Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

1 Gii thiu v lch s khn hoang min Nam:

Vic khn hoang min Nam ban u ch do mt s dn t do di c t min Bc v min Trung vo y tm t lp nghip m khng c s can thip hay t chc no ca triu nh nh Nguyn. Ch t nm 1698, cha Nguyn Phc Chu c Nguyn Hu Cnh vo kinh dch (t chc vic qun l hnh chnh, kinh t, x hi) th t ng Ph (vng t Bin Ha Gia nh ngy nay) mi bt u chu s cai tr ca nh Nguyn. Khi , dn s y c hn 10.000 h vi 200.000 dn khu. khuyn khch dn y mnh khai hoang, nh Nguyn tha nhn quyn t hu t ai ca nhng ngi c cng khai ph t hoang.V th, mc d t ai trn danh ngha l u l ti sn ca nh vua nhng trn thc t th li thuc quyn t hu ca nng dn hay in ch ch khng thuc quyn s hu tp trung ca nh vua nh ti min Bc hay min Trung. Ch t th k XVIII tr i, khi chnh quyn nh Nguyn t chc nhng t di c ln, c binh lnh thc hin, hay do dn c vt lc chiu m i khn hoang lp n in th tnh trng di dn t do khai hoang mi khng cn d dng nh trc na. Lch s khn hoang min Nam c th chia lm 3 giai on chnh, l: 1.1. Giai on 1: t th k XVI 1698: Cuc khai khoang ny do tng nhm nh di dn ngi Vit min Bc, min Trung i l t vo theo hai hng ng bin v ng b v dng li min ng khai khn nhng vng t cao ven sng, ni c nc ngt hay nhng vng gip ranh con nc gia ngt mn sinh hot v trng trt. 1.2. Giai on 2: t 1698 n cui th k XVIII: Khn hoang do nhn dn t tin hnh: Trong giai on ny, hnh thc khai hoang l l vn tip tc v chim t l cao nht trong cc quyt nh khai hoang ca nh Nguyn (52,3%). Lc by gi, dn di c t min Ng Qung (Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Qung c, tc Tha Thin Hu ngy nay) tip tc vo Tin Giang khn hoang. Bn cnh , cn c lc lng khn hoang ti ch. l ngi dn ti cc thn p ln dn vo nhng ni cn hoang ha khai ph trit ngun li t ai ti a phng v m rng din tch canh tc. Ngoi ra, do thin nhin khc nghit, dch bnh, chin tranh khin mt b phn dn c buc phi ri b lng c n nhng a phng khc khai hoang. mt s lng th c dn ch cn mt na, phi b sung ti hp. Khai hoang theo quy ch xy dng n in ca cha Nguyn:
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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Ngoi phng thc di c l t vo khai hoang, cha Nguyn cho trin khai chng trnh n in Nam B, vi hai loi n in l n in qun s v n in dn s. l vic khai hoang, lp n in ca binh lnh quan li v dn c vt lc (tc k giu c) chiu m t ng Trong vo lp nn nhng in sn ln. Ngoi ra, cha Nguyn cn cho php mt b phn cc quan li nh Minh khng chu khut phc nh Mn Thanh sang cu vin nh Nguyn xin t nn lm n vo min Nam khai hoang. Vic khn hoang ca h lc u ch yu phc v cho vic tn ti v sau xy dng ch ba, ph x, th, y mnh vic mua bn, pht trin cc vng C Lao Ph, Nng Ni i ph v Cng Mang Khm (H Tin) sm ut pht t mt thi. Khu vc khn hoang l nhng vng t ph sa tt, t ging ven sng, t c lao theo nhu cu m rng t ai ng Trong, phc quc v cng c quc gia. Cc vng nc ngp su vo ma ma, t qu phn, rng Sc, vng ngi Min tp trung th trn nguyn tc nguyn vn (Rch Gi, Sc Trng, Tr Vinh, Chu c). Ti giai on ny, cc trn Bin Ha, Gia nh, nh Tng v Vnh Thanh c thnh lp. 1.3. Giai on 3: thi cc vua triu Nguyn trong th k XIX (1802 1883): T cui i Gia Long n cui i Minh Mng: Sau khi thng Ty Sn, ln ngi vua nm 1802, Nguyn nh Gia Long tip tc y mnh cng cuc khn hoang ng bng sng Cu Long, c bit l cc cng trnh o knh ln nh knh Rch Gi H Tin, knh Vnh T Vic y mnh tc khn hoang ca Nh Nguyn gm 4 mc tiu sau y: M rng din tch rung t, tng sn lng lng thc, ng thi tng thm ngun thu t thu cho triu nh. Bo m quyn thng tr ca triu nh trn vng t mi, phng v khng ch s xm lc ca qun Xim. ng thi m bo vic tr an a phng nht l vng bin gii pha Ty, thng c qun Xim quy ph v trnh dn bn a vng Ba Xuyn Tnh Bin ti ni dy chng nh Nguyn. Gii quyt mt phn lng thc cho qun i. Pht trin giai cp a ch lm ch da cho chnh quyn nh Nguyn Nam B. Do nhu cu xc nh vng bin gii Vit Min nn chnh quyn tip tc thnh lp v pht trin cc n in qun s, dn t cc n in dn s c trng tp v b sung vo qun s ca a phng nhm mc ch quc phng. V th, n in dn s khng c ch trng v ngy cng gim thiu. Ngoi vic khai hoang, sn xut, lnh hay dn n in cn phi din tp qun s mt nm hai ln.

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Nm 1820, vua Minh Mng tip tc duy tr v pht trin chnh sch n in Nam B, cc n in c qun s ha trit . Tuy ch trng pht trin mnh n in qun s, nhng v sau, Minh Mnh vn cho php n in dn s c thnh lp, m lc lng ch yu l dn inh. Vi loi n in ny, nh nc ch cho vay vn, thc ging, nng c, tru b v sau mt thi gian, dn n in phi tr li cho nh nc. n cui thi Minh Mng, mt s ni Nam K, nng dn ni ln chng triu nh phong kin. V th, Minh Mng phi tp trung qun, trong c binh lnh n in i ph, gy nh hng n ngun lc ca n in, khin vic sn xut n in b xo trn v ngng tr. ng thi, Minh Mng cng c ch trng ly rung t ca n in cp cho nng dn gia tng ngun thu cho triu nh. Do , chnh sch n in gp khng hong nghim trng. Cui nm 1840, cc loi n in qun s, dn s v n in do t phm cy cy u c gii tn. T i Thiu Tr ti i T c: Nm 1841, di thi Thiu Tr, ton b n in Nam K u khng cn tn ti, cc n in vng Tin Giang c giao cho nng dn ti canh tc np thu cho nh nc. Nhng n thi T c, do nhiu t ai Nam K b b hoang, chnh sch n in i vi Nam K c phc hi tr li, v u l n in qun s. khuyn khch nhn dn y mnh tc thnh lp n in, T c ban hnh nhng bin php tng i thng thong nh min gim thu, cho php m dn lp n in k c t phm, khen thng bng chc tc, phm hm, vt cht cho nhng ngi c thnh tch trong vic lp n in. Nh vy, nm 1854, c thm nhiu n in c thnh lp. Trc khi thc dn Php xm chim Nam K (1859), Tin Giang c tng cng 6 c n in trong s 17 c ton Nam K. Cng cuc khn hoang o knh pht trin nng nghip Nam B di thi nh Nguyn ni ln 3 c im ng ch sau: Triu inh c i quan trc tip thc hin. pht trin nng nghip, nh Nguyn xy dng nhiu cng trnh thy li quy m ln bng h thng knh mng nhn to. Bn cnh lc lng tiu nng v qun lnh quan li triu nh, lc lng dn c vt lc chiu m ngi ngho i khai hoang lp p ngy cng nhiu do chnh sch khen thng khch l tch cc ca triu inh, to ra tng lp in ch mi ng c, a n

