day in search of a book about the old houses, Charity is smitten with him and unknowingly sets the course that will alter the rest of her life. It is the start of a relationship that, even though it begins innocently, is best kept from the prying eyes of the town gossips. Charity knows that her guardian, Lawyer Royall, the man who did a better job of raising her before his wife died than after, would never approve the match - and that there are those in town who would relish the opportunity to tell him about it. Secrecy, though, requires privacy, and privacy often leads to a degree of intimacy that results in tragic consequences for the unwed. Only after Harney returns to his life in New York, does Charity realize that she is pregnant - and on her own. As Wharton makes clear, a woman of this period facing Charity's dilemma had few options: illegal abortion, being sent away to have the baby in secrecy, running away in shame, or perhaps the unlikely luck of finding a sympathetic man willing to marry her. Charity moves from desperation to despair when she realizes how limited her choices have become and that the life she was already unhappy with has been forever changed, and that change being for the worse. As she moves from one poor decision to the next, at times risking her very life, one is reminded of how greatly American mores and values have changed in the last five decades. "Summer," even though it was governed by the stricter limits of its time on language and theme, is a memorable portrayal of what it was like for a woman to be "in trouble" during the first half of the 20th century. That it still can have a strong impact on the reader today leaves one wondering why it was not more of a sensation when first published. Edith Wharton fans should not overlook this fine novel. Rated at: 4.0
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Audiobook............I should start by saying that I am a diehard Edith Wharton fan. I was not at all disappointed with this novella. As is common with Wharton, the main character, a young woman, is faced with some of the harsh realities of life. Charity experiences first love and disillusionment, followed by....now here is the question....followed by a good or not so good outcome....you judge for yourself!
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    This is romance gone wrong in the most realistic of ways. I couldn't help feeling, at the end, that though Charity ended up with someone who really loved her - still she lost something undefinable because she gave herself away to the first rush of strong emotion. Like many classic works, this one leaves a feeling of unsettledness.