INFRASTUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

(A presentation on DOJ training at TA - Civil, NTPC Singrauli)

Under the guidance of Mr. G.G. Bardhan

B Tech. Civil (spl. Structures), NIT Jamshedpur

Senior Manager (TA- Civil)

Presented By: Neetesh Sharma 102228 Munish Garg

The Following Works were assigned to us during DOJ training in TA-Civil at NTPC Singrauli
Infrastructure work in township
Structural design for physiotherapy department and conference hall in Sanjeevani hospital, township NTPC singrauli. Pilot project: structural design of multi-storey residential apartments.

1.

2. 3.

CSR work Construction/ execution work in township, including FQA.

Infrastructure work in township

Structural design and development of

construction drawings for physiotherapy department and conference hall in Sanjeevani hospital, township NTPC singrauli.

Type of structure: RCC frame Type of foundation: shallow (footings) Column sizes 0.3 x 0.45 0.45 x 0.45 Beam sizes 0.3 x 0.5(main first floor) 0.3 x 0.45(main roof) 0.3 x 0.4(secondary first floor) 0.3 x 0.3(secondary roof)

Plan (typical)

Elevation

Side view

Section A-A

Load Definition : Seismic Load

Parameter Zone Importance factor Response Reduction factor Rock and soil site factor Damping ratio Time Period in x direction Time Period in z direction Value III (0.16) 1.5 3 1 0.05 0.29 0.46

Basic load case details

Dead Load Live load Earthquake load in x direction Earthquake load in z direction

Load Combinations
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ+0. 3EQX) 1.5(DL+LL) 1.5(DL+EQX) 1.5(DL+EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5EQX 1.5EQZ+0.9DL 1.5(DL+EQZ+0.3E QX) 1.5(DL+EQX+0.3E QZ) 1.2(DL+LL+EQX+0. 3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQX+0. 3EQZ) -1.5EQZ+0.9DL 1.5(DL-EQZ0.3EQX) 1.5(DL-EQX0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+EQZ0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+EQX0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQX0.3EQZ)

0.9DL+1.5(EQZ+0. 3EQX)
1.5(DL-EQX) 1.5(DL-EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ) 0.9DL-1.5EQX

1.2(DL+LL-EQZ0.3EQX)
1.2(DL+LL-EQX0.3EQZ) 0.9DL1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+EQZ0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+EQX0.3EQZ)

0.9DL+1.5(EQZ0.3EQX)
1.5(DLEQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL-EQX0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LLEQZ+0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LLEQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ)

Analysis
Staad Pro was used to analyze the structure for the previously listed load combinations. The steps involved in the analysis of the structure using the computer package are as follows: Modelling the structure Defining Loadings Performing analysis and interpreting results.

1. 2. 3.

Design and Detailing

RCC design and detailing of reinforcement bars was done manually according to the indian standards using the analysis results from the computer package. Sampled design results for the structure are follows.

DETAIL OF REINFORCEMENT FOR FIRST FLOOR BEAMS

1 2 3 A B C D E F

Beam Name n#dia B1AE spans(5,5,5,2 .3) 0.3x0.5 B2AF spans(17.3,2. 7) 0.3x0.4 B3AF spans(5,5,5,5 ) 0.3x0.5

