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3/1/13
3/1/13
.
( :)Matter
. ( :)Chemistry
( :)Element
.F.
Fe
Cu
Ag
:
( :)Compound
.
H2O : CaCO3
3/1/13
:.
.
:
3/1/13
:
**
3/1/13
3/1/13
= Z = )Atomic .
(number
:
= + .
A = )Mass
(number
Z A
.Isotops
.
3/1/13
20 =17
: 17
= 37
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37
12 :
13
. +
=
25 = 13 +
= 12
3/1/13
:
K+ 3919
= = 19
= 18 =1 19
20 = 19
== 39
:
= 17
=
= 18 =1 +17
18 = 17
== 35
3/1/13
65 35
:
- =
= 30 = 35 - 65
:
103 45
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58
=45
103
=
3/1/13
.
(:)1
(:)2
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HN style
O3
.
(:
)2
1(:+
)
)Na) NH3) Na
.
( - e :
3/1/13
.
.
SI mol
** ) :)
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12 .12C
:
C 12
12
6.022 x 1023 mol-1
3/1/13
Zn 0.356
/ 65.39
:
= X
X 65.39 1-
= 0.553
36.16
=0.553 :.
=
X
x10 )1-6.022
(23
0.553
3.33
= x
= 1026
3/1/13
66.0 CO2
:
= ()2 x 16( + )1 x 12
= / 12 + 32 = 44
1.5
=
= Click to edit Master subtitle style
=
3/1/13
10,000,000 .
:
= C
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1-
3/1/13
- 0.01
:
/ 40
=
= Ca
= 0.00025
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= x
.1.506
x 10
x 6.022x1023 )1-
( 0.00025
=20
=
3/1/13
(:)Measurement Unit
S
I
:
:
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:.
3/1/13
()1 1
QUAN
TITY
Mass
K
g
Kilog
ram
Time
U
NI
T
Mete
r
Amount of
matter
Seco
3/1/13
nd
()1 2
QUAN
TITY
()
UNI
T
J(kgm2/
style Energy
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) Master subtitle
Joule
Pa(kg/
)ms2
Pressur
Pasc
e
al
3/1/13
:Prefixes
.
.
.
:
)Kilo (k
3/1/13
Deci(d) =
10-1
Centi(c) =
10-2
Milli (m) =
10-3
Femto((f)
=
Micro
)=
10-6-15
10
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Atto (a)
Nano
(n)==
10-9-18
10
0.000000431
Pico (p)
= g
0.431 g
10-12
431 ng
3/1/13
20 .
:
= 1 km
201000
km =m
20
20,000 m
0.5
1 GB = 1 x
10
9B
0.5
GB
=
0.5
x
10
9B=5
0.5 :.
x 108 B
3/1/13
0.001 .
:
= 1 Tg
0.001
12 g
0.001 Tg = 0.0011x10
x 1012
=g
1 x 109 g
100
= 100 cg
1g
10
= 1cg
0.01 g
10 .
3/1/13
6
:
1 m = 1 x 10-6 m = 1 x 10-6 m x 1 x
109 nm/m
= 1 x 103 nm
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: 6
103 nm
3/1/13
6 m = 6 x
U
NI
Atmosp
T
her
e
atm
mm Hg =
torr
bar
)1 3(
Millime
ter
HgClick to edit Master subtitle style
bar
L
Liter
C
Celeciu
s3/1/13
Min
QUANTITY
Pressur
e
Volume
Temper
atur
T(K) = t(C) +
273.15
1L = 0.001 m3
365.25 d
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1 day = 24 hr
1 hr = 60 min
3/1/13
1 min = 60 s
)(m3
:
.
1 L = 1 x 10-3 m :
).(Pa
=
)(atm
cm 1 cm2 76
3/1/13
: )(J
[3
kg m/s2 1 .1 m 1
= (
) ) calorie
1 cal = 4.184 J
cal style
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subtitle
3/1/13
:CHEMICAL FORMULAS
.
:Empirical Formula
(1
:Molecular formula
(2
:Structural Formula
(3
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:Empirical Formula
(1
.
3/1/13
** :
:
% H, 11.1
88.9% O
:100
:0.111
H + 0.889 O = 1.00
:
0.111/1 :
0.889/16
0.111 :
0.0556
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style
0.111/0.0556 :
0.0556/0.0566
1.99
6 2:
:1
1
1 2 .
.H2O
3/1/13
:Molecular formula
H4O H8O4.
H2O 2
.
HO1/2 H2/3O1/3
.
g 18.003
.
** :
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.H2O
2H + O = 2 1 + 1 16
18
)(18 == 18.003
H2O
3/1/13
30.43 %
:
% 69.56 -.
( 100 (:1
30.43 g N
69.56 g O
atoms
atoms (:2
:
(
O atoms
O:
N
3/1/13
:
-1 92
= )(1 x 14) + (2 x 16
= 1-46
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2 = 46 92 :
=
N2O4 :
3/1/13
CH2O
:
-1 180
C6H12O6 :
:
3/1/13
:Structural Formula
CH
C6H6
3/1/13
(CH3)2CO ::
/1
:
N2H4CO ::
:
/2
N2H4CO : N2H4CO :
3/1/13
:
)1
: . -
.
