Oracle Data Guard 11gR2 Administration Beginner's Guide

Table of Contents

Oracle Data Guard 11gR2 Administration Beginner's Guide

Credits

About the Authors

About the Reviewers

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Why Subscribe?

Free Access for Packt account holders

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Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Time for action – heading

What just happened?

Pop quiz – heading

Have a go hero – heading

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Getting Started

What is Data Guard?

Standby database

Physical standby database

Logical standby database

Snapshot standby database

Oracle Data Guard evolution

Version 7.3 – stone age

Version 8i – first age

Version 9i – middle age

Version 10g – new age

Version 11g – modern age

Oracle Data Guard architecture

Data Guard services

Redo transport services

Protection modes

Apply services

Redo Apply (physical standby databases)

Monitoring Redo Apply

Time for action – monitoring Redo Apply

What just happened?

Pop quiz – real-time apply consideration

SQL Apply (logical standby databases)

Role transitions

Switchover

Failover

Fast-start failover

User interfaces for administering Data Guard

SQL*Plus

DGMGRL

Enterprise Manager

Time for action – using interfaces to monitor Data Guard

What just happened?

Data Guard background processes

Other replication solutions and Data Guard

Storage-based replication solutions

GoldenGate and Streams

Summary

2. Configuring the Oracle Data Guard Physical Standby Database

Preconfiguration for Data Guard

Data loss consideration

Network bandwidth consideration

Preparing the primary database

Archive log mode

Time for action – enabling the archive log mode

What just happened?

Force logging

Time for action – enabling force logging

What just happened?

Standby redo logs

Time for action – configuring standby redo logs on primary

What just happened?

Fast recovery area (FRA)

Time for action – enabling FRA

What just happened?

Understanding initialization parameters

DB_NAME

DB_UNIQUE_NAME

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n

LOCATION and SERVICE

VALID_FOR

SYNC and ASYNC

AFFIRM and NOAFFIRM

COMPRESSION

MAX_CONNECTIONS

MAX_FAILURE

REOPEN

NET_TIMEOUT

DELAY

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n

What just happened?

Creating the physical standby database

Standby database related initialization parameters

FAL_SERVER

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

The physical standby database instance

Time for action – starting the physical standby instance and making it ready for the RMAN duplicate

What just happened?

Using RMAN duplicate to create physical standby databases

Time for action – running an RMAN duplicate

What just happened?

Post-installation steps

Verifying the standby database configuration

Time for action – verifying the standby database configuration

What just happened?

Managing Redo Apply

Time for action – starting, stopping, and monitoring MRP

What just happened?

Verifying synchronization between the primary and standby databases

Time for action – verifying synchronization between the primary and standby databases

What just happened?

Time for action – testing real-time apply

What just happened?

Have a go hero – checking the network latency effect on real-time apply

Summary

3. Configuring Oracle Data Guard Logical Standby Database

Logical standby database characteristics

Not everything must be duplicated

Use for reporting at all times

Independent standby database objects

Protecting writes on replicated standby tables

Limitation for specific data types and objects

High availability and disaster recovery considerations

Preparation for the configuration

Time for action – checking for the unsupported data types

What just happened?

Time for action – searching for and fixing any table row uniqueness problem

What just happened?

Creating a logical standby database

Time for action – making a physical standby database environment ready for conversion

What just happened?

Time for action – converting a physical standby database into a logical standby database

What just happened?

Verifying the logical standby database

Time for action – checking the redo transport service status

What just happened?

Time for action – checking the SQL Apply service status

What just happened?

Have a go hero – check the services in a broken configuration

Customization and management in a logical standby database

Selective replication in a logical standby database

Time for action – working with skip rules on a logical standby database

What just happened?

Database Guard settings for the logical standby database

Time for action – changing the Database Guard setting

What just happened?

Disabling database guard for a session

Have a go hero – testing the NONE Database Guard mode

Creating objects on the logical standby database

Creating and re-creating tables

Creating scheduler jobs

Creating materialized views

Time for action – creating objects on the logical standby database

What just happened?