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

tnh trng tranh ginh, kim tnh, chim ot rung t, lm cho qu trnh tp trung tch t rung t bt u vi nhng in ch ln c in trang, in sn mnh mng. giai on khn hoang ny, cng cuc khai hoang pht trin nng nghip Nam B t c nhng thnh qu to ln m ch yu l m rng thm ng bng min Ty. Qua ba giai on khai hoang trn 300 nm ln lt hnh thnh 5 trung tm pht trin nng nghip xung quanh nhng trung tm th sm ut. 2 c im t nhin x hi ca vng t khn hoang: 2.1. c im t nhin: Vng t min Nam xa kia l t ca nc Chn Lp nhng t nhiu nm trc rt ng ngi dn Vit ng Trong b di t min Trung khc nghit vo khai hoang, khn t lm rung m khng gp mt s cn tr no. V vy, dn Vit cng ngy cng x vo vng t mi lm n sinh sng. Trc khi ngi Vit n khai ph th vng t Nam B l mt vng t cn hoang vu, rng rm, ng hoang, do c nhiu loi th d nh cp, voi, heo rng, c su, rn honh hnh khp mi ni, l mi e da i vi nhng ngi khai doing. Mc d thin nhin Nam B c xem l thun li hn ng Ngoi nh sng rch chng cht, ngun nc y , kh hu iu ha, t ai bng phng, ph nhiu nhng cng khng phi l khng c kh khn. Vng ven bin G Cng thng b bo t honh hnh v khan him nc ngt. Trong khi , vng ng Thp Mi t b nhim phn v l lt hng nm khin cho sn xut v cuc sng gp nhiu gian nan, vt v. V sau, khi nh Nguyn cho y mnh cng cuc khn hoang Nam B th nhiu cng trnh giao thng, thy li c xy dng nh kinh Vng G, kinh Vnh T Nh vy, khng nhng trong di chuyn c thun li hn m cn to iu kin cho vic pht trin nng nghip v bun bn, gp phn thc y tin trnh khai hoang c nhanh chng. Giao thng ng b by gi l th yu, ch yu ngi dn ni y lu thng bng ng thy. 2.2. c im x hi: Khi nghin cu v Nam B, d nhn thy din mo vn ha ht sc c sc ca Nam B biu hin ra ch, mt mt, xut hin nhng hin tng, nhng c im ring c Nam B, khng thy bt c vng min no, nhng mt khc, nhng hin tng, nhng c im y vn l s tip ni, hn na, cn l mt s tip ni lm su sc, lm phong ph thm truyn thng vn ho Vit. Ci c sc y l do Nam B i u trong tip xc vn ha, xt trong tng quan vi c nc.

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Do chin tranh gia cc tp on phong kin (chin tranh gia nh Mc v nh L Trnh; chin tranh Trnh Nguyn), s bc lt n kit qu ca bn quan li v a ch, cng thm mt ma, thin tai, i km, dch bnh nn cuc sng ca nhn dn lao ng ng Ngoi ngy cng cc kh. Trc tnh hnh , h ch cn con ng l i dn vo phng Nam tm kim mt cuc sng d chu hn. Phn ln lu dn vo Nam lp nghip c ngun gc Trung v Nam Trung B, nht l cc a phng Thun Ha, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Quy Nhn. Ngoi ra, cng c mt s t t ng bng Bc B, Thanh Ha, Ngh An, H Tnh. X hi ti vng t ny lc by gi lun bt n v nn gic cp. Ngi dn khai hoang phi hc v t v. Bn cnh , th trong gic ngoi l mi e da khng nh i vi ngi khai hoang. Qun Xim thng a qun quy ph, cp bc dn ta. Ngoi ra, dch bnh cng l mi nguy e da nhng ngi dn i khai hoang, nhiu trn dch ln git hng lot ngi dn khai hoang. D cho vng t mi c nhng kh khn nghit ng nhng vn khng ngn c bc chn ca nhng dng ngi i khai hoang t ng Ngoi vo tm t mi. Nh s cn c, bn b, sng to, tinh thn tng thn tng i trong lao ng ca nhng ngi i khai hoang cng vi mt s chnh sch, bin php khn hoang ca chnh quyn nh Nguyn nn n cui th k XVIII, din mo vng t Nam B c thay i mt cch c bn, to iu kin cho vic m rng a bn khai ph v pht trin nng nghip. Cuc sng ca c dn vng t mi ngy cng c n nh v sn xut nng nghip t c nhng kt qu kh quan. Ni y t mt vng t hoang vu tr thnh ni cung cp la go ch yu cho c min Trung, thm ch cn xut khu ra nc ngoi, nht l th trng Trung Quc. Cng lc vi qu trnh khai hoang v pht trin sn xut, lu dn ngi Vit xc tin vic thit lp thn p. Vi np sinh hot x hi c t chc qu hng m c trng chung l tnh cng ng v tinh thn tng thn tng i. Lc u, cc xm lng c hnh thnh dc theo tuyn sng rch, nhng ni iu kin sn xut v i sng ca c dn c m bo. Cc chm xm ny mang tnh t tr, chnh quyn cha c nhng quy nh nghim ngt v lut l nn thng d hp, d tan, tc l ni no lm n, sinh sng d dng th c dn li, ni no kh khn th b i ni khc, tm mt mnh t mi, thun li hn. Vo th k XVII XVIII, y mnh tc khai hoang, qun l c dn v thu thu, chnh quyn cha Nguyn cho thnh lp tri, mn, nu. y l nhng n v hnh chnh c s m chnh quyn cha Nguyn lp ra nhng vng t mi khai hoang. Sau khi dn c cc n v hnh chnh ny ng ln v n nh s c lp thnh thn x. Bn cnh s hin din ca thn, cn c phng, p.
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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Bn cnh nhng lu dn ngi Vit i m ci, th ngay t thi k u ca cng cuc khai ph nhng th k XVII XVII, h cn c dp tip xc vi nhiu dn tc, nhiu vn ha nh Khmer, Hoa, Chm, n nn to cho ngi dn ni y mt c tnh c bit. l u c ci m, thc dng, sn sng tip thu ci mi. V th, khi tip thu c mi, ngi Nam B d dng chp nhn, bao dung v hi nhp. Trong cng cuc tip xc vi vn ha phng Ty cui th k XIX u th k XX, Nam B cng i trc c nc. Nh dn u v tip xc vn ha, Nam B tr thnh u tu cho c nc trong i mi vn ha. Chnh t min t ny, nhng cuc cch tn khi pht, sau lan ra c nc: sn xut hng ha ln v thng mi quc t, vn hc quc ng, mc (u phc), m nhc (tn nhc, ci lng), ngh in v xut bn, ngh bo v c n ung. Hin nay, Nam B l ni c tr ca ngi Vit v cc tc ngi thiu s l c dn bn a: Sting, Chrau, M, hoc di dn: Khmer, Hoa, Chm, Ty, Nng, Mng, Th... Ngi Sting c tr Bnh Phc, Bnh Dng, Ty Ninh, Lm ng, k Lk, Trung B. Chnh s giao thoa gia cc nn vn ha khc nhau m vng t ny hnh thnh nhng c im vn ha nh sau: Qu trnh giao lu v tip bin vn ho din ra rt nhanh. Ngi Vit tip thu chic bp c rn dng cho vic nu n trn t m ca ngi Khmer. Vn t ca cc tc ngi c vay mn. Tip thu cc mn n ca cc dn tc khc. Sm tip nhn nn vn ho ca phng Ty nn nn vn ho Nam B c nhng nt c trng ring. Din mo tn gio tn ngng Nam B l a dng v phc tp nh: Pht gio, Cng gio, Tin lnh, Cao i, Ho Ho..do c th tn ngng ca tng tn gio nn nt vn ho trong n ung cng khc nhau. 3 c im m thc khn hoang Nam b Do c im a hnh v sinh hot kinh t, vn ha Nam B nh hnh nn vn minh sng nc, ngun lng thc - thc phm chnh l la, c v rau qu k c cc loi rau ng, rau rng. T s phong ph, d dt y m tri sut qu trnh khai hoang dng nghip, mn n, thc ung hng ngy ca ngi Nam B cho d trong hon cnh no, thiu thn m bc, hay y nga ngu, h khng th khng khm ph v sng to nhiu phng thc nui trng, nh bt ch bin v s ming ngon mt cch c bi bn t nhng c sn ca a phng.
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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

3.1.

