No One Understands You and What to Do About It
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About this ebook
That’s the bad news. But there is something we can do about it. Heidi Grant Halvorson, social psychologist and bestselling author, explains why we’re often misunderstood and how we can fix that.
Most of us assume that other people see us as we see ourselves, and that they see us as we truly are. But neither is true. Our everyday interactions are colored by subtle biases that distort how others see usand also shape our perceptions of them.
You can learn to clarify the message you’re sending once you understand the lenses that shape perception:
Trust. Are you friend or foe?
Power. How much influence do you have over me?
Ego. Do you make me feel insecure?
Based on decades of research in psychology and social science, Halvorson explains how these lenses affect our interactionsand how to manage them.
Once you understand the science of perception, you’ll communicate more clearly, send the messages you intend to send, and improve your personal relationships. You’ll also become a fairer and more accurate judge of others. Halvorson even offers an evidence-based action plan for repairing a damaged reputation.
This book is not about making a good impression, although it will certainly help you do that. It’s about coming across as you intend. It’s about the authenticity we all strive for.
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Reviews for No One Understands You and What to Do About It
11 ratings2 reviews
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5some good insight and nice clarification about some very important everyday issues
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The more you learn about communication, the more you realize it's significantly about the perceiver and their outlook, experiences and filters. Halvorson's book is all about helping us understand those filters and what we can do to influence through them. She breaks down the traits and biases so we can fully realize what's happening. This book is smart and deep and yet a user-friendly read. Each chapter concludes with a summary that can be used for a quick refresher. One of my favorite take-aways is to think about whether the recipient is more an opportunity seeker or a risk avoider.
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Book preview
No One Understands You and What to Do About It - Heidi Grant Halvorson
Author
Introduction
How They See You, How They Don’t
Whatever you may have heard to the contrary, Chip Wilson is not an idiot. The founder and former CEO and chairman of Lululemon Athletica is, in point of fact, a highly successful entrepreneur, philanthropist, innovator, and self-made billionaire. Idiots are very rarely any of those things.
But a 2013 Bloomberg TV interview with him and his wife Shannon, Lululemon’s original athletic wear designer, was not one of his finest moments. When he was asked about reports of customers complaining about pilling
in the company’s newest line of high-end yoga pants, he defensively replied that some women’s bodies just actually don’t work
for yoga pants and that the problem was really about the rubbing through the thighs, how much pressure is there.
Translation: If your fat thighs are ruining your pricey Lululemon yoga pants, that’s your problem. Maybe my pants are not for you. (Incidentally, if you watch the video, you will see Shannon Wilson shoot him a look at that moment that would have surely turned him to stone had he noticed it, which he did not.)
As Elizabeth Harris, reporting for the New York Times, later put it with gleeful understatement, Perhaps going on television and suggesting that women with large thighs were not the ideal customer—at least when it comes to yoga pants—would never be considered advisable for the top executive of an athletic wear company.
Wilson’s comment was, of course, horribly offensive—but was it Chip Wilson’s intention to be offensive? Did he even think what he said was offensive? In a video apology he later issued before stepping down as Lululemon’s chairman—a statement that seemed to be more aimed at Lululemon employees than the customers whose thighs he had impugned—Wilson said that he was sad for the repercussions of my actions
and that he accepted responsibility,
that ubiquitous postdisaster PR phrase that everyone repeats but no one ever seems to mean. But nowhere did he actually acknowledge that there was anything wrong with what he had said or that he personally had been wrong to say it.
I’m going to go out on a limb and suggest that Chip Wilson did not intend, with those poorly chosen words, to insult and alienate his loyal customer base. (Or to seriously irritate his wife.) It just doesn’t make sense to assume otherwise. So, if that wasn’t his intention, and if he’s not an idiot (self-made billionaire, people), then what happened?
. . .
About a year ago, I was brainstorming ideas for my next book, and I’ll be honest—none of them were winners. I never cease to be intrigued by the steady stream of new findings and theories that are emerging in my field, so it’s not that I couldn’t find anything interesting to write about. It’s that interesting just isn’t enough. Readers of the kinds of books that I write expect to be enlightened and equipped with practical, effective strategies they can use in their professional and personal lives. They want knowledge in action, and rightly so. And none of the ideas I was coming up with seemed particularly useful or compelling.
So I did something I’ve never done before . . . I asked my husband. You see, my husband is a very successful and brilliant executive who never, ever reads books on management, innovation, motivation, influence, or any of the kinds of things people like me write about. He hasn’t even read my books. Which is why I thought that if I could find a topic that even he would be interested in reading, I might really have something.