Have a go hero – skip, disable guard, insert, instantiate, and disable skip

Automatic deletion of archived logs

Deletion of the foreign archived logs

Files inside the fast recovery area

Files outside the fast recovery area

Deletion of the local archived logs

Summary

4. Oracle Data Guard Broker

Introduction to Data Guard broker

Data Guard broker features and benefits

Centralized and simple management

Cloud Control integration

Oracle Data Guard and RAC

Role transition with Data Guard broker

Data Guard fast-start failover

Recommendation

Data Guard broker components

Oracle Data Guard broker server-side components

Data Guard Monitor process (DMON)

Configuration file

Oracle Data Guard broker client-side components

DGMGRL utility

Enterprise Manager Cloud Control client

Implementation of Oracle Data Guard broker

Time for action – initial setup of Data Guard broker

What just happened?

Time for action – connecting to Data Guard broker

What just happened?

Time for action – basic monitoring with Data Guard broker

What just happened?

Management with Data Guard broker

Enabling and disabling broker configuration

Time for action – disabling broker configuration

What just happened?

Enabling and disabling a standby database

Time for action – disabling and enabling database

What just happened?

Changing configuration and database properties using broker

Have a go hero – more examples on property changes

Time for action – changing the database name

What just happened?

Changing the state of the database

Have a go hero – more examples on state changes

Troubleshooting Data Guard broker

Data Guard tracing

Most Common Data Guard broker issues

ORA-16797: database is not using a server parameter file

ORA-10458:standby database requires recovery

ORA-16737:the redo transport service for standby database string has an error

ORA-16715:redo transport-related property string of standby database string is inconsistent

ORA-12514:TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

Current listener description

Oracle Data Guard fast-start failover

Time for action – configuring fast-start failover

What just happened?

Troubleshooting observer configuration

Script to stop and start observer

Summary

5. Data Guard Protection Modes

The Maximum Protection mode

The Maximum Performance mode

The Maximum Availability mode

Choosing the correct mode for your requirements

Changing Data Guard protection mode

Time for action – changing the protection mode with SQL*Plus

What just happened?

Time for action – changing the protection mode with Data Guard broker

What just happened?

Have a go hero - protection mode transitions with DGMGRL

Time for action – changing the protection mode with Enterprise Manager Cloud Control

What just happened?

Pop quiz – precautions for primary database availability issue in the Maximum Protection mode

Summary

6. Data Guard Role Transitions

Role transition considerations

Switchover

Performing switchover with a physical standby database using SQL*Plus

Time for action – preliminary tests before performing switchover

What just happened?

Time for action – switchover with a physical standby using SQL*Plus

Performing switchover with a physical standby database using broker

Time for action – switchover with a physical standby using broker

What just happened?

Performing switchover with a physical standby database using EM Cloud Control

Time for action – switchover with a physical standby using EM Cloud Control

Performing switchover with a logical standby database using SQL*Plus

Time for action – switchover with a logical standby database using SQL*Plus

What just happened?

Pop quiz

Performing switchover with a logical standby database using broker

Time for action – switchover with a logical standby using broker

What just happened?

Failover

Performing failover with a physical standby database

Time for action – failover with a physical standby database using SQL*Plus

Have a go hero

Performing failover with a logical standby database

Time for action – failover with a logical standby using broker

What just happened?

Summary

7. Active Data Guard, Snapshot Standby, and Advanced Techniques

Oracle Active Data Guard

Why Active Data Guard?

Oracle Data Guard license

Enabling Active Data Guard

Time for action – enabling Active Data Guard if Redo Apply is running using SQL *PLUS

Time for action – enabling Active Data Guard if the standby database is shut down

Time for action – enabling Active Data Guard using broker

What just happened?

Monitoring Active Data Guard

From primary

From standby

Active Data Guard with applications

Active Data Guard with PeopleSoft

Time for action – Active Data Guard with PeopleSoft

Active Data Guard with EBS

Active Data Guard with TopLink

Active Data Guard with Oracle BI

Active Data Guard with SAP

Active Data Guard features

EXPDP from standby database using NETWORK_LINK (ADG)

Time for action – exporting a database backup from Active Data Guard

What just happened?

Time for action – using the ASH report from the standby database

What just happened?

Have a go hero – running Statspack from a standby database

Using a snapshot standby database

Time for action – converting to a snapshot standby database

What just happened?

Time for action – converting to a physical standby database

What just happened?