Khu v ca ngi Nam B:

Ngi Nam B c khu v rt c bit, l g ra ny. Mn th phi mn quo li, n cay th phi cay x li, ngt th phi ngt ngy, bo th bo ngy, ng th phi ng nh mt, cn nng th phi nng hi va thi va n Khu v ca ngi Nam B quyt lit nh vy chnh l du n m nt ca thi khn hoang. Thu y, nhng ngi i khai hoang mt mt phi ra sc khng ch thin nhin khc nghit, thng xuyn ng u vi th d, mt mt phi phc v xy dng cc cng trnh knh rch nn phi tay lm hm nhai. Trong khi , thi k u khn hoang, go rt khan him, cho nn h khng dm hoang ph lm vi vi, v h bit rng do thm mt ht ng cay mun phn. Vi phong cch thng thc ma no thc ny v quan nim n sng, c dng cht ti to sc lao ng, nhng ngi lu dn rt sng to trong vic phi hp cc yu cu cao nht ca ming n: thm, ngon, b, khe. Cu ni n c ng c l tin rt c ngi Nam B quan tm, xem trng, cho nn ngi vo bn n, khi ch nh gii thiu mn no, d l c tht hay rau qu, k c ru, h thng nhc ni: n mn ny b xng, hoc tr suy dinh dng, b gan, b phi...; ru thuc ny gii quyt c bnh t bi nhc mi; trng dng, b thn... V sau, khi tnh hnh dn c, canh tc i vo n nh th t ai ph nhiu nn la go d tha, sng rch y c tm nn ngi lu dn c cuc sng ung dung, thoi mi, khng thch tch tr dnh. Cuc sng to cho h mt tm hn cht phc, mt cuc sng bnh d, an nhn, khng cn ngh n ngy mai. V iu kin vt cht tr ph, d di y hun c cho ngi dn ni y mt tnh cch rng ri, hiu khch. Khi khch n nh, thy khch n nhiu, ngon ming th ch nh khng th khng cm thy sung sng, hi lng. Nay tuy Nam B qua ri giai on gian kh , khu v ca h cng theo xu th n sang mc p m thay i: lt hn, ngt hn, nhng nhng mn n ghi m du n thi khn hoang vn hy cn m i biu l c lc nng trui, rn nng lo, mm kho, mm sng... Ngi Nam B chng nhng khng mc cm m cn t ho, pht huy nhc nh ci ngun, tri n ngi m ci. Nu nhng mn n c o y vn tn ti, vn hin din trong ba cm gia nh v c trong nh hng sang trng th khu v v cung cch thng thc c hu ca ngi Nam B vn c bo lu. 3.2. Cch ch bin mn n: Cch ch bin cng rt a dng v c sc: mm sng, mm kho, mm chng, lu mm, bn mm... T cc ngun nguyn liu thu sn ny kt hp vi cc loi rau tri phong ph, ngi Nam B s dng cc k thut nu nng khc nhau nh nng, hp, chng, luc, kho, xo, kh, mm... ch bin ra cc loi mn n khc nhau vi nhng hng v c o. Rt nhiu mn n bnh dn nhng hp dn: canh chua c ko,

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

chut ng xo s t, cho c rau ng, c lc hp bu, bn mm ng Thp, bnh canh Trng Bng,... Bn cnh , mi a phng li c nhng c sn ni ting ca mnh. Ty Ninh c bnh canh Trng Bng, bnh trng Trng Bng... Long An c da hu Long Tr, da Bn Lc, ru np G en... ng Thp c bnh phng tm Sa Giang, nem Lai Vung, qut hng Lai Vung, chut ng Cao Lnh, sen... Tr Vinh c cm dp trn da kiu Khmer, cc mn ung nh ung ch l, ung t, ung da, mm ri, ru Xun Thnh, bnh tt, bnh trng ba xe, mm kho, bn nc lo, ln um l cch, c chy Cu Quan, tm cng nu lu chua cm m, chut ng kha nc da, vp chong nng li, bnh xo, bnh ng, bnh canh Bn C... Sc Trng c bnh pa, lp xng, bn nc lo, bnh cng i Tm (M Xuyn), b nng ngi M Xuyn, bn xo Thnh Tr, bn gi gi... Hu Giang c khm Cu c (V Thanh), bi Nm Roi (Chu Thnh), c tht lt mnh trng (Long M)... Kin Giang c nc mm Ph Quc, ru sim, bnh tm b, tm kh,phng mc, bn c, tiu, xi H Tin, bn nc lo... C Mau c mm lc U Minh, ba kha Rch Gc (Ngc Hin), s huyt Bi Bi (Ngc Hin), tm kh Bi Hp (Nm Cn), Cha tnh n vic ng dng m - dng hay v thuc ca cc loi rau trong c cu ba n, nhng ngi dn Nam b s dng nhiu rau v ngy trc th sn v hi sn nhiu v s k, nhng loi thc vt l c th n c (gi chung l rau) ngy cng nhiu, v vy, rau chim mt v tr quan trng nht nh trong c cu ba n Nam b. V min Ty n ba cm m bc vi cc loi rau, bn s nh mi hng thm, v chua, cay, ng ca n, khi v chn th thnh nhng mn n li tr thnh nhng mn ngon khng phi ni no cng c c. m thc ca ngi Nam B cng theo truyn thng bo m cn bng m dng v theo quy lut ng hnh tng sinh tng khc ca ngi Vit ni chung. Tuy nhin, do iu kin a l c th v giao lu tip bin vn ho, c cu ba n thng thng ca ngi Vit ni y c iu chnh thnh cm - canh - rau - tm c. cn bng vi kh hu nng nc, ngi Vit ni y rt chung n canh, v do tip bin cc mn canh chua ca ngi Khmer, nn cc mn canh chua Nam B cc k phong ph. Do ngun thu sn di do, thnh phn thu sn nh c, tm, cua, ra, rn, nghu, s, c, hn, ln... gi vai tr quan trng trong c cu ba n. Cng do mi trng lm tm c, nn cc loi mm ni y phong ph hn hn cc vng min khc: mm c lc, mm c sc, mm c linh, mm tm chua, mm ri, mm cng, mm ba kha, mm ruc, mm nm... Thi khn hoang, do ngi i khai hoang khng c thi gian chm cht cho ba n ca mnh, v vy, h bt cua, c, ra, rn cng cc loi rau c v chua, cht c sn xung quanh l c mt ba ngon lnh. V d nh mn C lc nng t st, ngi
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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

