Parenting Skills
CEUs are available for this presentation at https://allceus.com/webinar
Objectives
• Identify 6 key areas of child development
• Describe characteristics of children in 4 stages of development
• Identify key principles to help you effectively work with/parent children.
Developmental vs. Chronological
• Culture, environment, health and personality impact developmental age.
• Maslow
6 Ways Children Grow
Piaget in a Nutshell
• Thinking, Reasoning and Problem Solving
• Pre-operational
• Concrete Operational
• Formal Operational
Erikson in Brief
• Love and Belonging, Self-Esteem
• Autonomy vs. Shame
• Industry vs. Inferiority
• Identity vs. Role Confusion
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
• Level 1: Preconventional: Focus on the Self
• Punishment and Obedience: Can I do it and not get caught?
• Personal Benefit: What makes ME happiest?
• Level 2: Conventional: Focus on Others
• Conforming to the will of the group. What makes others happy/gets me approval?
• Authority and Social Order: What does society say I should do?
• Level 3: Post-Conventional: Focus on the Principles
• Social Contract and Human Rights: Do the rules need to be changed to fit the current culture?
• Universal Ethical Principles: What is the most compassionate and ethical choice?
Common Observations: Preschool
• Biological Needs
• Sleep: 10-13 hours quality sleep
• Exercise: 30 minutes of structured physical activity and at least 60 minutes of unstructured physical activity daily
• Nutrition: ~1400 calories
• Piaget–Cognitive Needs: Concrete Operational
• Use concrete examples: How would you feel if….?
• Egocentric: Help clarify what is and is not the child’s doing…
• All or Nothing; Always or Never. Difficulty with sometimes.
• Clarify Media: Truth vs. Fiction and Ongoing vs. Reruns
Common Observations: Preschool
• Love, Belonging and Esteem Needs –Erickson: Initiative vs. Guilt
• Love and Belonging Needs (UPR)
• Self-Esteem Needs: What can the child do? Dislike behaviors not children.
• Kohlberg–Social/Moral Reasoning
• Instrumental purpose (good deal)
• Safety Needs
Common Observations: Preschool
• Strong attachment to home and family
• Short interest span
• Short attention span
• Aware of self and own desires
• Imaginative (animism)
• Curious
• Seeks repetition of enjoyable activities
• Boys and girls readily play together
• Depends on adults for getting needs met
• Needs consistency
• Thrives on structure
Common Observations Elementary
• Biological Needs
• 9-12 hours of sleep
• Nutrition: 1600-2000 calories
• Moderately active 60 minutes a day, at least five days a week or have at least 11,000 daily activity steps on a pedometer
• Piaget–Cognitive Needs: Concrete operational thought
• Still needs concrete examples
• Less all-or-nothing thinking
• Love, Belonging and Self-Esteem– Erickson: Ability to master and complete tasks/sense of accomplishment
• Emphasize goodness of the child
• Model positive expectations
• Teach acceptance of failures
• Encourage calculated risk taking
Common Observations Elementary
• Kohlberg–Social/Moral Reasoning: Interpersonal Accord and Conformity (Being good and living up to what others expect of you)
• Openly communicate about expectations and their rationale
• Identify who “others” are
• Reward conformity to expectations
• Safety Needs
• Safe, independent exploration (Scouts, sports teams, hobbies)
• Cohesiveness in the environment: A feeling of confidence that one's internal and external environ