Professional Documents
Culture Documents
en Plantas Concentradoras
PLANIFICACION DE UN BALANCE
Hacer el diagrama de flujo
Establecer frecuencia y tiempo de muestreo
Tcnica a utilizar
Modelamiento matemtico
Confirmar si los puntos de muestreo son
accesibles y si las muestras tomadas sern
representativas.
Disear los muestreadores de acuerdo a la
cantidad de flujo y tamao de partcula.
Calidad y cantidad de materiales a utilizar
Muestreo en planta
TECNICAS DE CLCULO
Mtodo algebraico (clsico)
Mnimos cuadrados y Multiplicadores de
Lagrange.
Mtodo Computacional (Smith e Ichiyen)
MNIMOS CUADRADOS
C1
Cto-Pb
Cto-Zn
C4(1-1-2)
C21
C3a2
(1)
2
i
= [(C1 C 4 ) + 1 (C 4 C 2 ) + 2 (C 4 C3 )]
(1) i
i
= 2[(C1 C 4 ) + 1 (C 4 C 2 ) + 2 (C 4 C3 )](C 4 C 2 )
A = (C1 C 4 )(C 4 C 2 )
B = (C 4 C 2 )
C = (C 4 C 3 )(C 4 C 2 )
A + B 1 + C 2 = 0
B 1 + C 2 = A
(1)
2
i
= [(C1 C 4 ) + 1 (C 4 C 2 ) + 2 (C 4 C3 )]
(1) i
i
= 2[(C1 C 4 ) + 1 (C 4 C 2 ) + 2 (C 4 C3 )](C 4 C3 )
D = (C1 C 4 )(C 4 C 3 )
E = (C 4 C 2 )(C 4 C 3 )
F = (C 4 C 3 )
D + E 1 + F 2= 0
E 1 + F 2= D
Sm
= 2 (c1 ) + 2i (1)
(c1 )
(c1 ) = i
Sm
= 2(c2 ) + 2i (1 )
(c2 )
(c2 ) = i1
Sm
= 2(c3 ) + 2i ( 2 )
(c3 )
(c3 ) = i 2
Sm
= 2(c4 ) + 2i (1 1 2 )
(c4 )
(c4 ) = i (1 1 2 )
Sm
= 2[(1) i (c1 ) + (c2 )1 + (c3 ) 2 + (c4 )(1 1 2 )]
i
(1) i
i =
2
2
2
1 + 1 + 2 + (1 1 2 )
EJEMPLO
Flujo
Cabeza
Conc. Bulk
Conc. Zinc
Relave
%Zn
3.42
8.32
56.24
0.25
%Pb
1.51
50.29
1.63
0.18
%Cu
0.27
8.03
1.22
0.03
%Ag
0.0136
0.4165
0.0253
0.0016
Matriz Principal
2640.17
533.94
533.94
3138.87
Matriz Inversa
0.000392258
-6.67251E-05
94.27
0.0250
-6.67251E-05
0.000329936
179.54
0.0529
c 1
Zn
Pb
Cu
Ag
3.42
1.52
0.26
0.0137
c 2
8.32
50.29
8.03
0.4165
c 3
56.24
1.63
1.22
0.0253
c 4
0.25
0.18
0.05
0.0014
METODO COMPUTACIONAL
8
w2
4
3
Ro
Scv
w3
Cleaner
DATOS
Flujo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nombre
Alimento
Relave rougher
Relave Final
Conc. rougher
Concentrado final
Relave cleaner
Conc. scavenger
w1
%Zn
3.93
8.11
0.49
42.73
52.07
34.64
11.86
%Zn
3.93
8.11
0.49
42.73
52.07
34.64
11.86
%Cu
0.163
0.466
0.14
0.96
0.657
1.02
0.44
%Fe
11.57
14.35
13.09
14.37
14.67
14.66
13.75
Ecuaciones
Circuito
C 1 C 6 w1 C 4 (1 w1 ) = 0
Rougher
C8 w2 + C1 *1 + C7 (w3 w1 ) C5 w3 C3 (1 + w2 w1 ) = 0
Scavenger
C 3 (1 + w2 w1 ) C 8 w2 C 4 (1 w1 ) = 0
Cleaner
C 5 w3 C 7 (w3 w1 ) C 6 w1 = 0
C1
B (w) =
w1 =
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
w3 =
C2
0.2008
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
-(1+w2-w1)
-w 3
(w 3-w 1)
w2
(1+w2-w1)
-(1-w 1)
-w 2
w3
-w 1
-(w 3-w 1)
B (w) =
Mi =
Mi =
-4.5612
-0.2008
0.1365
3.6255
4.5612
-0.9357
-3.6255
0.2008
-0.0643
-0.1365
C12
C22
C32
C42
C52
C62
C72
15.445
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
65.772
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.2401
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1825.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2711.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1199.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
140.66
-1
-4.561154 4.56115
B' =
-0.9357
-0.200765
0.20077
-0.0643
0.136462
-0.13646
3.625457 -3.62546
-15.4449
299.9967 -299.997
-MiB'=
0.22466
366.5682
-366.568
174.345
-163.745
163.745
-509.9553 509.955
MiB'=
15.4449
-299.9967
299.997
0 -0.22466
-366.5682
366.568
0 -174.345
163.745
0 -163.745
509.9553 -509.955
BMiB'=
-3217.152 3217.36
-95.93923
0
107.15
-1
(BMiB') =
0.038921
0.03892
0.03485
0.038918