ta thng ch bin khi t rm ngoi ng sau v gt, nhn tin ly t st p quanh con c va bt, nm vo la rm chng no la tn th ly ra, chm mui, n km vi cc loi rau ng. Ni canh ngt l mt v d tng t, ngi ta ch cn b con c vo nu cho ngt nc, ra sau vn hi my cng bc h, qu c chua, t cng hnh l c mt ni canh nng hi, thm lng. 3.3. Ni n: V ni n, vi nhng ba cm thng ngy trong gia nh th ty iu kin khng gian cn nh rng hay hp m b tr hp l: hoc trn bn, hoc ngay trn sn nh. Nu l bn thn r nhau nhu chi th c th tri m di gc cy trong sn vn hay ngoi ng, ty thch. Nhng khi nh c m tic th khng xu xa m by bin c bn rt nghim chnh trong tinh thn qu trng khch mi, to nn nt vn ha rt ring m cng rt chung, hi ha gia phong tc truyn thng vi c im vn minh vng sng nc, tng bc hon thin nn vn ha m thc c o. c o v bit tn dng, khai thc v ch bin ca tri cho mt cch kp thi theo n v tnh thi gian l thng, ngy thm ch gi. Tht ng nh th nu ai vng u ngun, c vic phi i xa nhm vo thng c mm hoc c linh non xut hin th nh phi chu nhn, v sau chng mt thng c mm ln thnh c cm, c linh non cng th. Hoc trong mt nm mi c c my ngy c ra (nc trn ng git cn, c rt xung kinh, mng ra sng), nu ngi sng ngh nh bt thy sn khng chun b kp mi vic chn bt c th xem nh nm y b tht thu ngun li ln. Rau tri cng khng khc. c bit i vi rau, nh bng in in, rau da, rau mung... nu hi mun, t lc tri tra nng n chiu s khng gin, mt ngon, chc nng kch thch thm n, ngn chng lo ha ca rau do cng b gim rt ng k. Hi trc 1945, nhiu gia nh kh gi cn duy tr kiu lt chiu, ngi n trn t, c l theo nh hng ngi Chm. Kiu n trn b vn, ngi xp bng gn nh chng cn thy gia nh trung lu min qu. Ngi trn b vn th phi theo t th xp bng, quen thi nn khi ngi trn gh d mi chn. V li, b vn ngy nay t tin, i-vng th qu nh hp. Ni n vn ha m thc Nam B m khng nhc n ming tru l c mt s thiu st, bi chnh l nt ln mang tnh truyn thng chung nht ca dn tc Vit Nam trn c ba min. Tht vy ming tru t hng nghn nm, n vn c dn tc ta c bit qu trng, bi Tru cau l ngha, thuc xa l tnh cho nn trong giao tip ngi ta lun trnh trng t n v tr u cu chuyn, k c chuyn hn nhn quan trng nht i ca mt ngi. Tru l thc n m nt vn ha v rt c trng, nh hnh v i vo cuc sng nh mt th nhu yu phm. Theo tro lu tin ha v t gc nhn thm m hin i, ming tru khng th khng t nhin b o thi dn, nhng trong tm thc ngi Nam B, ming tru vn li du n vn ha phong tc rt tt p, rt ng trn trng. n tru th c th ngi nhai mt mnh gii khuy, nhng khi ung th hu nh bao gi cng phi tr tam ru t, c ngha ru, tr ch l phng tin nhm bt chuyn
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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

bn lun vic i, thi s, lm n, hoc th hin tnh cm ch t thy ai ngi ung mt mnh. 3.4. Cch n: Tuy tip xc vi Ty Phng t cui th k th 19, ngi Vit vn bo lu cch n cm vi a, nu cn chan hoc hp th dng mung ring hoc cng cng. Nc mm thng chm chung mt chn cho nhiu ngi trong khi ngi Hoa rt k dng ci mung cong cong, tha h thc a ca nhiu ngi trong t canh, nhng chan hp th mi ngi mt mung ring. 3.5. Nguyn liu ch bin: Cn c vo ngun gc c im v qu trnh ch bin cc nguyn liu, ta c th phn thnh my loi chnh nh sau: a) ng vt: Cc loi thy hi sn: rt phong ph v chng loi v thnh phn ca cc loi thc phm cng rt khc nhau: Cc loi c: bao gm c nc ngt nh c chp, c r, c lc v cc loi c nc mn nh c thu, c chim, c song, c nc, c chch Thnh phn dinh dng ca cc loi c tng ng vi tht. Hm lng protein tng i cao vi t l acid amin cn i, c nhiu lysine. Protein ch yu c trong c l albumin, globulin. T chc lin kt thp v m phn phi u gn nh khng c elastin nn protein ca c d ng ha v hp thu hn tht. Cc loi tm: tm t, tm he, tm cng l ngun nguyn liu c hm lng Ca v P kh cao. Ngoi ra, cn c cc loi thy sn nh nghu, s, c cng l nhng ngun thc phm qu gi cung cp dinh dng cho con ngi. Bn cnh , ch l loi ng vt sng di nc, c dng ch bin cc mn n c sn. Tht gia sc: Cc loi tht nh heo, b, d, th, c hm lng nc ln (t 74 78%), nu nu chn hm lng nc trong tht s gim i mt na. Tht gia sc cha nhiu cht bo v m, tht heo c dng ph bin nht v ch bin thnh nhiu loi thc n. Tht gia cm v thy cm: nh g, vt, ngan, ngng. So vi tht gia sc, tht gia cm c th tht mm, non, v ngon v d tiu ha hn. Trng: c trng g, vt, ngan, ngng, dng ph bin nhiu l trng vt v trng g. Trng cha nhiu m, m, mui v c, d tiu ho, do trong ch bin phi

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

hp vi cc loi nguyn liu khc s lm thnh phn dinh dng cao, thc n thm hon thin. Ph tng cc loi gia sc, gia cm: no, tim, gan, bu dc, li rt phong ph v hnh thi mi v v hm lng vitamin A, B nht l trong gan cc loi ng vt. Chng c th c ch bin thnh nhiu mn n. Sa: c sa b, d, hm lng dinh dng tng i y , l ngun cung cp mt s acid amin m lng thc khng c. M ng vt: thng dng m ln, b, d, g, vt c sn: cc loi nguyn liu sn lng t, khai thc kh khn, dinh dng cao, gi thnh t. Hu ht l sn ho, hi v nh t yn, gn hu, hi sm, vy c

b) Thc vt: Lng thc: c go, ng, khoai, sn...l ngun thc n thng dng v cung cp dinh dng ch yu ca nhn dn ta hng ngy. Cc loi u ht: c u xanh, u en, u nnh, u a, u vn...va c th lm thc n trc tip, va c th ch bin thnh cc sn phm khc nh u ph, gi ... Loi rau: c hai loi rau dng ti v rau dng kh. o Rau ti: Rau n l: c rau ci, rau ngt, mng ti, rau dn ... Rau n thn: c rau mung, dc mng, ng sen ... Rau n c, r: c su ho, c rt, c ci, c dn ... Rau n qu: c chua, bu b, da chut Rau n hoa: hoa l, hoa chui, hoa thin l, hoa in in ... Rau n bp: mng, gi, rau mm ... Rau mc bin: rong bin, rau cu ... o Rau kh: c nm hng, mc nh, mng kh, c ci kh, Cc loi du m: c du lc, du vng, du ht ci, c tc dng cung cp nhit lng, tng mi thm ca thc n. Ngoi ra cn c hng ngun gc thc vt nh hng hoa bi, ht tiu, qu chi, inh hng, tho qu. c) Khong vt: Trong ch bin thc n, nguyn liu gc khong vt khng nhiu, ch yu c mui, ngoi ra cn mt t dim tiu, phn chua mui bao gm mui bin, mui ging, mui m, mui h l nguyn liu iu v chnh trong nu nng. 2.2.2 Dng c ch bin:

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Tu thuc vo tng mn n m s dng cc dng c ch bin v cc dng c n ung khc nhau. Vit Nam c nn nng nghip la nc nn trong mm cm khng th thiu i a, y l mt vt dng rt quen thuc vi mi ngi. Cc dng c ch bin trong vn ha m thc khn hoang rt n gin v gn gi vi mi ngi nh: ni t, cho, chn, t, mung, v, v cc loi l 4 Mt s mn n c trng ca m thc khn hoang v bin th ca n: 4.1. Mn cho bi: Gii thiu: Cho bi hay cn gi nm na l mn cho bt bng, l mn n c sn ca ngi Ty Ninh v mang m du n ca thi khn hoang. y l mn n rt phong ph v thnh phn v n gin v cch ch bin. Thot nhn, mn cho bi ny khng bt mt v mun c c mt ni cho ng kiu th khi nu u bp phi nh gi l cho th khng cn mu xanh nguyn thy na m chuyn sang mu vng l a. Nhng hng thm th khng ch no ch v khi nm th th kh lng qun c hng v c bit ny. l hng v ca nc mm v mi v thm nng v sc nng ca tiu. S d ngi ta gi n l cho bi l v ngi ta b th thp cm vo , sau khi n cn dn th li cho thm thnh phn vo ni v nu n tip. Cho bi ng nh ci tn ca n, c th b vo cht rau, cht u bp, hay n gin l my cng mn mc di sau h m khng c mt cng thc chung no, ty vo iu kin sn c ca ngi nu khi . Cho bi l cho ca ngi ngho nn khng kn mt nguyn liu no, nhng cho bi ngon nht l nu vi nhng b mn mc di ngoi b ao, b sui, vi nhng tri u bp c xt thnh nhng lt mng xanh xanh. Nu sang hn mt cht l con cua gi nhuyn vt ly gch lm tng thm v ngt ngt, bi bi, hay nhng ht u xanh thm thm, lm mt lng ngi sau nhng gi bn mt cho t bn lng cho tri ngoi ng rung. Nu mun sang hn na th thm cht tht heo bm nhuyn. V bo ca tht s ha ln vo v ngt ca cua, mi thm ca go nu nhuyn vi u xanh ho vo hng v dn d n s ca nhng mn rau di lm thnh mt hng v c trng ca cho bi. Cch ch bin: Cho bi vn l mt thc ngon dn d, m cht ng qu, nu cng vi bt bng. Go nu cho l th go gt t cy la vng lun tru ht ca x Ty Ninh. Go c mang v rang trn cho ln cho ta mi thm ri em nu vi bt bng. bt bng cho vo
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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

