qAL KC QXC JL D H NL

q WKL WXYQ SLQK SDX DAL KC QAP 22

MQ WKL CO EAQ qAL S
7KL JLDQ OqP EqL SKW
&kX ,
I. Gia su h la mot dng cau vanh tu vanh K vao vanh K

, va A la vanh con cua

vanh G. Chung minh rang h(A) la mot vanh con cua vanh K

.
2. 1rcn tap cc s nguycn Z xt hai php ton xc dinh boi
a b = a + b 1
a b = a + b ab.
Chung minh rang (Z, , ) la mot vanh giao hon c don vi.
&kX ,, 1rong khng gian vc to R
3
xt php bicn di tuycn tnh g xc dinh boi
g(u) = (8x y 5z, 2x + 3y +z, 4x y z) vi u = (x, y, z).
I. 1m cc gi tri ricng va vc to ricng cua g.
2. 1m mot co so ca khng gian R
3
sao cho di vi co so d ma tran B cua php bicn
di g c cc phan tu o pha trcn dung cho chnh bang 0. Vict ma tran B.
&kX ,,, 1rong khng gian vc to Luclidc E xt h vc to {u
1
, . . . , u
n
}, va ma tran
G = ((u
i
, u
j
))
nn
.
Chung minh rang h vc to {u
1
, . . . , u
n
} doc lap tuycn tnh khi va chi khi det G = 0.
&kX ,9 Gia su f la mot dang song tuycn tnh hang r trcn K-khng gian vc to V
n-chiou. Xt cc tap con
V
r
=

y thuoc V : f (x, y) = 0 di vi moi x thuoc V

,
V
l
=

y thuoc V : f (y, x) = 0 di vi moi x thuoc V

.
Chung minh rang V
r
, V
l
la cc khng gian con va dimV
r
= dimV
l
= n r.
a
n
h
n
g
q
va A la
nh K

.
boi
1
b ab.
h giao hon c don vi. don
t php bicn di tuycn tnh i tuycn tnh g xc dinh boi
2x + 3y +z, 4x yy zz)) vi v uu = ( = (x, y, z x, y, ).
a vc to ricng cua cua gg.
khng gian R
3
sao cho di vi co so d ma tran sao cho di vi co so d ma tran BB
an tu o pha trcn dung cho chnh bang cn dung cho chnh ba 0. Vict Vic
g khng gian vc to Luclidc khng gian vc to Luc E xt h vc to t h v {u
1
G = (( = ((uu
ii
, u , u
j
))
nn
.
ung minh rang h vc to {{uu
11
, . . . , u , .
nn
}} doc lap tuy
&kX ,9 Gia su su ff la mot dang song tuycn tnh la mot dang song
n-chiou. Xt cc tap con Xt cc tap con
VV
rr
VVV =

y thuoc uoc V : f (x,

VV
ll
VVV ==

yy thuoc thu V : f (
Chung minh rang ng minh ran VV
r
V , V
l
V la cc
qAL KC QXC JL D H NL
q WKL WXYQ SLQK SDX DAL KC QAP 22
MQ WKL CO EAQ qAL S
7KL JLDQ OqP EqL SKW
&kX ,
I. Gia su h la mot dng cau tu nhm G vao nhm G

, va H la nhm con cua nhm

G. Chung minh rang h(H) la mot nhm con cua nhm G

.
2. Xt nh xa f tu nhm tuycn tnh tng qut GL(n, R) vao nhm nhan R

cc s
thuc khc 0 xc dinh boi f(A) = det A. Chung minh rang f la mot toan cau.
Xc dinh nhm con f(O(n)), vi O(n) la nhm cc ma tran truc giao.
&kX ,,
I. Gia su L la mot khng gian con p-chiou cua khng gian vc to Luclidc E n-chiou.
Chung minh rang tap
L

= {x E : (x, y) = 0, y L},
la mot khng gian con (n p)-chiou va E = L

.
2. Xt khng gian con L cua khng gian vc to Luclidc R
4
sinh boi h vc to u
1
=
(1, 0, 2, 1), u
2
= (2, 1, 2, 3), u
3
= (0, 1, 2, 1). Xc dinh mot co so truc chun
cua khng gian con L

.
&kX ,,, Vct cua ma tran A cap n trcn trung K la tng cc phan tu trcn dung cho
chnh, duoc ky hiu la Tr(A). Chung minh rang
I. Tr(AB) = Tr(BA).
2. Vct cua ma tran cua mot php bicn di tuycn tnh khng phu thuoc vao vic chon
co so cua khng gian.
&kX ,9
I. Hang cua ma tran A = (a
ij
)
mn
duoc ky hiu la r(A). Chung minh rang
r(A+B) r(A) +r(B).
2. 1nh r(A) vi A = (min{i, j})
mn
.
a
n
h
n
g
q
a nhm
G

.
R) vao nhm nhan han R
g minh rang ff la mot toan c la mot to
m cc ma tran truc giao. truc giao.
hiou cua khng gian vc to Luclidc g gian vc to Luclidc E n E n-chiou..
{x E : (x, y) = 0 0,, yy LL}},
(n p)-chiou va u va EE == L

.
n L cua khng gian vc to Luclidc g gian vc to Luclidc RR
4
sinh boi h sinh boi h
= (2, 1, 2, 3), uu
33
= (0 = (0,, 1, 2, 1) ). Xc dinh mot . Xc dinh mot
an con L

.
ct cua ma tran ua ma tran AA cap n trcn trung trcn trung KK la tng c
uoc ky hiu la Tr( Tr(AA)). Chung minh rang g minh ran
Tr(AB) = Tr(BA).
2. Vct cua ma tran cua mot php bicn di tuy a ma tran cua mot php bi
co so cua khng gian. o cua khng gian
&kX ,9
I. Hang cua ma tran I. Hang cua ma tran A = (a
ij
)
2. 1nh 2. rr(A) vi A