0.03923
0.03485
0.034849
0.03485
0.04054
-MiB'(BMiB') =
0.008743
0.00881
0.00783
1.492753
1.49266
-2.0845
6.075697
6.0753
7.06711
0.1572
-0.00116
6.085304
Bci =
-6.465455
0.503386
(7 x 3) * (3 x 1) = ( 7 x 1)
-MiB'(BMiB')-1Bci = -0.04
0.60
0.00
-1.62
1.25
0.72
-1.02
C(e)
3.93
8.11
0.49
42.73
52.07
34.64
11.86
C(c )
3.89
8.71
0.49
41.11
53.32
35.36
10.84
Funcin Objetivo
(ci ci ) =
(ci ci ) =
'
-0.043
0.603
0.000
-1.616
1.250
0.722
-1.025
-0.04267 0.6029 0.0002 -1.6161 1.2504 0.7219 -1.0249
-1
Mi = 0.06475
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.0028
0.0092
0.0007
M-1*(C(c )-C) = -0.0009
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0152
0
0
0
0
0
0 4.1649
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.0005
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.0004
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.0008
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.0071
Resultados finales
w1 =
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
Valores de
constantes
calculadas
0.0005
w3 = 0.2008
0.0006
-0.0073
(c-c)' Mi-1(c-c)= 0.0156 Funcin Objetivo Parcial (hoja)
Balance del Zn
Sumatoria total= 0.0552 Celda Objetivo total
0.0552
F.O.
0.0432
F.O.
0.0133
F.O.
Fe
w1 =
w2 =
w3 =
Cu
w1 =
w2 =
w3 =
Zn
w1 =
w2 =
w3 =
-0.96449
4496.8
0.03107
0.0009
F.O.
0.04455
2103.36
0.26831
0.0017
F.O.
0.06669
1.89648
0.14369
1E-13
F.O.
%Cu
0.170
0.410
0.136
0.923
0.656
1.049
0.480
%Fe
12.374
13.772
12.226
14.538
14.531
14.541
14.172
%Zn
3.89
8.71
0.49
41.11
53.32
35.36
10.84
Valores experimentales
%Cu
0.163
0.466
0.140
0.960
0.657
1.020
0.440
%Fe
11.570
14.350
13.090
14.370
14.670
14.660
13.750
%Zn
3.93
8.11
0.49
42.73
52.07
34.64
11.86
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
w3 =
0.2008
Circuito rougher
Conc. Scv
Rel. CL.
Feed (f)
Feed
Rel.Ro
Conc Ro
Feed
Peso
3.63
0.14
1.00
4.76
4.56
0.20
4.76
Ensayes qumicos
%Cu
%Fe
%Zn
0.48
14.17
10.84
1.05
14.54
35.36
0.17
12.37
3.89
0.43
13.80
10.08
0.41
13.77
8.71
0.92
14.54
41.11
0.43
13.80
10.08
Contenido Metalico
Cu
Fe
Zn
0.02
0.51
0.39
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.00
0.12
0.04
0.02
0.66
0.48
0.02
0.63
0.40
0.00
0.03
0.08
0.02
0.66
0.48
Circuito scavenger
Relave Ro
Conc.Scv
Relave Scv
Relave Ro
Peso
4.56
3.63
0.94
4.56
Ensayes qumicos
%Cu
%Fe
%Zn
0.410
13.772
8.713
0.480
14.172
10.835
0.136
12.226
0.490
0.410
13.772
8.713
Contenido Metalico
Cu
Fe
Zn
0.02
0.63
0.40
0.02
0.51
0.39
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.02
0.63
0.40
0.0580
w2 =
1.7147
w3 =
0.1150
Circuito rougher
Conc. Scv
Rel. CL.
Feed (f)
Feed
Rel.Ro
Conc Ro
Feed
Peso
1.715
0.057
1.000
2.772
2.657
0.115
2.772
Ensayes qumicos
%Cu
%Fe
%Zn
0.36
13.07
11.74
0.98
14.75
34.87
0.14
11.26
3.93
0.29
12.45
9.40
0.59
15.41
8.29
1.04
14.19
42.26
0.61
15.36
9.70
Contenido Metalico
Cu
Fe
Zn
0.006
0.224
0.201
0.001
0.008
0.020
0.001
0.113
0.039
0.008
0.345
0.261
0.016
0.409
0.220
0.001
0.016
0.049
0.017
0.426
0.269
CONCLUSIONES
- Para efectuar balances metalrgicos en plantas concentradoras, es necesario contar con experiencia
para realizar un trabajo de garanta.
- La cantidad de puntos de muestreo y las ecuaciones
deben ser elegidas, en funcin a las facilidades de
toma de muestra y la representatividad de ellas.
- Elegir el mejor mtodo que se adece al circuito en
estudio.
- Concluido los clculos efectuar inmediatamente la
interpretacin del balance, por secciones y equipos
(diagnstico).