Professional Documents
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STRINGING - METHODS
Basically there are three methods of stringing
Manual Method Tension Method Helicopter method
STRINGING METHODS
Manual Method:
In this method, conductor is pulled along the ground by means of a pulling vehicle. The conductor drum shall be mounted on a drum lifting jack. The major drawback is that surface condition of the conductor will get damaged
Details
Essential parameter Maximum Tension(kN):30 Continuous Tension(kN):25 Maximum speed (km/h):5 Bullwheel bottom of groove dia meter(mm):1200 Number of grooves:5 Maximum pullback (kN):20 Maximum suitable conductor di ameter (mm): 32, Engine power /speed (kW/rpm) :11/2200 Dimensions (mm): 3560 1600 2220 Weight(kg):1700
Features of Tensioner (YK-YZ30A) 1. Bullwheel with wearproof MC nylon lining segments. 2. infinitely variable tension control and constant tension conductor stringing . 3. it adapt Italian reducer . 4. spring applied hydraulic released brake acts automatically in case of hydraulic failure to ensure safety Main component : 1. Engine :Domestic water cooled engine . 2 .Main pump/motor ,Chinese famous branded pump and motor . 3. Reducer :RR(Italian ) 4. Radiator: AKG 5. Hydraulic instrument : WIKA 6. It can choose import engine Uses: It adequate to tension releasing various conducts and earthwires .and also useful for tension releasing OPGW optic cable compounded earth wire and ADSS self stand optic cable .etc
Features of (YK-YQ30):
1. Infinitely variable speed and line control ,the pull in the rope can be read on the line pull gauge . 2. The max pull for conductor stringing operation can preset ,automatic overpull protection system . 3. Spring applied hydraulic release brake acts automatically in case of hydraulic failure ensure to safety . 4. Attached reel winder with automatically level wind .load and unload conveniently . main component : 1.Chinese famous diesel engine. 2. Main pump:SAUER SUNDSTRAND pump .main motor : SAI techniques product . 3. Radiator:AKG 4.Hydraulic instrument:WIKA 5.Mating with model GSP950 drum
Stringing tools
Pulley
Automatic clamp
bolted-type-clamp
hydraulic-compressor machine-motorised
Engine-winch-machinediesel-5-ton-capacity
Equalizer-pulley
Eye-type-four-sheave pulley
Four-Sheave-pulley
hydraulic-cond-cuttertwo-cup-up-to-40mm-diaacsr
kitto-clamp
open-type-single sheave-pulley
OPGW-Cable-Comealong
patta clamp
sag scope
sagging-pulley single-rope-pulley
snatch-pulley
snatch-typesteel-pulley
turn-table-withbreaking
Turn-buckle-3t-10t
HELICOPTER METHOD
Conductor will be strung directly from the helicopter; as a result, most transmission line work will be performed without touching the ground or encroaching on the right-of-way. An aerial utility contractor will be hired as needed during each projects conductor installation phase. Helicopters will fly in close proximity to the new transmission structures.
Benefits
A utility lineman suspended from a cable attached to a helicopter hangs a stringing wheel.
Working from a platform attached to a helicopter, a utility lineman attaches a spacer between transmission conductor
STRINGING
Steps involved
After ensuring the tightness of all the bolts and nuts the following activities will be started. Insulator hoisting along with aerial rollers Earthwire stringing Paying out the pilot wire Positioning of Stringing equipment
How should be jumper arrangement in various types of T/M lines ? What is the method for measuring jumper ?
DRUM SCHEDULING
DRUM SCHEDULING
OBJECTIVE Effective utilization of the conductor To prevent Wastage of the conductor. INPUTS Details of Tower Schedule Standard length of each drum. Receipt of Drums Details BASIS: Knowledge of Usage of cut lengths for Jumpers and Short Spans. All the joints or splices shall be made at least 30 metres away from the tower structures. No joints or splices shall be made in spans crossing over main roads, railways and small river tension spans. Not more than one joint per sub conductor per span shall be allowed.
Conductor drums have to be transported to the tensioner site as per the approved drum schedule for the section to avoid wastage and small bit lengths being left over. The selection of drum shall be such that no mid span joint will come within 30mtrs of any tower
DRUM SCHEDULE
TOWER SCHEDULE
Pulley
Pulling grip
Anti-twisting devices
If it is not possible to achieve this angle, the puller and/or the tensioner are placed close to the following tower, using an additional pulling cable of the required length. 90 or less retracking of the optic cable is not allowed. The tensioner as well as the puller should be positioned at a minimum distance equivalent to twice the height of the support to which the cable is fastened.
