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3/1/13

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3/1/13

.
( :)Matter

. ( :)Chemistry


( :)Element
.F.


Fe

Cu
Ag

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:
( :)Compound
.

H2O : CaCO3

Na2O CO2 .CO

3/1/13

:.
.
:

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3/1/13

:
**

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3/1/13

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3/1/13

= Z = )Atomic .
(number
:
= + .
A = )Mass

(number

Z A

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.Isotops

.

3/1/13

20 =17

: 17
= 37
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37

12 :

13
. +
=

25 = 13 +

= 12

3/1/13

:
K+ 3919

= = 19

= 18 =1 19

20 = 19

== 39
:

Cl 3517Click to edit Master subtitle style

= 17
=

= 18 =1 +17

18 = 17

== 35

3/1/13

65 35
:

- =

= 30 = 35 - 65
:
103 45
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58
=45
103
=
3/1/13

.
(:)1
(:)2
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HN style

O3
.

(:


)2

1(:+
)
)Na) NH3) Na

.
( - e :
3/1/13

.

.

SI mol

** ) :)
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12 .12C

:
C 12
12
6.022 x 1023 mol-1

3/1/13

Zn 0.356
/ 65.39
:

= X

X 65.39 1-
= 0.553

36.16
=0.553 :.

=
X

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x10 )1-6.022
(23
0.553
3.33
= x
= 1026

3/1/13

66.0 CO2
:

= ()2 x 16( + )1 x 12

= / 12 + 32 = 44
1.5
=
= Click to edit Master subtitle style
=

3/1/13

10,000,000 .
:

= C
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= 10000000 atom/6.022 x 1023 atom mol-1


x 10 12 1.661= 17

1-

3/1/13

- 0.01
:

/ 40
=

= Ca
= 0.00025
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= x

.1.506
x 10
x 6.022x1023 )1-
( 0.00025
=20
=
3/1/13

(:)Measurement Unit

S
I
:

:
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:.

3/1/13

()1 1

QUAN
TITY
Mass

K
g

Kilog
ram

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style
Length

Time

U
NI
T

Mete
r

Amount of
matter

Seco
3/1/13
nd

()1 2

QUAN
TITY

()

UNI
T

J(kgm2/
style Energy
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) Master subtitle
Joule

Pa(kg/

)ms2
Pressur
Pasc
e
al
3/1/13

:Prefixes
.

.
.

:
)Kilo (k

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)= 103(M
Mega
=Giga
)106 (G
= 109
= )Terra (T
1 Mm 10
1000,000
m
12
**:
s 36 Gs 36,000,000,000

3/1/13

Deci(d) =
10-1
Centi(c) =
10-2
Milli (m) =
10-3
Femto((f)
=
Micro
)=
10-6-15
10
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Atto (a)
Nano
(n)==
10-9-18
10
0.000000431

Pico (p)
= g
0.431 g

10-12
431 ng
3/1/13

20 .
:

= 1 km
201000
km =m

20

20,000 m

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0.5
1 GB = 1 x
10
9B

0.5
GB
=
0.5
x
10
9B=5
0.5 :.

x 108 B

3/1/13

0.001 .
:
= 1 Tg
0.001

12 g
0.001 Tg = 0.0011x10
x 1012
=g
1 x 109 g

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100
= 100 cg

1g
10
= 1cg

0.01 g
10 .

3/1/13

6
:

1 m = 1 x 10-6 m = 1 x 10-6 m x 1 x
109 nm/m
= 1 x 103 nm
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: 6

103 nm
3/1/13

6 m = 6 x

U
NI
Atmosp
T
her
e

atm
mm Hg =
torr
bar

)1 3(

Millime
ter
HgClick to edit Master subtitle style
bar

L
Liter

C
Celeciu
s3/1/13

Min

QUANTITY

Pressur
e

Volume
Temper
atur

T(K) = t(C) +
273.15

1L = 0.001 m3

1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 pa = 760 torr = 760 mm


Hg =
Hg = 761mm
cm Hg
1torr
1year =

365.25 d
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1 day = 24 hr
1 hr = 60 min

3/1/13

1 min = 60 s

)(m3
:

.
1 L = 1 x 10-3 m :

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).(Pa

=

)(atm

cm 1 cm2 76

3/1/13

: )(J
[3

kg m/s2 1 .1 m 1

= (

) ) calorie
1 cal = 4.184 J

cal style
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subtitle

3/1/13

:CHEMICAL FORMULAS

.

