Museographs: Illuminated Manuscripts: The History Publication of World Culture
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Museograph's Illuminated Manuscripts gives rare scholarly attention to these Judeo-Christian, Islamic, and secular masterpieces. From the Byzantine Period to the Renaissance, it outlines the evolution of this textual art form. Religious themes that were common to illuminated texts for over one thousand years became progressively outnumbered as literacy spread beyond the religious community. Books were slowly evolving from status symbols to learning tools. The decorative content of illuminations also advanced through history's course. Virtually without border in the Byzantine Period, manuscripts resonated and simplicity befitting religious ceremonies and houses of worship. By the Romanesque Period, the appearance of the Bestiary indicated that a shift was on the horizon. The Winchester border, with its heavy frame and ornate gold bars, was wild with foliage and whimsical in its combination of human and bestial figures. Illuminated design gone organic!
Illuminated Manuscripts is a sensory treasure of image and word. Subjects within this monograph embody a rich interdisciplinary history and continue to grow alongside man as his understanding of what is beautiful deepens and his ability to express it is actualized.
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Museographs - Caron Caswell Lazar
Celts
Illuminated Manuscripts
A man who knows not how to write may think this is no feat. But only try to do it yourself and you will learn how arduous is the writer’s task. It dims your eyes, makes your back ache, and knits your chest and belly together — it is a terrible ordeal for the whole body. So, gentle reader, turn these pages carefully and keep your finger far from the text. For just as hail plays havoc with the fruits of spring, so a careless reader is a bane to books and writing.
— Prior Petrus, Scribe and Illuminator ca. 1091-1109
Annunciation, Jean Poyet, from Book of Hours, 10 1/16 x 7 1/16 inches,
France, Tours, ca. 1500.
Collection of The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. H.B, f.3Ov.
Copyright, 1993 The Pierpont Morgan Library.
A Brief History
Illuminated manuscripts have a three-fold place in history: in the history of books, the history of art, and the history of ideas. These sumptuous books antedate and overlap mechanical printing and so provide an essential means of understanding the recording and disseminating of knowledge — an effort that resulted in ushering in the modern world.
In art history these manuscripts are important for two reasons. First, they constitute a record of the history of design and ornament that goes all the way back to the ancient world; second, as the largest category of painting that has come down to us from the Middle Ages, they are a pictorial reference less affected by physical change or the restorer’s hand than any other from the same period; and finally, as documents in the history of ideas, these books illustrate the evolution of human knowledge, reflecting in their constantly changing forms and decoration the movements and reorientations of thought that underlie the cartography of the continuing generations of cultural evolution — and revolution.
The very term illuminated manuscript heralds this medium as high art. Webster defines illumination in part as the rendering illustrious or the causing to be resplendent, while the word manuscript literally means written by hand. These definitions endow the spirit of the illuminated manuscript as inherently different in nature from modern book illustration or decoration. For just as the written word is the direct expression of mankind’s unique ability in all of earthly creation to record and transmit thought, so the inspiration to decorate, to make more beautiful, the word is the expression of the awe of the supernatural — that which evoked divine power. Illumination, or the causing of words to be resplendent, only existed as a creative process while the written word was held in such high spiritual regard — whether the cause of this regard was because it [the word] exists or because it was thought to be divinely inspired.
Although illustrious manuscripts did exist to some extent in classical antiquity, they flowered and were much more prevalent in the Middle Ages, when the uniqueness of every book gave it a value that is inconceivable today. And although there were certainly undecorated books produced throughout this period the very idea of the embellished word, as an ongoing tradition, existed only when the word itself had more than a literal meaning and significance.
In the