If you were ever going to pick up a book like the ones I write, what would it be about? What would you want to know?
I asked him.
He thought about this for a few moments and replied, I suppose the one problem I haven’t figured out a good solution for—the one that keeps coming up again and again—is how I come across to other people. I get the feeling that sometimes people think I’m being critical, or aloof, or disengaged, and that’s not at all my intention. But I don’t know how to fix it, because I don’t understand what they are seeing. If there was a book about that, one that was based on evidence and not just bullshit, I would read it.
I jumped up off the couch, kissed him, and ran to my office to start typing—because what became clear to me as I listened to him was that this is everyone’s problem, not just my husband’s, or Chip Wilson’s. Without the ability to consistently and accurately telegraph our thoughts and intentions to others, none of us can succeed—no individual, no team, and no organization. Communication is vital, but the great irony is that human beings have a surprisingly difficult time when it comes to knowing what exactly they are communicating.
After you have read this book, you will understand better than ever why that’s the case—why communication is so very, very hard to get right. But you will also have a better understanding, perhaps for the first time, of what other people are actually seeing in your words and actions. And with that, you have the power to shape that perception—to take control of the messages you send.
When people ask me if this book is about making a good impression,
I tell them no, it isn’t. Because for me, it’s always been about something more essential and more authentic than that: it’s about coming across the way you intend to. In a world where relationships are everything and no one accomplishes anything alone, could there be anything more important than that?
. . .
The uncomfortable truth is that most of us don’t come across the way we intend. We can’t see ourselves truly objectively, and neither can anyone else. Human beings have a strong tendency to distort other people’s feedback to fit their own views. We know this intellectually, and yet we rarely seem to recognize it as it’s happening.
That can cause you big problems in your personal and professional life. People may not trust you, may not like you, or may not even notice you, as a result of these errors in perception. If you have ever felt yourself underestimated or misjudged, if you have stepped on toes without meaning to and been called to task for it, if you have wanted to cry out That’s not fair!
when false and hurtful assumptions have been made about you, I’m here to tell you that you are right. The way we see one another is far from fair. In fact, much of this process of perceiving other people, as you’ll soon discover, isn’t even rational. It is biased, incomplete, and inflexible. It is also largely (but not entirely) automatic.
Our intuitions about how we are seen by others might be surprisingly inaccurate, but there is good news: social psychologists have been studying how we really see each other, for the better part of a century. Our collective research shows that perceivers are, without a doubt, prone to error. These kinds of errors are, however, predictable—perception is governed by rules and biases that we can identify and anticipate.
The aim of this book is to help you understand how other people really see you and to give you tools to alter your words and actions (when necessary) so that you can send the signals you want to send. It will describe the persistent errors we all make and how to fix them. Knowing how you are actually perceived—in an interview, on a sales call, in your everyday interactions with your boss or coworkers—can go a long way toward improving nearly every aspect of your working life. It’s the key to making—and sustaining—a good impression, to being respected and valued, to getting ahead, and, as Chip Wilson now no doubt knows, to hanging on to what you’ve got.
My hope is that after you read this book, many of your past misunderstandings will begin to make sense. Best of all, you’ll be able to communicate more effectively, renew and strengthen your relationships, be recognized for the person you truly are, and, when it matters most, come across the way you intend to.
In part I, I’ll lay out the basics of how perception works, including the two main phases to perception, Phase 1 (automatic and filled with bias) and Phase 2 (effortful and more accurate). In part II, we’ll unpack the major lenses of perception that shape these biases—trust, power, and ego. In part III, we’ll see how the personality of perceivers can influence what they see and how they see it. Part IV discusses what to do if you’ve come across in a way you didn’t intend. There are a few things you can do to encourage your perceiver to see you more accurately and some steps you can take to become a more accurate judge of others. However, if it seems as if I’m spending a lot of time on the aspects of perception that fall outside of your direct control, you’re right: one terrifying message of this book is how warped other people’s perceptions of you may be, despite your best intentions. But the good news is that understanding how perception really works will give you a lot more ability to shape others’ perceptions—without their even realizing it.
So how does perception really work? Let’s find out.
Part I
Why It’s So Hard to Understand Each Other
Chapter 1
You Are Surprisingly Hard to Understand
The president thought it had all gone rather well.¹ In fact, he left the stage after his first debate with Mitt Romney thinking himself the victor. He’d followed his and his team’s plan to appear steady, resolute, presidential.
His aides feared that getting into an angry exchange would damage his likability, and the president himself decided to avoid the one-liners his team had prepared for him, not wanting to look snarky. His plan was to stay above the fray and refuse to take the