nc lnh khuy u cho nhng ht bt khng dnh vo nhau, tt c vo ry cho ro nc. Sau , cho bt vo nc ang si khuy u tay cc ht bt lun lun tch ri nhau v khi trong sut chn u. Li bt bng ra ry x ngay nc lnh t vi nc nhng ht bt mau ngui, ht nh ry cho ro nc em b mn ra xt khc, nu c con tp ti lt v, xt nh, ri th tt c vo ni cho, nu cho nh. . Sau cng cho bt bng vo ni cho nu xong phn trn, quy u cho nhng ht kimcng bt bng ng nh trong ni cho bi Ty Ninh Nu n khi bt bng v cho sn st quyn vo nhau th cho hnh tm xt lt, hnh phi, nc mm, ng, tiu nm nm sao cho dy hng bng bng gian bp th mc ra t. Nh bt bng quyn vi tng ht go thm lm cho mn cho cng trn tru d nut, Gi tr dinh dng: Mn cho bi thng c nu khi tri vo ma ma hay i gi lc cui nm. Nhng hng v cay nh, nng m, ngt ti ca thc phm v ht go ni ting ca x ni b en, khin ai n vo cng cm thy kho khon, m bng sao mt ngy lm vic vt v mt mi. Mn cho ny dng lm mn n thay cm nhng lc khng go hay c th lm mn canh n cng cm. Gi tr dinh dng ca mn cho bi: go v bt bng cha tinh bt v cacbonhidrat, rau cha vitamin v cht s v khong, tht/c cha m v bo. Li ch ca cho l: tr i, tr kht, iu ha phong, lm sch bng quang (v huyt qun) v tiu ha cc n sng cn li Bin th ca mn cho bi: Sau ny, ngi u bp sng to cho thm (bi thm) tht cua, tm ti p dp, xng heo, sn non, mt ci gi cho quy l cho bi hng thm v. Nh bt bng quyn vi tng ht go thm lm cho mn cho cng trn tru d nut, phn gi heo nc xt ra c dnh t da, t tht, cht gn thm lt xt, v dai dai ca tai nm ng c v tht tm ti ngt l lm ngi thng thc c ngy ngt, n n no cng bng m mt vn c hau hu mun xin thm t na. Ngoi gi cho quy gin gin, nhiu ngi bn hng cn cho thm u phng rang gi dp v mt cht tng ti pha cay sn st vo t cho bi lm mn n thm m . Nn vn ho m thc khn hoang tuy cn mang nt s khai nhng khng v vy m b hn ch v mn n, nhng mn n y tuy khng cu k phc tp, khng c trang tr
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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

p mt nh mn n ca cung nh hu nhng vn to nn c nt c trng ring ca mn n nh s tr ph sn vt ca thin nhin v bn tay kho lo ca con ngi. Mi mn n khng n gin l n cho no m n cha trong c nhiu kinh nghim sng hay nhng k nim ca mi ngi dn ni y, khi ta thng thc mn n v c tm hiu v n th cng lm tng gi tr ca m thc. Mn c lc nng trui: 1.1 GII THIU ng cha ta ba bn th k trc n vng rng trm y c v mui mng, vi chic xung, ci c rng (bp), ci ni t, cy ba, chic np (m ta khi phc li ma Thu nm 1945). C chn t m rch ri u xung gn . Go rt kh kim, nhng may thay tri t dnh cho nhiu mn n n. Ta n thc phm thin nhin cng nhiu cng tt, t tn go. Con ln sng trong hang, ma nng rt xung, ma ma tri ln sinh . Ra sng trn b nhng thch di nc tm l non, c non. ch cng vy. V rn th th gm rn h ni cao ro v nhiu loi rn nc. Lc n cy, o mng, ta la gp con g ta n con ny. Mi hai con gip, con g cng n, ch tr con rng l v khng tm thy, nu thy cng n tut. Hi y, cha nui g, vt, heo. Vic chn nui i hi nh ca n nh, cng nh ta cha ngh n vic trng rau ti, vi cy t, bi s. Bi vy, ngi ng bng v Si Gn n th rau. Rau nao cng n khng b b ngang th cng b b dc gi cho chn l rau rng. n cho vui ming, min l khng cht. C lc nng trui l mt mn n dn d c trng cho min ng bng sng nc, vi hng v c o v cch ch bin rt n gin. Mn n ny gn lin vi qu trnh khai ha t Phng Nam ca dn tc. 1.2 Thi quen n ung Do lu dn sng trong vng sng nc hng ngy phi cm ci vi cng vic ng ng, trng cy, lm rung, pht c, khng c dng c nu nng, bt c ln khi rung ch c nng l d nht v thun tin nht, h n ngay trn b rung,c nng trui ra i trong hong cnh v mn n ny ngy cng c nhiu ngi bit n. Mn c lc nng trui l mn thuc m dng iu ha, m cht dn d, mang tnh cng ng. 1.3 Gc khoa hc Ci ngon ca c lc ng ch c cm nhn mt cch trn vn khi c c nng trong rm kh v by trn tu l chui v trong rm kh cha ch yu xenlulose, khong,

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

cht bo, hemixenlulosekhi b thy phn bi nhit to ra cc cht kh nh CO, CH4, hydrocacbon, CO2,cc kh ny khng ngng t nn khi nng c lc bng rm kh khng b hoi khi. C lc c xin t rng n tn ui bng mt cnh tre nhn. Tre xin c phi l tre ti th nc trong thn tre mi gi n khng chy thnh than khi b t gia ngn la hng hc ca rm kh. c im ca mn ny l c khng cn s ch, tc l khng nh vy, khng m bng, khng tm p gia v. Thm vo , u c lc phi c cm xung t v phn u v bng c l kh chn nht. Ngoi ra, phi c trong than rm sau khi la tt mt lc lu th b lng c mi t chn cn thit. Sau khi rm tn, c lc c kho lo ly ra v t vo mt tu l chui ti. Lc ny ngi nng c phi ra tay co vy kht tht nhanh v tht u th mi mong n c b da c lc. Nu mt ci nng ngoi da th vy kht s mt gin v dnh cht vo da c, khi ta dng rm kh co kht. Mt b rm kh c nhm nhng mm mi va phi khng lm trc da c. Ti y th ch cn thm mt t mui t lm gia v l mi th sn sng cho mt ba tic thm m cht qu Nam b. Ring vi c lc to 700 - 800 gam tr ln mun cho tht c chn u nn ch mt t nc vo trong bng c. Lm nh vy khi nng c di tc dng ca nhit nc trong bng c s si ln trong mi trng kn lm cho tht c chn hon ton. 1.4 Gi tr dinh dng - C lc c hm lng dinh dng rt cao nh protein, cht bo (omega 3), vitamin A, vitamin D, enzym, cht khong (nh canxi, kali, km) - c bit l trong c cn cha nhiu acid bo khng bo ha v cht photpho lipid. Nhng cht ny c tc dng gip cho s pht trin no ca tr nh, ng thi c tc dng b tr iu tr chng sa st tr nh ngi gi. - Canxi trong xng c c tc dng phng v iu tr bnh long xng. - Ngoi ra, n c cn c tc dng phng v iu tr s va ng mch, cholesterol trong mu, cao huyt p v bnh tim mch. V th, khi n mn c lc nng trui s cung cp cht dinh dng mt cch hoi ha v cn i. Bn cnh thng n c lc nng trui vi nhiu loi rau nn b sung mt lng cht x cho c th. 1.5 Gc kinh t