1 Bar len n#dia

2 Bar len n#dia

3 Bar len n#dia

4 Bar len n#dia

5 Bar len Shear (2 legged stirrups) 5m x 3 2.3m 10 @130 2.7m 8 @250

2#16

17.54

2#16

23.15

2#20

2.83

2#20

7.73

2#16

18 8 @300 17.3m

2#12

20.24

2#20

24.95

2#20

2.93

2#20

2.23

3#20

20.7 8 @250

5m x 5 2#16 20.24 2#16 26.65 2#20 3.5 2#20 8.4 2#16 20.7

Continued

8 @300

1
2 3 A B C D E F

Beam Name n#dia BA13 spans(4.35,3. 65) 0.3x0.5 BF1*3 spans(4.35,3. 65) 0.3x0.5

1 Bar len n#dia

2 Bar len n#dia

3 Bar len n#dia

4 Bar len n#dia

5 Bar len Shear (2 legged stirrups) 4.35m 3.65m 8 @300 3.65m 8 @300

2#12

8.3

2#12

10.12

2#20

3#12

8.7

2#20 2#12

2.45
8 @300 4.35m

2#12

9.8

2#12

10.12

2#20

3#12

9.7

2#20 2#12

2.45 8 @300

Beam Name n#dia BE21* spans(4.35,1. 5) 0.3x0.5

1 Bar len 6.15 4.65 n#dia

2 Bar len n#dia

3 Bar len Shear (2 legged stirrups) 4.35m 1.5m 8 @300

2#12 2#20

3#12

6.35

2#20

3.18
8 @170

1
2 3 A B C D E F

Beam Name n#dia BB13/BD13 spans(8) 0.3x0.5 BC13 spans(8) 0.3x0.5

1 Bar len 8.6 n#dia

2 Bar len 10.12 n#dia

3 Bar len 3 n#dia

4 Bar len 8.7 8 @300 8 @300 3.65m 8 @300 4.35m Shear (2 legged stirrups) 4.35m 3.65m

2#25

2#25

2#20

3#12

2#25 1#20

8.6

2#25

10.12

2#16

2#25

8.7 8 @300

SLAB REINFORCEMENT
0.5m 10 @ 300 c/c 2#10 1.305m 10 @ 300 c/c

1.1m

10 @ 300 c/c

4.35m

3.65m

0.5m 10 @ 300 c/c 2#10

1.5m 10 @ 300 c/c

1.5m

10 @ 300 c/c

5m

5m

COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

2 3 A B C D E F

location

Size

Reinforcement

Location

Size

Reinforcement

A1, A3
A2 B1,C1

0.3 m x 0.45m
0.45 x 0.45m 0.3 m x 0.45m 0.3 m x 0.45m

8 # 20
8 # 20 16 # 20 16 # 16 8 # 25

D1
E1,E2 F1,F3

0.3 m x 0.45m
0.3 m x 0.45m 0.3 m x 0.45m 0.45m x0.45m

16 # 20
8 # 20 8 # 16 8 # 20 8 # 16 8 # 20 8 # 16

B3,C3,D3

F2

Column reinforcement distributed equally on four edges. Transverse reinforcement 8 @ 250mm lateral ties

2
3 A B C D E F

location

Size

Depth

Reinforceme nt 12 @180mm both ways 12 @150mm both ways 12 @140mm both ways

Location

Size

Depth

Reinforcement

A1, A3, F3 A2, F2

2m x 2m 2.4m x 2.4m 2.2m x 2.2m

0.45m 0.6m

D1,D3 E1,E2

2.4m x 2.4m 2.2m x 2.2m 2.1m x 2.1m

0.6 0.6

12 @140mm both ways 12 @140mm both ways 12 @150mm both ways

B1, B3, C1, C3

0.6m

F1

0.6

Pilot Project : Structural analysis and design of multi-storey residential apartments.

Details of structure are as follows: Total no. of floors 18. above ground level: 16 below ground level: 2 (parking) Building dimensions and other details Plan: 47.5m x 42.5m Height above GL: 57m Below GL: 8m Storey height above GL: 3.5m (c/c) Storey height below GL: 4.0m (c/c) Area of one flat: 1054 sq ft No. of flats in one floor: 10 Total no. of flats in the building: 150 Type of structure: RCC frame (M35) Type of foundation: Pile foundation

Typical stuctural plan of building

ELEVATOR

STAIRS

CORRIDOOR

Load Definition : 1. Seismic Load

Parameter Zone Importance factor Response Reduction factor Rock and soil site factor Damping ratio Time Period in x direction Time Period in z direction Value IV (0.24) 1 5 1 0.05 1.08 1.09

2.