:Empirical Formula
(1
:Molecular formula
(2
:Structural Formula
(3
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:Empirical Formula
(1
.

3/1/13

** :
:
% H, 11.1

88.9% O

:100
:0.111
H + 0.889 O = 1.00
:

0.111/1 :
0.889/16
0.111 :
0.0556
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style
0.111/0.0556 :
0.0556/0.0566
1.99
6 2:
:1
1

1 2 .
.H2O

3/1/13

:Molecular formula

H4O H8O4.
H2O 2

.

HO1/2 H2/3O1/3
.

g 18.003
.
** :
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.H2O

2H + O = 2 1 + 1 16
18
)(18 == 18.003
H2O

3/1/13

30.43 %
:
% 69.56 -.

( 100 (:1
30.43 g N
69.56 g O
atoms
atoms (:2
:
(

2.17 mol N atoms : 4.35 mol


:O
atoms

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subtitle
2.17style
(3
( N atoms : 2.0 mol
1.o mol

O atoms
O:
N

1.o mol N atoms : 2 mol


ONO
atoms
( (2 :4

3/1/13

:
-1 92

= )(1 x 14) + (2 x 16

= 1-46
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2 = 46 92 :

=
N2O4 :

3/1/13

CH2O
:
-1 180

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= )30 = (1x16) + (2x1) + (1x12

1-

C6H12O6 :
:
3/1/13

:Structural Formula

CH

C6H6

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3/1/13

(CH3)2CO ::
/1
:

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N2H4CO ::

:
/2

N2H4CO : N2H4CO :

3/1/13

Type of Chemical compounds



:

:
)1
: . -
.

- C2H CH3COOH
5OH

:

CH
4

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2
(
.

.
)
(

3/1/13

: .
Ionic Compounds 1 -
) .....
).

Polar Compounds 2 -

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( ) .

Non-polar compounds 3 -
) ).

3/1/13

: .
(Electrolytes 1


.
:
:
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edit Master
subtitle style



.
.


.non-electrolytes

.

3/1/13

Equations

:Chemical

.
.

:
2H2+O22H2
**
O
1
2
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2.

g g 4.03 32

g .36.03

3/1/13

:
KClO3 KCl +
**
O2
K Cl .

O 3


2O

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2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2


::
**
CS2+Cl2CCl4+S2Cl2
CS2+3Cl2CCl4+S2Cl2

3/1/13



.

:

)gas (g

)2(g

),Solid (s

)liquid (l

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to edit Master subtitle style

)Aqueous solution (aq

) 2H2(g) + Osolid 2H2O(l) :


1
) C(graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g) :
:
2

(2

3/1/13

(.)Reversible Reaction
.

)2HCl +H2(g) +I2 (g)2NaCl + H22HI(g


O+
Na2CO
3
CO2
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subtitle
style
:

(.)Irreversible Reaction
:

3/1/13

25 ::
**

)2(g
)+ O2(g
H
)2O(g
-57.8
k calk mol
"-1 -1
H "57.8-

cal mol

oC ( )-) .)25.


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Master

subtitle style
.



:

. .

3/1/13

(.)Neutralization
(
(.)Redox Reactions

(.)Combustion

( (
(.)Decomposition
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(
.
(.

(.)Complex Formation

(
3/1/13

(.)Neutralization
(

.

HCl
.
K
HCl + KOH KCl +
O
2O +
H

H
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.
** :

NH3 + HCl
NH4Cl +
** :

3/1/13

(.)Redox Reactions
(
.
) ).
::
I2 + 2e :
**
2I
2S
2
O
32
S
4
O
62+
2eClick to edit Master subtitle style
I2 + 2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62 ::
**
:
2H+ + 2e-
H2

Mg+ 2HCl MgCl2+ H2


Mg Mg++

3/1/13

( (.)Combustion
.

