Professional Documents
Culture Documents
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
Superior to open-hearth: sulfur contamination avoided (no external fuels) trace nitrogen in oxygen used for refining, so low N in steel (<0.004%) residual oxygen in steel less, so few deoxidizing agents required lower impurities (less scrap)
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
Continuous Casting
Serope Kalpakjian. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1995
Temperature just slightly above recrystallization temp. (avoid excessive grain growth) - breaks down coarse grains of ingots - refined grains - heals porosity - strength increases in roll direction
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
6x612x12
Blooms: (processes into shapes and rails) Billets: (processed into bars, rods, pipe, tubes)
2x25x5
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
0-0.04% phosphorous: forms brittle Fe3 P compound 0-0.03% silicon: forms silicate inclusions (SiO2) but has little effect on properties
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
Serope Kalpakjian. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1995
AISI/SAE and UNS Designation Systems and Composition Ranges for Plain Carbon Steel and Various Low Alloy Steels
William D. Callister, Jr. Materials Science and Engineering, An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1985
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
Typical Applications and Mechanical properties for Oil-Quenched and Tempered Steels
William D. Callister, Jr. Materials Science and Engineering, An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1985
Serope Kalpakjian. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1995
Chromium: improves hardenability, strength and wear resistance Combination allows slower oil quench to produce martensite, which reduces thermal gradients and internal stresses
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
Nickel with Chromium: improved elastic limit, hardenability, impact resistance and fatigue resistance Molybdenum: further improvements to hardenability and reduced embrittlement
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
William F. Smith. Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 1981`
Stainless Steel
High Chromium content (>10%) Corrosion resistant, hight strength and ductility Stainless ==> chromium oxide resists corrosion
Stainless Steel
*
* Corrosion resistance decreases with carbon content, due to chromium carbide formation Thus, stainless steel utensils generally low in carbon content (what does this imply?)
Serope Kalpakjian. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1995
Serope Kalpakjian. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1995
Serope Kalpakjian. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1995
Serope Kalpakjian. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1995
Richard A. Flinn and Paul K. Trojan. Engineering Materials and Their Applications, 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1990.
Richard A. Flinn and Paul K. Trojan. Engineering Materials and Their Applications, 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1990.
Hardenability Example
Richard A. Flinn and Paul K. Trojan. Engineering Materials and Their Applications, 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1990.
Hardenability Example
Richard A. Flinn and Paul K. Trojan. Engineering Materials and Their Applications, 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1990.