Have a go hero – convert the physical standby to a snapshot and vice versa using broker

Cascade standby databases

Limitations with cascade standby database

Time for action – cascade standby database

What just happened?

Advanced compression in Data Guard

Time for action – enabling advanced compression

What just happened?

Preparation of standby on a cross-platform Data Guard

Time for action – creating a cross-platform Data Guard setup

What just happened?

Data Guard tuning and wait events

Network tuning

Redo transport and apply tuning

Data Guard wait events

Summary

8. Integrating Data Guard with the Complete Oracle Environment

The Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control integration

Time for action – adding the Data Guard configuration into Cloud Control

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Cloud Control Data Guard administration home page

Modifying the Data Guard configuration

Time for action – enabling/disabling fast-start failover

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Monitoring Data Guard performance

Using Incident Manager to monitor Data Guard

Time for action – setting the threshold and creating an incident for estimated failover time metric

What just happened?

RMAN integration

Integration requirements and best practices

Physical standby requirement

RMAN Catalog requirement

Using a different DB_UNIQUE_NAME

General RMAN best practices

RMAN settings for the Data Guard environment

Registering primary database in the catalog

Configuring RMAN settings for primary database:

Configuring RMAN settings for standby database

Checking the RMAN configuration

Time for action – recovering a primary database using a standby database disk backup

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Using block change tracking with Data Guard

RAC integration

A RAC primary database with a single instance standby database

A RAC primary database with a RAC standby database

Summary

9. Data Guard Configuration Patching

What is patch and what are patch types?

Interim patch

CPU/SPU patches

PSU patches

Patch set

Patching on Data Guard

What just happened?

Best practices of patching

Upgrading OPatch

Performing prerequisite checks of patch

How to clean up patch history?

What just happened?

Patching on Data Guard configuration

How to apply an interim/bug patch on logical standby?

Time for action – applying a patch on logical standby

What just happened?

How to apply a PSU patch on physical standby database using broker?

Time for action – applying PSU on a physical standby database

Pop quiz

What just happened?

How to apply patch set on physical standby (11.2.0.1 to 11.2.0.3)?

Time for action – patch set upgrade of physical standby

What just happened?

Have a go hero – in-place patch set installation

Summary

10. Common Data Guard Issues

Recreating the standby control file

Time for action – recreating the standby control file

What just happened?

Dealing with redo transport authentication problems

Time for action – changing the SYS password in a Data Guard environment

Pop quiz – the redo transport authentication problem in only one instance of the primary database

What just happened?

Time for action – changing the redo transport user

What just happened?

Dealing with UNNAMED datafiles

Time for action – resolving UNNAMED datafile errors

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Closing a gap with an RMAN incremental backup

Time for action – closing a gap with an RMAN incremental backup

What just happened?

Pop quiz – using a tape for SCN incremental backup

Fixing NOLOGGING changes on the standby database

Time for action – fixing NOLOGGING changes on a standby database with incremental datafile backups

What just happened?

Time for action – fixing NOLOGGING changes in the standby database with incremental database backups

What just happened?

Turning on Data Guard tracing

Have a go hero

Gathering diagnostic data

Alert log and trace files

Time for action – monitoring the database alert log using ADRCI

What just happened?

Data Guard broker logs

Dynamic performance views

Summary

11. Data Guard Best Practices

Configuring a connection failover

Transparent Application Failover (TAF)

Configuring the client-side TAF

Configuring the server-side TAF

Fast Connection Failover (FCF)

Time for action – configuring FCF for JDBC connections

What just happened?

Fast Application Notification (FAN)

What just happened?

The archived log deletion policy on the standby database

Time for action – the recommended configuration for archived log maintenance on a standby database

What just happened?

Using flashback on a standby database

Time for action – using flashback on a standby database

What just happened?

Database rolling upgrade using the transient logical standby database

Time for action – performing a rolling upgrade using the transient logical standby database

What just happened?