- C2H CH3COOH
5OH
:
CH
4
3/1/13
: .
Ionic Compounds 1 -
) .....
).
Polar Compounds 2 -
( ) .
Non-polar compounds 3 -
) ).
3/1/13
: .
(Electrolytes 1
.
:
:
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edit Master
subtitle style
.
.
.non-electrolytes
.
3/1/13
Equations
:Chemical
.
.
:
2H2+O22H2
**
O
1
2
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2.
g g 4.03 32
g .36.03
3/1/13
:
KClO3 KCl +
**
O2
K Cl .
O 3
2O
3/1/13
.
:
)gas (g
)2(g
),Solid (s
)liquid (l
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to edit Master subtitle style
(2
3/1/13
(.)Reversible Reaction
.
(.)Irreversible Reaction
:
3/1/13
25 ::
**
)2(g
)+ O2(g
H
)2O(g
-57.8
k calk mol
"-1 -1
H "57.8-
cal mol
oC ( )-) .)25.
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Master
subtitle style
.
:
. .
3/1/13
(.)Neutralization
(
(.)Redox Reactions
(.)Combustion
( (
(.)Decomposition
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(
.
(.
(.)Complex Formation
(
3/1/13
(.)Neutralization
(
.
HCl
.
K
HCl + KOH KCl +
O
2O +
H
H
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.
** :
NH3 + HCl
NH4Cl +
** :
3/1/13
(.)Redox Reactions
(
.
) ).
::
I2 + 2e :
**
2I
2S
2
O
32
S
4
O
62+
2eClick to edit Master subtitle style
I2 + 2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62 ::
**
:
2H+ + 2e-
H2
3/1/13
( (.)Combustion
.
**
)Mg(s)+O2(g
MgO(s)+
3/1/13
( (.)Decomposition
.
C2H4
2C +2H2
OstyleO
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Master subtitle
** :.
:.
**
(.
.
.
:.
H2 + Cl2 + hv 2HCl
**
:.
NaCl
**
** ::
C + 2H2
CH4
.
3/1/13
.
(
.
( .
)
.
:
/1 MgSO4(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) MgCO3(s) +
)Na2SO4(aq
:
)Mg2+ + 2Na+ + SO42- + CO32- MgCO3(s
+ 2Na+
+ SO
42
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to edit Master
subtitle
style
.
:
/2
)Ag+(aq)+ Cl-(aq
) )(s
AgCI
).
3/1/13
(.)Complex Formation
(
/1: Cu(NH3)4SO4
CuSO4 + 4NH3 Cu
(NH3)4SO4
(Fe(CN)6)3- :
/2
Fe3+ + 6CN-
6)3(Click to edit Master (Fe(CN
subtitle style
3/1/13
.
(
Substitution
Addition
Polymerization
Click to edit Master subtitle
styleEsterification
Rearrangement
-Dehydration
Dehydrogenation
3/1/13
.
Master
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to edit
subtitle
style
.
3/1/13
0.50
. 2.0
=
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= 0.25
3/1/13
10.0
:
. 3.0
= 0.083
3/1/13
Antoine Lavoisier :
1774
:Joseph
Proust
.
:John
Dalton
-
.
3/1/13
+
:
1
::
1
:Dalton
Berzelius
.
and
:
2
.
.
3/1/13
Electromagnetic
Radiation
.
=c
:
3 x 108 ms
= -1
c :
.
.
E
=
h
:
3/1/13
500
:
=
c/ = 3 x 108 ms-1/500 x 10-9
=m6 x 1014
s-1
2 x 1014 s-1
:
=style
c/
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8 ms-1/2 x 1014 s-1 = 1.5 x 10-6
= 3 x 10
m
6 x 1014 s-1
:
-34 J.s x 6 x
E = h = 6.626x10
1014 s-1 = 3.976 x
3/1/13
) :)Millikan
.)9.1
10
-28 g 19
-10 1.6
C.
)
:
Mosely
.
.
.
.
3/1/13
:Isotopes
.
.
H. D T
:
.
:Atomic
Number
:Mass Number
*
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to edit Master subtitle style
*
).
)
:AtomicWeight
12
3/1/13
Absorption
.
Emission
3/1/13
()2 1
Lyman
nn1,n=,2,3,,
Palmer
nn2,n=3,4,
Paschen
nn3,n=4,5,,
Bracket
nn4,n=5,6,,
Pfund
nn5,n=7,8,,
3/1/13
).( = 200 nm 800 nm
)2
(2
-4
-2
10
10
2000
400800nm
10.000
0.1cm
100cm
3/1/13
.
.
Monochromatic
)2
(4
3/1/13
(1
n = 1,2,3,.. :
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(2
n .
.
(3
3/1/13
Click to
edit
Master
subtitle
style
.
r = (n2)x
0.529
()r
En = -2.179 :
3/1/13
x-18 J
Ei - Eo = 2.179 x 10-18 J
((1/ni2-1/no2
ni no
.
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to edit Master subtitle style
3/1/13
:
.
)1/no2
)1/32
= 4.568 x
) 1/9
1014 s-1
3/1/13
.:
Click to10
edit-15
Master
J subtitle style
3/1/13
= 3.026 x