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Khi nhc n mn c lc nng trui khng ai khng bit n xut x t min ng bng sng nc, v cng chnh im c o ca mn c lc nng trui thu ht nhiu du khch n vi min t ny. Chnh v th n mang li nhiu gi tr kinh t cho ngnh du lch vit nam. - V gi: + Ngy xa: mn c lc nng ch yu t hng ng c ni nn khng phi tn tin tt c iu c sn trong nh. + Ngy nay: mn ny c n trong nh hng, qun n vi gi t 80 120 ngn ng. 1.6 Cch ch bin c lc nng trui Bc 1: Bt c lc Bc 2: Xin que qua mnh c nng trui Bc 3: Ph rm ln ton b con c v t la nng c trong ngn la hng Bc 4: Khi rm chy ht l n lc c chn Bc 5: Co vy kht bng rm Bc 6: C c by trn l chui Bc 7: C lc nng trui chm mui t th s ngon hn 1.7 Cc bin th c lc Ngy nay, ngi ta n mn c lc nng c v thnh th, sang trng hn. C mua v lm sch ri kha dc theo hai bn ln con c p gia v: ti, c hnh, tiu, nc tng, ng, bt ngt. Trc gi n mt ting, c c t vo thng nng, vn nng va phi cho c chn t t. khi c va vng, ly c ra ch m hnh dc theo c, t vo thng nng t 3 5 pht cho c thm m hnh. Sau cng, ly c ra t trn chic a s hnh bu dc c xp sn ci x lch xoong, trang tr cho p mt. Ngoi ra, c th dng ng tre v vn cho con c, dng giy bc bt hai u,t st bc quanh con c, nng trn bp than, cng nh la, c chn cng ngon v thm dy mi ng qu. t Si Gn n o v vi v ny, mun thng thc mn c lc nng trui dn d tht l kh, mt trong nhng con ng bn c lc nng nhiu v ni ting nht l

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

ng Tn K Tn Qu qun Tn Ph. y c khong 5 gi chiu l c lc nng c by bn dc hai bn ng. C lc y c th ni l mn dn d nht Si Gn. 4.2. Gii thiu Mm kho l mn n ca thi khn hoang t xa n nay ca min ty nam. Rau ng, c ngt, n no lo m ci. Bng sng, c, mm, thnh mt mn mm kho. Mm kho thm ngon li c v cay cay ca t, v the the ca s, gin tan ca bng sng to thnh mt mn n m hng v ng ni. Min ty l ni u u chng ta cng nhn thy sng nc. Ma kh th nc sng thanh bnh, du dng, mang li dng nc mt ngt cho ngi dn ni y; cho cy ci xanh ti; nhng cnh ng la bt ngn tru nng ht la chn vng ng . Nhng vo ma nc ni th chng ta c th cm nhn c rng dng nc y cng rt d di, n nut mt c nhng cnh ng bao la y, u u chng ta cng nhn thy mt mu trng c ca nc, tng chng nh khng mt loi cy no c th tn ti c. y vy m c iu lm du i s d di , l mu trng tinh nguyn ca bng sng lm cho nc sng mnh mng y du dng hn i. Bng sng tri khp cnh ng, khp ni ni. Bng sng khng rc r nh mai vng cng chng lng ly nh sen hng nhng n mang mt v p n s, gin d v gn gi vi ngi dn. Chng nhng th bng sng cn dng lm mn n ngon cho ngi dn vo ma nc ni, C bng sng n bi bi, ngt ngt. Cn thn v l non ca n th n gin v ngon lm. c bit l n bng sng vi mm kho. Mun n bng sng, mm kho Th v ng Thp n cho thm. Thi quen n ung Mm mn thuc tnh dng kt hp vi nhiu loi rau sng tnh m to nn mn n tnh m dng hoi ha. Ai cng bit mm l loi thc n giu cht dinh dng nn n cm mm, thm v lu. ng thi n cng l ngun thc n d tr rt i qu gi cu ngi mit vn lc giao ma, khan him thc n hay khi bn vic ng ng, khng c nhiu th gi ch bin thc n ti. Mn n n gin nht ca mm l mm sng. Phn ln mm sng c lm t c lc, c sc, c linh n cm vi mm sng ngon nht l vo lc tri ma, kh lnh t ngoi ng rung ngp nc, ha cng ting ch nhi unh ong vng vo nh. Sau , ngi dn Nam B kt hp v to ra mn mm kho th hin nt Bng sng kho mm:

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

c o ca ngi dn y c c mn n m bn sc dn tc ca vng t Phng Nam. Ni v n cm vi bng sng mm kho th ngi dn y c thi quen n mm kho bng sng phi ngi n di t, nu cn tri chic m cng tt. Bng sng nguyn cng di dng tay b b vo chn, chan nc mm kho ln cho ngp bng sng vi my con tp mu lm tng thm phn hp dn. Th v nht khi n mm kho phi ci trn o cho m hi m m hi con tun ra mi thm tha tnh qu. GI TR DINH DNG Trong mm c hm lng m rt cao, mt s khong cht bi dng c th Rau cung cp nhiu vitamin v cht x d tiu ha, chng oxy ha Hm lng protid v lipit trong c

Theo h thng quan im 5W + 2H Why: mm kho gi m thi tit lnh Who: n vi bt c ai cng c, mang tnh cng ng Where: n nh, ngoi ng rung, trong vn sau nh, nh hng, qun n When: thng n vo ba cm chnh What: mn n cung cp cc cht dinh dng: m, vitamin, x, protid, lipit, khong cht How: nu mm trong ni gang How much: + ti gia: thng khng tn km, v hu ht l cy nh l vn + qun n, nh hng: khong 70 100 ngn ng Cch ch bin Ma nc v bng sng cng ln nhanh trng ng. Tuy khng hng sc nhng mu trng cng lm du mt nh nng tra h lm con ngi c cm gic nh nhng th thi. Bng sng thin nhin u i cho con ngi sng ni ngn c ni ng, ni no c nc l c bng sng. C bng sng n va bi va bo, bng, thn, l non chng kn ming ngi ng Thp.