Have a go hero – one last switchover

Corruption detection, prevention, and automatic repair with Oracle Data Guard

DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM

DB_BLOCK_CHECKING

DB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECT

Automatic block media repair

Summary

Pop Quiz Answers

Chapter 1, Getting Started

Pop quiz – real-time apply consideration

Chapter 5, Data Guard Protection Modes

Pop quiz – precautions for primary database availability issue in maximum protection mode

Chapter 6, Data Guard Role Transitions

Pop quiz

Chapter 9, Data Guard Configuration Patching

Pop quiz

Chapter 10, Common Data Guard Issues

Pop quiz – redo transport authentication problem in only one instance of primary database

Pop quiz – using tape for SCN incremental backup

Index

Oracle Data Guard 11gR2 Administration Beginner's Guide

Oracle Data Guard 11gR2 Administration Beginner's Guide

Copyright © 2013 Packt Publishing

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Credits

Authors

Emre Baransel

Nassyam Basha

Reviewers

Syed Jaffar Hussain

Michael Seberg

Joel Perez

Acquisition Editor

Martin Bell

Lead Technical Editor

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Technical Editors

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Proofreaders

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Indexer

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Graphics

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Production Coordinator

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Cover Work

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About the Authors

Emre Baransel is a graduate of Electrical and Electronic engineering and has two Master's, one in Business Administration and the other one in Information Systems. He has been working in the IT industry for the past 10 years. He has worked for one of the largest fixed-line and GSM technology-based companies in Turkey. He was nominated as an Oracle ACE in 2012. He's an Oracle Certified Professional (OCP), a founding member of TROUG (Turkish Oracle User Group), and a blogger at emrebaransel.blogspot.com. He has spoken at the Oracle Open World in the US and at user group conferences in different countries of Europe. He has also contributed to the Oracle RMAN 11g Backup and Recovery book in 2010. He has focused specially on high database availability and disaster recovery solutions, cloud technologies, and database security.

First of all, I would like to thank the love of my life, my wife Tulay, for her patience and support during the time I was writing this book, and my super sweet son Demir for his presence in my life. I would also like to thank my co-author Nassyam for his great effort on this book under intense work pressure, the technical reviewers Jaffar, Joel, and Michael for their valuable time, and the Packt Publishing team for all their help and labor on this book. Thousands of hours were spent on this book by many different people. Thank you all who made this book possible.

Nassyam Basha is a Database Administrator. He has around seven years of IT experience of which the last five years have been as a Production Oracle DBA. He is a post graduate who holds a master's degree in Computer Applications from the University of Madras. He started working with dBase and FoxPro, and has participated in several projects with FoxPro and Oracle database starting from Oracle 7. He is an Oracle 10g Certified Professional having good knowledge in Oracle technologies such as Data Guard, RMAN, RAC, and performance tuning. He has completed more than 90 Data Guard setups on all platforms, from RAC to non-RAC and successful cluster migrations with switchovers and failovers for many business-critical production databases with major Data Guard-related issues. He actively participates in Oracle-related forums such as OTN, having 9000+ posts, using the profile Freelists (https://forums.oracle.com/forums/profile.jspa?editMode=true&userID=651869). He maintains an Oracle technology-related blog, (www.oracle-ckpt.com) and he is reachable at .

Above and beyond all others, I have to thank my Almighty Allah and my parents N. Abdul Aleem and Rahimunnisa. Without them I wouldn't have been able to be what I am today. A special thanks to my brother Nawaz Basha who has been with me all the time, in joy and even in sadness, and to my family members Zaheer Ahamed, Farhana, Riyana, niece Fathima Zehra, and my nephew Azzoo. I would also like to express my gratitude to Oracle professionals such as Shahbaz, Mohammad Farhan, Syed Jaffar Hussain, Chinar Aliyev, Michael Seberg, Uwe Hesse, Mohamed Houri, Adi Narayana, and all my friends along with my favorite authors Larry Carpenter and Joseph Meeks. I shall not forget to thank my clients and colleagues who have provided me with invaluable opportunities to expand my knowledge and shape my career. My heartfelt appreciation goes to the technical reviewers of this book, Syed Jaffar Hussain, Michael Seberg, and Joel Perez for the time they have spent reviewing this book, and to Packt Publishing's team members, Stephanie Moss, Leena Purkait, and Martin Bell for their support. Thanks to all of them and to their team members for giving me the opportunity to write this book. Last but not the least, I would like to say a big thanks to Emre Baransel who gave me the opportunity to co-author this book with him. His help, along with his direction were strong assets to write. Thank you Emre.