Anti-twisting devices
When a single or double layer OPGW cable is installed, an anti-twisting system is required to compensate the inherent effect of torque of the OPWG cable. This device is always positioned at the pulling head of the OPGW cable and equipped with two counterweights placed at a distance that is at least 3 meters one from the other. In this way that when one counterweight goes through the pulley the other is operative. Another anti-twisting device is installed at the end of the OPGW cable just before it leaves the tensioner. The weight of the anti-twisting devices has to be high enough to prevent OPGW cable rotation. The minimum values recommended for each counterweight are as follows: - Spans <300 m 12 kg - Spans 300 m - 700 m 15 kg - Spans > 700 m 20 kg For Installation length longer than 4000 meters these values should be increased by 5 kg. Special precaution must be taken in order to not rotate the cable inside the counterweights, due to unsuitable or incorrect tightening, during tightening process special attention has to be taken on using the appropriate clamp range and correct installation procedure, in order to not damage the OPGW cable
STEPS OF STRINGING:
The stringing procedure is broadly divided into the following steps: Paying out & stringing of conductor. Paying out & stringing of earthwire Final sagging of earthwire and conductor. Clipping and fixing of accessories.
What is guying ?
GUYING OF TOWERS Before commencing of stringing, the angle towers where the stringing is to be started have to be provided with guy supports for all the phases.
What are the precautions which should be taken at the time of guying?
The guys used generally are 20 mm steel wire rope. The guys are attached to the tower at the tip of the cross arm , to the strain plates with suitable D-shackles. The guys are anchored in the ground at an angle of 45 deg. or less from the horizontal, attached to dead end anchors . The guy wire is attached to the dead end anchor wire with the help of turn buckles of 10 tons capacity. After pulling up the slackness in guy, it is tightened by the turn buckle. Excessive tightening of guy should be avoided. It is advisable to tighten the guy progressively at the time of rough sagging of the conductor.
INSULATOR HOISTING :
In 132 KV and 220 KV transmission lines, suspension insulator strings are used on all suspension 'A' type towers (upto a deviation of 2 degrees) and tension insulator strings are used on 'B' and 'C' type Tension towers. In 400 KV lines V-type insulator strings are used on all suspension A-O and A-5 towers (up to a deviation of 5 degrees). Double tension insulator strings are used at all B-30, C-60 and DE type Tension towers. The number of insulator units to be used on various types of strings are vary. Double suspension insulator strings are used in 132 KV & 220 KV lines on Suspension towers of River and Power line Crossings only. Double Tension insulator strings are used in 132 KV & 220 KV lines on Tension towers of Railway, River and Power Line Crossings only
What are the precautions which should be taken at the time of insulator hoisting?
INSULATOR HOISTING:
PRECAUTIONS: After opening of the crates, insulators shall be laid in series, on wooden planks below the suspension points. The insulators shall be cleaned with water and wiped dry with cloth free from grease and oil. Insulators shall be checked for any chipping or crack and shall be replaced with new one. The no. of insulators required for string shall be joined and R clips in the clevis shall be expanded to avoid slippage of the pin. The hardware of the string on the tower side is assembled and joined to the first insulator by ball eye. The bottom insulator is joined to the twin moose roller. The neoprene rubber cushion on the outer rollers shall be checked for any cracks/wearing out and shall be changed if required. A single sheave pulley is fixed to the cross arm very near to the suspension hanger. A 20 mm polypropylene rope is passed through the pulley. Both the end of the rope is brought to the ground. One end of the rope is firmly tied below the 3rd or 4th insulator. The complete string with roller is lifted up by pulling the rope through a pulley attached to one of the tower legs by using tractor/manually. After reaching the top the string is attached to the suspension hanger and string is released slowly to hang free.
C.C. RING
GRADING RING
PAYIONG-OUT OF CONDUCTOR
STRINGING OF EARTHWIRE:
Paying out of Earthwire: Normally stringing of earthwire is done manually since handling of earthwire is easy and it does not get damaged easily. First, earthwire rollers are provided on the earthwire peaks of all the suspension towers in the section. A lineman/fitter may be kept on each tower to ensure free running of rollers with red and green flag and whistle. Earthwire is pulled from tower to tower manually or by using tractor. After reaching the next tower the earthwire is passed through the suspended earthwire rollers with the help of a polypropylene rope and paying out is continued further. After one length of earthwire reel is exhausted, the second length of wire is paid out for the balance section. Midspan joint for earthwire is compressed on the ground joining the two lengths.
How Final sag is done? What are the various steps involved ?
Temperature difference should be considered or not during final sag ? What are the consequences of not changing the sag board for overall day temperatures?
Catenary curve
For Earthwire
All the calculation shall be based upon maximum working tension of 1212 kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind pressure provided that tension of 3360 kgs at 32 deg. C and 200 kg/sqm. Wind pressure is not exceeded.
For Earthwire
All the calculation shall be based upon maximum working tension of 3360 kgs at 32 deg. C and 200 kg/sqm. wind pressure provided that tension of 1212 kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind is not exceeded
Requisite No. of retaining rods are provided. All bolts & nuts are properly tightened
Thank you.