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Bng sng nh v nguyn cng ra sch tc v bn ngoi, ngt mi cng di chng hai gang tay trong r cho ro nc. Mm kho phi l mm kho c sc ng nhn trong h mm bng snh trn gi bng nhnh cy i ti c lt mo cau n mi ngon. Mm d ra c mu thm thm lng, n sng vi cm ngui cng ngon. Bng sng chm mm kho l mn n c sn ca ngi snh iu Nam B, l mn n hng ngy khng th thiu c. Tu theo t hay nhiu ngi n m ta nu mm kho. Mm ly ra em trong ni cho nc vo xm xp, nu cho va si em xung ri lc ly nc b xng. Nc nht ring, nc nh, nc ba bc ni nu li thm mui, bt ngt, ng qun thm t, s - hai mn ny khng th thiu khi n mm kho. Sng gia ng nc mnh mng lm g c tht ba ri kho chung vi mm, y ch trng cy vo cy nh l vn, nn ni mm kho y ch c c r, c linh, c lc, con tp t cng ngon. Tp t con nh nhng c nhiu trng n rt ngt khi phi la xng ch b ru l c, n khng thua km tp bc hay tht ba ri ch. Nh vy ni mm kho y ch nu vi con tp t bt t ng rung ln. Khi ni mm si vi do ri trt mm nc nht vo cho si bng ht bt ri nhc xung. Khi nu, chng ta c th xt c nu chung n cng ngon. Ni mm nhc xung bc hi thm bay lan to c my chc nc nh, bo hi bao t h cn co kh chu nh kin ang b. Mm kho thm ngon li c cht cay ca t, the ca s, ngt ca tp, ci gin bng sng to thnh mn n tuyt vi. Mn n n s khi tn tin c ch bin bnh dn, ai nu cng c, va b va ngon t tn km nhng m hng ng gi ni. Mun n bng sng mm kho Th v ng Thp n no thm Cc bin th ca mn mm kho Mm kho ngy nay c th ch bin thnh nhiu mn khc nhau nh lu mm, bn mm Mm kho l mn n lu i ca ngi dn vng sng nc Nam B, l mn n cha ng y tinh hoa ca mm c sn dn d nhng hng v tht m , kh qun. Mm c ch bin rt gin d, c mi thm c bit, c gng, s lm du bt mi nng ca mm. cch ch bin cng khng khc xa l my, ch khc cch n khc, n vi nhiu loi rau hn v c n nhng ni sang trng hn nh trong nh hng, qun 4.3. Gii thieu Canh chua c lc:

GVHD: Ths. Lu Mai Hng

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Ngun gc ca mn canh chua c lc l do ngi dn Khmer Nam B sng to ra. Sau khi ngi Vit n vng t Nam B, h hon chnh mn canh chua ny v a n vt khi trnh hoang d tr thnh mn n c sn ca Nam B. Mn canh chua hu nh nh no cng n quanh nm. Nht l vo nhng ngy h nng nc, oi bc, c t canh chua, ba cm s ngon hn, d n, gip gii nhit ma nng nng. Mn canh chua c lc l ngi bn thn thit trong ba cm ca mi gia nh ngi Vit Nam. Canh chua c lc ng kiu ca ngi Nam B phi va c c v chua ca thm, me ln v ngt ca c lc. C v chua nhng khng c chua qu, c v ngt nhng cng khng c ngt qu, v chua phi l v ch o, v ngt va phi. Mu ca t, c chua, mu vng ca thm, mu trng ca gi, mu xanh ca u bp, bc h to cho t canh chua cng hp dn. Thi quen n ung Ngi Nam B khng n ung cu k nhng c nhng mn bt buc phi nm ng gia v ca n th mn n khi hon thnh mi ni bt ng gi tr. V nh canh chua gi, bc h, u bp th ngoi rau qu, ng gai cn phi nim thm vi l tn dy th t canh chua c gi tr ln hn, hay canh chua bp chui vi c kh th phi nm thm rau om v t t. c im ca canh chua Nam B l s phi hp ca nhiu loi rau, tri cng c, tm lm cho ni canh tr nn mi v chua, thuc m, cay, ngt thuc dng, v nht cng c cho l thuc dng. Ngi dn nam b thng c thi quen n ung mang tnh cht cng ng, h thng ni n chung vi nhau, ni chuyn ong c th hin s m cng ca gia nh sau nhng gi lm vic vt v. Theo h thng quan im 5W + 2H: *why: n canh chua gip gii nhit ma nng, gi m ma lnh... * Who: bt k ai cng c th n cng vi gia nh, vi bn b, hoc vi ng nghip * Where: n ti nh, qun n gia nh hoc nh hng * When: thng c n vo cc ba cm chnh. * What: mn n cung cp cn i cc cht nh protid, lipid, glucid, vitamin

GVHD: Ths. Lu Mai Hng

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

* How: + Ngy xa: nu canh chua bng ni gang + Ngy nay: nu canh chua bng ni inox * How much: + Ti gia: mn canh khong 40-50.000 /4 phn n + Qun n, nh hng: mn canh khong 70-100.000 /4 phn n. Sch Hong Ni Kinh c vit: dng ng cc lm cht dinh dng; dng ng qu lm cht b tr; dng tht ca 5 loi gia sc lm cht b dng; dng 5 loi rau thm y . n ung hoi ha s mang li li ch thit thc trong m thc. Dinh dng cn i Cht m ca ca canh chua thng l nhng loi c nn d tiu ha, t cholesterol c hi nh tht. v trong c thng c cht omega 3 chng lo ha tt. Cc loi rau, tri nh c chua, rau thm, gi u, bc h, rau nhtc tc dng thanh nhit, gii c, nhun trng, chng oxy ha, p da. Ngoi ra cn cung cp thm cht x cht nhy gip d tiu ha, li tiu, gii c. Mt t canh chua nng vi cc loi rau mu sc: mu ca t, c, mu xanh ca cc loi rau, mu trng ca gi , mu vng ca thmc m dng, ng hnh ca tri t trong mn n mc mc, dn d. Hm lng vitamin C cao trong me, kh hay sucn gip tng sc khng cho c th. Cc loi rau gia v nh rau tn, rau om, ng rairt tt cho vic gip st khun ng h hp v cha cc chng vim hng.

Cch ch bin Trong ni canh chua gm nhng loi rau, bng sng, rau nht, ng sen, bc h, lm cho v chua ca canh y n, ngi ta dng v chua ca me, thm, c phi hp. c bit v khu v, khi nm canh chua kiu nam b khng th thiu mt cht ng. chnh nh ci ngt ca ng lm cho ni canh tr nn m , chua ngt mt cch du dng hn. Ngoi ra, n trong v chua ca canh c t v cht nhn ca u bp, bng so a, mt cht cay nng ca t. Khi mc ra t phi c cc loi rau thm nh ng gai, qu, v nht l rau om, y l mt nt c trng ring ca mn canh chua min Nam khng ln cng bt c loi canh chua khc nhau, nht l ma nc ni thng 9 thng 10 m lch, c linh theo con nc l v cng l lc in in, so a tr bng. Lc ny bng so a, in in u ma rt ngt, c linh th no trn, bo ngy.

GVHD: Ths. Lu Mai Hng

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

Ngi Nam B khng n ung cu k nhng c nhng mn bt buc phi nim ng gia v ca n th mn n khi hon thnh mi ni bt ng gi tr. Mt t canh chua nng vi cc loi rau mu sc: mu ca c, t, mu xanh ca cc loi mu trng ca gi, mu vng ca nhng ming thmc m dng, ng hnh ca tri t trong mt mn n mc mc, dn d. chnh l ci tm, ci tnh ca nhng lu dn i m ci truyn li cho con chu, gip mi ngi bi dng c th cng nh c th phng v cha bnh. tng v chua cho mn canh, ngi ta thng dng me, kh hay su. Cc loi qu ny cha nhiu acid hu c chng c chng y bng, kh tiu. Hm lng vitamin C cao trong cc loi qu ny cn gip tng sc khng ca c th. Cc bin tu ca mn canh chua Canh chua c lc, c ba sa, ln, tmhay khoi khu vi nhng loi canh chua l nh: Canh chua tri gic, canh chua bn, canh chua xoi khth nhng, nu ai mt ln thng thc canh chua s ngh H Tin, chc chn s khng bao gi qun. C rt nhiu loi c c th dng nu canh chua s ngh, nh c ba sa, c ngc, c nhm du, c cho bo, c kmth nhng ngon nht vn l c bp, bi tht c bp ngt li dai nh tht g. C c lm sch, ct khc vung va phi, p gia v va n. S ngh c gi nhuyn vi t, ty vo khu v m cho t nhiu hay t gim cay. Bc cho ln bp tht nng ri cho du vo, ch du n si si bt, tip tc cho s ngh vo. Xo n lc dy mi th tip tc cho c vo, xo cho n lc c sn mi bc cho xung. Me ti hay me mui u c th dng nu canh chua s ngh. Khi nu nc me, nu cho thm mt t nc ct chanh vo, nc s trong v c v chua thanh. Nc me nu si, sau khi nm nm va n, cho c vo nu chn v tip tc cho bi vo, ch si thm mt do na ri bc xung. Nu n c v rau ring, canh chua s ngh c th n vi bn hoc cm. T canh chua s ngh thm lng, vng m, thm vi lt t v mu xanh ca rau om xt nh trng tht bt mt. Ngy nay ngi ta thng dng xng nu nc lo cho hng v m , ngt hn, hoc c th bin mn canh chua thnh lu chua va n va cho rau vo n t t. 4.4. Gii thiu t rng phng Nam c thin nhin u i, to cho con ngi nhiu mn n hp dn, c khi l rt him thy. Mt trong nhng mn n ngon, him, l v b dng y khng th khng k n mn cho ong v v. c mn cho ong v v y tht khng n
GVHD: Ths. Lu Mai Hng