About the Reviewers

Syed Jaffer Hussain has been an Oracle Database Expert for over 14 years in his 20 years of Information Technology (IT) career. Over the past 14 years of his Oracle journey, he has been associated with several local and large-scale international banks where he implemented and managed very complex cluster and non-cluster environments with hundreds of business critical databases. Recognizing his efforts and contribution towards the community, Oracle awarded him the prestigious Best DBA of the year award in 2011, and bestowed him with the Oracle ACE Director status. He has also acquired a number of industry best-Oracle credentials, such as Oracle Certified Master (OCM), Oracle RAC Expert, and OCP DBA 8i, 9i, 10g, and 11g in addition to ITIL expertise.

Syed is an active Oracle speaker. He regularly presents technical sessions and webinars on various Oracle technologies at many Oracle events. You can visit his technical blog at http://jaffardba.blogspot.com, where he discusses and writes about workarounds/solutions for the issues confronted by him in his day-to-day activities.

Apart from being a part of the core Technical Review committee for a few Oracle technology-oriented books, he has also co-authored the books Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Cluster Essentials and Oracle Expert RAC.

I would like to thank the Almighty and my parents for giving me everything I needed to become what I am today in life. Also, I owe a very big thanks to my wife Ayesha and my three champs (Ashfaq, Arfan, and Aahil) for allowing me to concentrate on my work by sacrificing their family time. Last but not the least, from the bottom of my heart, I would like to thank every individual who stood behind me and supported me morally during my ups and downs and encouraged me all through my life.

Michael Seberg has worked with Oracle since Version 7.3 in programming and administration. In the spring of 2010, Michael took on data protection for his employer, designing a complete failover site for Oracle using Data Guard. He has done extensive testing of switchover, failover, and monitoring of Data Guard. An Oracle generalist, Michael also works with Fusion Middleware, Forms and Reports, PHP, JSP, and Linux. He also does development in PL SQL, Object Pascal, and Java. Michael maintains a large personal website dedicated to Oracle technologies. He is a frequent contributor to the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) forum.

I would like to thank my wife Andrea for her commitment and patience with me.

Joel Perez is an expert DBA with over 12 years of specialized experience in several database areas with special focus on high availability and disaster recovery solutions (RAC, RMAN, Data Guard, and so on), upgrades, backup and recovery, database hardening, performance tuning, and others. During these years, Joel has worked as a Senior Consultant with a large number of companies and clients in various countries namely Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, Dominican Rep., Haiti, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Colombia, Honduras, Ecuador, Mexico, India, and others. Joel is a frequent speaker at many events such as OTN LAD TOUR. Among other complementary activities, Joel teaches high availability courses in Oracle University of several countries in Latin America and publishes articles for OTN LAD. Joel was the first Latin American to be named OTN Expert in the year 2003. Joel has been an Oracle ACE since 2004 and an Oracle ACE Director since 2012.

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Preface

Data Guard is the Oracle technology that meets high availability, disaster recovery, and data protection requirements for the Oracle Database, and is the market leader product for this scope. In enterprise systems, Data Guard is very widely used, so managing Data Guard configurations is a common task of Oracle DBAs. This administration task is not just about installing and keeping standby databases synchronized with the primary database. DBAs also provide standby databases for reporting and testing purposes, recovering partial data by using them, performing role transitions for disaster recovery testing or for planned maintenance operations, integrating Data Guard with the existing Oracle environment, and so on. As an Oracle DBA, you need to learn how to install and maintain Data Guard and benefit from it as much as possible.

In this practical book, you'll not only be introduced to Oracle Data Guard, you'll also see all aspects of Data Guard administration with examples, recipes, and best practices. We'll start by learning about the fundamental components of Data Guard, and then continue with configuring physical and logical standby databases of Data Guard. The important details and best practices of Data Guard administration will be covered later on.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Getting Started, includes an introduction to Oracle Data Guard. Configuration elements, the architecture of the physical and logical standby databases, Data Guard services, the history of Data Guard, and a comparison with other replication solutions are covered in this chapter.

Chapter 2, Configuring the Oracle Data Guard Physical Standby Database, explains how to prepare the configuration from scratch, create a physical standby database including post tasks with a step-by-step approach, and verify the physical standby database recovery including real-time apply.