2C2H6(g)+ 7O2(g) 4CO2(g)+


::
6H2O(g)+
**

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:

**
)Mg(s)+O2(g
MgO(s)+

3/1/13

( (.)Decomposition

.
C2H4
2C +2H2
OstyleO
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Master subtitle
** :.
:.
**

CaCO3+ CaO + CO2


3/1/13

(.

.
.

:.
H2 + Cl2 + hv 2HCl
**
:.

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style
Na +
Cl

NaCl

**

** ::
C + 2H2
CH4
.

3/1/13

.
(

.
( .

)
.
:
/1 MgSO4(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) MgCO3(s) +
)Na2SO4(aq
:
)Mg2+ + 2Na+ + SO42- + CO32- MgCO3(s
+ 2Na+
+ SO
42


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to edit Master
subtitle
style
.

:
/2
)Ag+(aq)+ Cl-(aq
) )(s
AgCI

).

3/1/13

(.)Complex Formation
(
/1: Cu(NH3)4SO4
CuSO4 + 4NH3 Cu
(NH3)4SO4
(Fe(CN)6)3- :
/2
Fe3+ + 6CN-
6)3(Click to edit Master (Fe(CN
subtitle style

3/1/13

.
(

Substitution
Addition

Polymerization
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styleEsterification
Rearrangement
-Dehydration

Dehydrogenation

3/1/13


.
Master



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.




3/1/13

0.50
. 2.0

=
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= 0.25

3/1/13

10.0
:
. 3.0

= )(1x23) + (1x16) + (1x1



= 0.25
1-40
401-
=
1 = NaOH = 10.0
=
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= 0.083

3/1/13

Antoine Lavoisier :



1774


:Joseph

Proust

.

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:John
Dalton


-
.

3/1/13

+
:
1
::
1

:Dalton
Berzelius

.
and

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:
2



.

.

3/1/13


Electromagnetic

Radiation


.

=c
:

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.

3 x 108 ms
= -1

c :

.
.

E
=
h

:
3/1/13

500
:

=
c/ = 3 x 108 ms-1/500 x 10-9
=m6 x 1014
s-1
2 x 1014 s-1
:

=style
c/
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8 ms-1/2 x 1014 s-1 = 1.5 x 10-6
= 3 x 10
m
6 x 1014 s-1
:

-34 J.s x 6 x
E = h = 6.626x10
1014 s-1 = 3.976 x
3/1/13

) :)Millikan

.)9.1
10
-28 g 19
-10 1.6

C.
)

:



Mosely
.





.

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style
1932
:


.

.


3/1/13

:Isotopes

.
.
H. D T

:
.
:Atomic
Number
:Mass Number
*
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to edit Master subtitle style
*
).
)
:AtomicWeight


12

3/1/13

Absorption
.

Emission

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3/1/13

()2 1

Lyman

nn1,n=,2,3,,

Palmer

nn2,n=3,4,

Paschen

nn3,n=4,5,,

Bracket

nn4,n=5,6,,

Pfund

nn5,n=7,8,,

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3/1/13


).( = 200 nm 800 nm

)2
(2

-4

-2

10
10

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2000

400800nm

10.000

0.1cm

100cm

3/1/13


.
.

Monochromatic

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)2

(4

3/1/13

(1
n = 1,2,3,.. :


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(2
n .

.
(3
3/1/13



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edit
Master
subtitle
style
.
r = (n2)x
0.529


()r

En = -2.179 :
3/1/13
x-18 J

Ei - Eo = 2.179 x 10-18 J
((1/ni2-1/no2
ni no

.
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to edit Master subtitle style

3/1/13

:
.

= 3.289 x 0 15 s-1 (1/ni2

= 3.289 x 0 15 s-1 (1/22

)1/no2
)1/32

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= 3.289 x 0 15 s-1 (1/4

= 4.568 x

) 1/9
1014 s-1

3/1/13

.:

E = h = 6.626 x10-34 J.s x


4.568 x 1014 s-1

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Master
J subtitle style

3/1/13

= 3.026 x

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