Cho nhng ong v v:

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

gin, thm ch l kh nguy him. Bi l loi ong ny c nc rt c v khi b chc ph chng truy ui n tn cng. V th m ngy trc du kch min Ty hay dng ong v v nh gic l vy!. Lng Ph Hu, x Ph Sn (Ba V) l mt lng c ca x oi t xa c ngh nui ong v v ni ting gi li n tn by gi. Chnh ngh nui ong gp phn lm xanh, sch p mi trng v nhiu mn ngon cho ngi dn ni ny. Ong v v lm t bt c ni u, rng hoang, vn cy, ct in v thm ch ngay bn hin nh. Ma ma th chng lm t rt cao trnh nc ngp, cn ma nng th c khi thy t ca chng l st mt t. Ong v v i tm mt v nguyn liu v xy t ch quanh qun gn ngi nh ca mnh. Bit c tp tnh ca loi ong ny m ngi ta kh d dng tm ra t ca chng. Khi thy vi con ong v v ang tm phn hoa hay v cy mc th ngi ta leo ln mt cy c chiu cao gn quan st hng bay ca chng. Ong v v kh ln con nn khi chng bay trn khng rt d nhn ra. Khi tm thy t, ngi ta quan st, ln ca t c chng c bao nhiu tng cha ong non quyt nh lc no s ly t chng. c bit l nhn bit chnh xc ming t ong nm v tr no trn thn ca t, v t ong v v duy nht ch c mt ming ra vo. Ri c chng chiu cao t ong khong bao nhiu cn chun b cy ri cho ph hp. Trc khi chun b t ly t ong, ngi ta chn mt cy tre hay tm vng cn ti tht di lm cy ri khi t c nghing, trnh ong rt ngay trn u. u cy ri c qun gi kh v rng buc tht chc chn v t mt t ong cng ko di 5-7 pht. i bng m xung n ong chui ht vo trong t cng l lc an ton ngi ta quyt nh ly t ong. Ch cn ch du la hoc xng vo ming gi u cy ri v c gng a ngn la vo ng v tr ming t ong v gi nguyn . Khi thy c la, tt c ong trng thnh u bay ta ra ming t v b ngn la thiu cht hoc chy cnh rt ngay xung t. n ong khi b t d ngoi hay trong t chng cng c gng bay vo ngn la i ln dp tt ngn la nhm cu ngi nh ca mnh. Chnh v vy m gn nh c n ong b la thiu ri, ch st li vi con. V, ch cn vi con cn li y, chng tip tc gy dng t mi duy tr ni ging. Thi quen n ung Sau mt ngy lm vic vt v, n ti mi ngi tp t li, mi ngi mt vic chun b mn cho tht vui v. Ngi th lo lm ong, ngi th canh ni cho, ngi th no da,
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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

tt c mi ngi ngi t hp vi nhau k chuyn nhng vic m h lm trong ngy ch ni cho chn rt ng vui mang m tnh cht cng ng. Cho ong v v rt ngon v b dng. Ngi dn ni y dng mn ny bi b sc khe v b m, trng dng. Cho c th dng quanh nm, nhng thi im tt nht l rm thng by, thng tm hng nm. Cho ong v v nu vi nc ct da phi n nng mi ngon. Nhng ngi trc tip i t t ong th cng khoi mn cho ny, v va tri qua giai on mt nhc, hi hp vi loi ong d v m khuya ci i cng ko n. Bng bt cho ln, hp chm chm tng mung nh, nhai nh nh tng con ong non lp bp ln trong cho cm nhn c ht hng v mn n c o ny. Ci v bo ngt ca nhng ong cng thm ci v bo ngy ca nc ct da c trng khng ln vi bt k mn n no trn ci i ny. Cho ong v v ngon v b dng, rt ring v chc ch thn qu mi c c hi thng thc. Mn cho ny c l cng l mt trong nhng mn n c o m ng cha ta truyn li t thi k khai hoang m t. Theo h thng quan im 5W + 2H Why: mn ny gip bi b sc khe, b m, trng dng Who: ai cng c th n, thng n tp th vi nhau Where: n ti nh When: mn ny thng dng n lt d, n chi What: mn ny cung cp pritid, bo How: mn ny c nu trong ni How much: mn n ny khng tn km tin nhiu nhng i hi tn nhiu cng sc CCH CH BIN Sau khi thu c chim li phm, ngi ta cha vi mang t ong vo nh v phi phng nhng con ong gi cn st li trong t rt nguy him. Sau khi kim tra tht k, loi b ht ong trng thnh ra khi t ngi ta mi bt u tch tng tng ong ra g ly nhng. Nhng con nhng non thng c ph mt lp my kh do v mi ngi t m g tng ming my y. Sau khi g ht lp my trn mt tng ong l n lc thch th nht, hi hp nht khi chng ra, xem nhiu t th no!

GVHD: Ths. Lu Mai Hng

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Bi tiu lun: Tm hiu vn ha m thc khn hoang Nhm 14

C n 4 loi nhng ong, ty theo tui trng thnh ca chng, gm: nhng tht non; nhng trng thnh; nhng c chn thnh hnh 1 ch ong nhng vn cn trng v nhng c mu vng ng. C 4 loi nhng ny u n c. Ring nhng tht non trong bng c mt khc rut en. Ngi ta trn chng vo nc si chng vi pht cho phn sa trong thn nhng sn li. Sau , dng tay ngt t nhng ko phn rut en ra ngoi tht d dng. Mn cho ong v v min Ty khng th thiu nc ct da. Nc ct u ring, ch khi nu xong ni cho mi vo. Cn nc ct do cho vo nu chung vi go v ch cho cho tht nh. Nhng ong lm sch ch cn phi hnh cho thm v vo cho xo x, nm thm bt ngt, mt t nc mm ngon l bc xung trt vo ni cho. Lc ny ngi ta mi cho nc ct u vo, tiu, hnh l xc nhuyn v mm nm li l xong. Mun cho ba cho ong v v ngon ming hn ngi ta cha li mt phn nhng ong xo vi gc hnh. Mn ny n chung vi cho v lm nh th mi thng thc c hng v nguyn bn nht ca nhng ong v v. Nhng ai tng thn qu, tng bt gp t ong v v chc khng qun v nhng tr tinh nghch ca mnh lc nh. Bit l loi ong rt d v chch rt au, nhng ci tnh ph phch ca tr con gp t ong v v l mun chc ph trong s hi hp, s s v xen ln thch th. V, chc cng khng t ngi b ong chch au, ri b m nh n m nh mi k nim tui th ca mnh. Khi ln khn, d c i u cng lun nh v t ai qu nh. Nh loi ong chch rt au, nhng nhng ca chng th qu ngt ngo trong ni cho khuya c nc ct da bo ngy! Cc bin th ca mn cho nhng ong v v Mn cho d lm, d n, nhm ra th rt nhiu. T bnh dn nh cho trng kho qut, cho hnh trng, cho bi, cho go nhum da mm, trng muin cho lng heo, cho g vt, cho c khoai c ko, cho tm nc ct daNng cp khu v ln th c cho b, cho cua, cho hn, cho cc, cho rn, cho c lc rau ng t, cho ln mn ngtk sao cho ht ! Cho nhng l mn n truyn thng t thi cha ng ta khn hoang, khai ph v hu nh ch mit vn mi c c hi thng thc

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