Wind Load
Parameter Basic wind speed (Risk coefficient) K1 (Terrain , height and structure size factor) K2 (Topography) K3 Value 47 m/s 1.0 Category-4, class- C, value height dependent. 1.0

Basic load case details

Dead Load

Live load
Wind Load x direction Wind Load -x direction Wind Load z direction Wind Load -z direction Earthquake load in x direction Earthquake load in z direction

Load combinations
1.5(DL+LL) 1.5(DL+EQX) 1.5(DL+EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5EQX 1.5EQZ+0.9DL 1.5(DL+EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+EQX+0.3EQZ) -1.5EQZ+0.9DL 1.5(DL-EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.5(DL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 0.9DL-1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL-1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+EQX-0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(-EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+WLX) 1.5(DL+WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL+WLX) 1.2(DL+LL+WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5WLX 1.5WLZ+0.9DL 1.5(DL+WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.5(DL+WLX+0.3WLZ) -1.5WLZ+0.9DL 1.5(DL-WLZ-0.3WLX) 1.5(DL-WLX-0.3WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ-0.3WLX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX-0.3WLZ) 0.9DL-1.5(WLX+0.3WLZ) 0.9DL-1.5(WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.5(DL+WLZ-0.3WLX) 1.5(DL+WLX-0.3WLZ)

1.2(DL+LL+EQZ+0.3EQX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL-EQX) 1.5(DL-EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ) 0.9DL-1.5EQX

1.2(DL+LL+EQZ-0.3EQX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQX-0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQX-0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.5(DL-EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(-EQX+0.3EQZ)

1.2(DL+LL+WLZ+0.3WLX)
1.2(DL+LL+WLX+0.3WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5(WLX+0.3WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5(WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.5(DL-WLX) 1.5(DL-WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ) 0.9DL-1.5WLX

1.2(DL+LL+WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.2(DL+LL+WLX-0.3WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5(WLX-0.3WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5(WLZ-0.3WLX) 1.5(DL-WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.5(DL-WLX-0.3WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX+0.3WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5(-WLX+0.3WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5(-WLZ+0.3WLX)

Models

SP 22(explainatory handbook to - IS1983)

Design
Foundation Design: Type of foundation for this

structure is pile foundation. Also the design and detailing for the foundation is done manually. this included deciding the depth of pile and calculating the load bearing capacity. Grouping of piles as per support reactions derived from Staad analysis. Thus deciding the different types of pile caps required. Structural design and detailing of pile and pile caps.

LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF BORED CAST-IN-SITU PILE STATIC FORMULA

-IS 2911 Part1- sec2

PILES IN GRANULAR SOILS

The ultimate bearing capacity ( Qu ) of piles in granular soils is given by the following formula:

where
Ap = cross-sectional area of pile toe in cm2; D = stem diameter in cm; = effective unit weight of soil at pile toe in kgf/cm3; PD = effective overburden pressure at pile toe in kgf/cm2; Nr and Nq = bearing capacity factors depending upon the angle of internal friction at toe; K = coefficient of earth pressure; PDi = effective overburden pressure in kg/cm2 for the ith layer where i varies from 1 to n; = angle of wall friction between pile and soil, in degrees (may be taken equal to ); and Asi = surface area of pile stem in cm2 in the ith layer where I varies from 1 to n. NOTE 1 Nr factor can be taken for general shear failure as per IS : 6403-1981*. NOTE 2 Nq factor will depend, apart from nature of soil on the type of pile and its method of construction, for bored piles, the value of Nq corresponding to angle of shearing resistance are given in Fig. 1. This is based on Berezantseus curve for D/B of 20 up to = 35 and Vesics curves beyond = 35. NOTE 3 The earth pressure coefficient K depends on the nature of soil strata, type of pile and its method of construction. For bored piles in loose medium sands, K values between 1 and 2 should be used.

Pile properties: Dia of pile: 0.5m Length of pile: 25m Vertical load carrying capacity: 2500KN Pullout load capacity:1750KN Lateral load carrying capacity: 108.7KN Depth of fixity: 3.87m below cutoff. Maximum moment in pile shaft:170.2KNm Distance btw two piles: 3 times dia=1.5m RCC design of Pile: P=2500KN M=170.2KNm fck=30KN/m2 Ast required=4712mm2 Provide 10# 20 dia Provide 8mm @ 300c/c lateral ties.

