qAL KC QXC JL D H NL

q WKL WXYQ SLQK SDX DAL KC QAP 28

MQ WKL CO EAQ qAL S
7KL JLDQ OqP EqL SKW
&kX ,
I. Chung minh rang tch cc dng cau vanh la mot dng cau vanh.
2. Xt dng cau nhm f : G G

. Chung to rang ncu G la mot nhm giao hon

th Im(f) cung la mot nhm giao hon.. Cho mot v du chung to diou nguoc lai
ni chung khng dung.
&kX ,,
I. Gia su L la khng gian con cua khng gian vc to R
3
sinh boi h vc to
{u
1
= (2, 3, 5) , u
2
= (3, 7, 8) , u
3
= (1, 6, 1)} .
Vi gi tri nao cua tham s a th vc to u = (7, 1, a) thuoc khng gian con L.
2. Chung minh rang trong khng gian cc ham s thuc licn tuc C (a, b) h vc to
{1, cos x, cos
2
x, ..., cos
n
x} doc lap tuycn tnh.
&kX ,,, Xt ma tran thuc di xung
A =

3 2 0
2 4 2
0 2 5

.
1m ma tran truc giao Q sao cho Q
T
AQ la ma tran dung cho. Vict ma tran dung
cho d.
&kX ,9 Gia su u la mot vc to cua khng gian Luclid E.
I. Chung minh rang vi mi vc to x thuoc E c thc bicu dicn duy nhat dui dang
x = au +v trong d vc to v truc giao vi vc to u.
2. Cho E = R
4
, u = (2, 1, 0, 2), x = (1, 1, 1, 1). 1nh a va v.
anh.
G la mot nhm g
v du chung to diou ngu diou
gian vc to R
3
sinh boi h vc to sinh boi h vc
2
= (3, 7, 8) , uu
3
= (1 (1,, 6, 1)} .
a th vc to u = (7, 11, a , a)) thuoc khng gian con thuoc khng g
g khng gian cc ham s thuc licn tuc cc ham s thuc licn tuc C (a, bb)) h
cos
n
x} doc lap tuycn tnh. p tuycn tnh
an thuc di xung
A ==

3 2 0 0
2 4 2
00 2 5 2

.
ma tran truc giao Q sao cho ao cho Q
T
AQ AQ la ma tran
ho d.
&kX ,9 Gia su Gia s u la mot vc to cua khng gia a mot vc to cua
I. Chung minh rang vi mi vc to hung minh rang vi m x
x = au ++vv trong d vc to trong d v tr
2. Cho 2. Cho E = R
44
, uu = (2, 1, 0
qAL KC QXC JL D H NL
q WKL WXYQ SLQK SDX DAL KC QAP 28
MQ WKL CO EAQ qAL S
7KL JLDQ OqP EqL SKW
&kX , 1rong nhm G xt nh xa h : G G xc dinh boi h(a) = a
1
, a G.
Chung minh rang nh xa h la mot tu dang cau khi va chi khi G la mot nhm Abcn.
&kX ,, 1rong khng gian vc to Luclidc R
4
xt khng gian con L cho boi h phuong
trnh

2x
1
+x
2
+ x
3
+ 3x
4
= 0
3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
+x
4
= 0
x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
9x
4
= 0
I. 1m s chiou va mot co so cua phan bu truc giao L

cua khng gian con L.

2. Cho vc to x = (7, 4, 1, 2). 1m vc to y L, z L

sao cho x = y +z.

&kX ,,, Xt nh xa tuycn tnh g : R
4
R
3
duoc cho boi
g((x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
)) = (x
1
2x
2
+x
4
, x
1
+x
3
x
4
, 2x
2
+x
3
2x
4
).
I. 1m dimKer g, dimImg.
2. Vi gi tri nao cua tham s a th vc to y = (1, 2, a) thuoc khng gian con
Img.
&kX ,9 Gia su f la mot php bicn di tuycn tnh luy linh bac n tuc la f
n1
= 0,
f
n
= 0) trong K-khng gian vc to V . Chung minh rang
I. Ncu x V : f
k
(x) = 0 th h vc to {x, f(x), . . . , f
k
(x)} doc lap tuycn tnh.
2. n dimV .
3. Ncu n = dimV th da thuc dac trung cua php bicn di f c dang p() =
(1)
n

n
.
a
n
h
n
g
q
mot
on L cho boi
= 0
x
4
= 0
u truc giao L

cua khng gian con cua khng gian co LL..

1m vc to y LL, z LL

sao cho x = y +z.

g : R
4
R
3
duoc cho boi o boi
= (x
1
2x
2
++xx
4
, xx
11
++xx
3
x
4
, 22xx
2
+x
3
22
dimImg.
nao cua tham s na a th vc to c to yy = ( = (1, 2, a) th
Gia su f la mot php bicn di tuycn tnh luy l mot php bicn di tuyc
0) trong K-khng gian vc to gian v V . Chung minh ra Chu
I. Ncu x VV :: ff
k
(x) = 0 th h vc to th h v {x, f
2. n dim dimV .
3. Ncu cu nn = dim = V th da thuc dac th da
(1)
n

nn
.