Chapter 3, Configuring Oracle Data Guard Logical Standby Database, shows you how to prepare a logical standby database configuration with pre and post steps. Customization and management in a logical standby database are also covered.

Chapter 4, Oracle Data Guard Broker, explains the detailed implementation of the Data Guard broker, monitoring and managing Data Guard using the broker, troubleshooting the Data Guard broker, and configuring fast-start failover (FSFO).

Chapter 5, Data Guard Protection Modes, focuses on the three data protection modes of Oracle Data Guard. You'll learn how to choose the correct mode for your requirements and how to change modes using SQL*Plus, the Data Guard broker, and Enterprise Manager Cloud Control.

Chapter 6, Data Guard Role Transitions, will include the necessary steps to accomplish successful switchover and failover operations in the physical and logical standby database environments. It also covers different tools to perform role transitions.

Chapter 7, Active Data Guard, Snapshot Standby, and Advanced Techniques, explains what Active Data Guard is, how to integrate applications with Active Data Guard, and several advantages of using it, such as performing Data Pump exports, gathering ASH reports, and advanced compression. This chapter also describes how to use snapshot standby, implement cascade standby databases, configure the cross-platform Data Guard setup, and also provides a brief on Data Guard tuning.

Chapter 8, Integrating Data Guard with the Complete Oracle Environment, explains the configuration steps required to integrate Data Guard with Enterprise Manager Grid Control, RMAN, and RAC. Integrating Data Guard with these products is crucial to make an efficient configuration and take advantage of all of these products together.

Chapter 9, Data Guard Configuration Patching, explains how to apply one-off patches and patch set updates to databases in a Data Guard environment, and some best practices of patching.

Chapter 10, Common Data Guard Issues, gives practical information for dealing with some very common issues in Data Guard that every administrator needs to know and experience.

Chapter 11, Data Guard Best Practices, includes very important information regarding how to make a Data Guard configuration perfect and take maximum advantage of Data Guard properties. Connection failover, deletion of archived log files, using flashback, database rolling upgrade using transient logical standby and corruption detection, and prevention and automatic repair with Oracle Data Guard are covered.

What you need for this book

In order to follow the exercises in this book, you must install the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 software on two separate database servers (primary and standby). You can use a virtual machine to create virtual database servers on your PC. Also, a database has to be created on the primary database server. The Oracle management software, Enterprise Manager 12c Cloud Control, needs to be installed to follow specific exercises using this tool.

Who this book is for

If you are an Oracle DBA who wants to configure and administer Data Guard and improve your knowledge on Data Guard with a step-by-step approach and hands-on scenarios, this book is for you. With a basic understanding of Oracle database administration you'll easily be able to follow the book.

Conventions

In this book, you will find several headings appearing frequently.

To give clear instructions of how to complete a procedure or task, we use:

Time for action – heading

Action 1

Action 2

Action 3

Instructions often need some extra explanation so that they make sense, so they are followed with:

What just happened?

This heading explains the working of tasks or instructions that you have just completed.

You will also find some other learning aids in the book, including:

Pop quiz – heading

These are short multiple-choice questions intended to help you test your own understanding.

Have a go hero – heading

These are practical challenges that give you ideas for experimenting with what you have learned.

You will also find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: The LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n parameters must be configured properly on every instance of primary and standby databases to show remote archiving destinations.

A block of code is set as follows:

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG =

{

[ SEND | NOSEND ]

[ RECEIVE | NORECEIVE ]

[ DG_CONFIG=(remote_db_unique_name1, ... remote_db_unique_name9) | NODG_CONFIG ]

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

  2  DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB (

  3  JOB_NAME =>

'REFRESH_EMPDEPT_MV_PRIMARY'

,

  4  JOB_TYPE => 'PLSQL_BLOCK',

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

RFS LogMiner: Registered logfile [/u01/app/oracle/archive_std/1_106_791552282.arc] to LogMiner session id [1] ... LOGMINER: Begin mining logfile for session 1 thread 1 sequence 106, /u01/app/oracle/archive_std/1_106_791552282.arc LOGMINER: End  mining logfile for session 1 thread 1 sequence 106, /u01/app/oracle/archive_std/1_106_791552282.arc

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you