Sample calculation for design of a pile cap

From load data maximum reaction in the pile I & II are:
RI+RII=4681 kN Bending Moment = 4681(0.85-0.6) =1700KNm Ast required=3632mm2 Provide 20dia @190c/c both ways Check for one way shear: Vu=0.0425x4081/0.5=347kN v=Vu/bd=347000/915x2200=0.17 <c=0.29 .(safe)
1.5

Check for two way shear(punching)

Vu=347+0=347kN v=347000/(2115x4x915)=0.0448 <c=0.29 .(safe)

CSR work (Annual budget 2011-2012, Rs. 30.7 lakh)

Under the CSR work area various cost estimates were

prepared as under:
Title of work (Preparation of cost estimate for) Additional room(5m x 4m) in Kotabasti. Garbage pits in Chilkadand, Nimiatand. Renovation of community hall in Chilkadand/Kota/Parswar. Construction of culvert with RCC road in Ranibari. Alloted Amount 3 lakh 3 lakh 5 lakh 15 lakh

Renovation of drains in Chilkadand

Repair of school in parwar raja TOTAL

4 lakh
0.7 lakh 30.7 lakh

Remarks:- Proposal forwarded for financial vetting and approval of competent authority.

Steps in preparation of a cost estimate:

1.

2.
3.

4.
5. 6. 7.

Site visit and inspection of proposed locations. Preparation of construction drawings. Listing the various items to be used (scheduled and non-scheduled items). Calculating the quantity of the items involved as per the detailed drawings. Calculating the rate as per DSR (scheduled items). Rate analysis for non-scheduled items. Estimating the total amount (including UPL profit, PAP, contractors profit and service tax etc.).

Execution work
Execution of CISF morcha and telephone

exchange building. Construction (Repair and maintenance) of township road.

Various test conducted in FQA Lab

AGGREGATE TEST:
1. Sieve analysis test : This test is conducted for gradation of fine and coarse aggregates . 2. Aggregate Crushing Value- The aggregate crushing value, when determined in accordance with IS: 2386 (Part IV)-1963 shall not exceed 45 percent for aggregate used for concrete other than for wearing surfaces, and 30 percent for concrete for wearing surfaces, such as runways, roads and pavements. 3. Aggregates Impact Value- impact value may be determined in accordance with the method specified in IS : 2386 (Part IV )-1963. The aggregate impact value shall not exceed45 percent by weight for aggregates used for concrete other than for wearing surfaces and 30 percent by weight for concrete for wearing surfaces, such as runways, roads and pavements. 4.ELONGATION INDEX: This method is used for determining the elongation index of coarse aggregate. 5. FLAKINESS INDEXi: coarse aggregate This method is used for determining the flakiness index of

6.Stripping value test: Principle of this test is by immersing aggregate fully coated with binder in water maintained at specified temp. and result is reported as the percentage of stone surface that is stripped off after the specified time period

Test on Bitumen
1. Penetration test : This test is done to determine the penetration of bitumen as per IS: 1203 1978. The principle is that the penetration of a bituminous material is the distance in tenths of a mm, that a standard needle would penetrate vertically, into a sample of the material under standard conditions of temperature(25 degree calcius), load(100 g) and time(5 seconds).
the specimen in a pure petroleum distillate free from water , heating and distillating off the water. The weight of water condensed and collected is expressed as percentage by weight of the original specimen. The maximum water content in bitumen should not exceed 0.2 percent by weight.

2. Water content test: water content in Bitumen is determined by mixing known weight of

3. Softening point test : Softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a particular degree of softening under specified condition of test .Softening point of various bitumen grades varies between 35 degree to 70 degree.

References:
Various Indian Standard used are : 456-2000 - For Rcc design 875_1 -Dead Load 875_2 - Imposed (Live ) load 875_3 - Wind load 875_5 - Load combination 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 - Earthquake Loads

2911 1979 (Part 1 Sec 2)-Design and construction of pile foundation ( Bored cast in situ piles Concrete Piles 383 - Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete
SP 16 - Design aids for reinforced concrete to is : 456-2000 SP 22 - Explanatory handbook oncodes for earthquake engineering

SP 36 - Handbook on reinforcement and detailing

Books: - limit state design of RCC by A.K. Jain - RCC Design by Cyal and goyal - RCC Design of structeures by B.C. Punmia - Highway Engineering By Khanna and Justo