Advanced KML

Bent Hagemark
May 29, 2008
Overview

OGC Standard
KML Architecture
Advanced features
Future enhancement
OGC Standard
OGC KML 2.2

April 14, 2008

Standard: 07-147r2
Abstract Test Suite: 07-134r2
100% "Google" KML 2.2 compatible
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2"
OGC KML 2.2

www.opengeospatial.org/standards/kml
schemas.opengis.net/kml/2.2.0/ogckml22.xsd
code.google.com/apis/kml
code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/kmlreference.html
KML Architecture
KML Architecture

Object
Feature
Geometry
Style
Link
Extension mechanism
Object

most complex elements

id="ID"
targetId="ID" for Update
AbstractXxxObjectExtensionGroup
kml:AbstractObjectGroup (8.1)
Feature

left panel entry: name, snippet, visibility

balloon
style
viewpoint, flyTo
custom data
kml:AbstractFeatureGroup (9.1)
Feature: concrete elements

Placemark
NetworkLink
Container: Document, Folder
Overlay: GroundOverlay, PhotoOverlay, ScreenOverlay
Geometry

2d or 3d
extrude
tessellate
kml:AbstractGeometryGroup (10.1)
Geometry: concrete elements

Point (icon)
LineString, LinearRing
Polygon
Model (textured 3d)
MultiGeometry
Style

shared style (6.4)

inline style
style resolution
kml:AbstractStyleSelectorGroup (12.1)
Style: concrete elements

Style
StyleMap
styleUrl
SubStyle: BalloonStyle, ListStyle, ColorStyle
ColorStyle: IconStyle, LabelStyle, LineStyle, PolyStyle
Link

href
network-shared style
network-shared schema
images, 3d models, more KML
balloon
ascription
Link: concrete elements

NetworkLink/Link/href
Overlay/Icon/href
Model/Link/href
styleUrl
schemaUrl
html:img src="..."
html:a href="..."
atom:link
Extension mechanism

ExtendedData/Data
Document/Schema, ExtendedData/SchemaData
ExtendedData/XML
XSD extension mechanism
XML and JavaScript

same model (same system!)

code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation
code.google.com/apis/earth
Advanced features
Review: Basic features

Placemark
Overlay
Folder
Style
NetworkLink
Advanced features

Region
Time
Update
ExtendedData
Region

Feature LOD
visibility transitions
millions of points
SuperOverlay
Region: any Feature

Placemark: visibility
NetworkLink: fetch
Overlay: fetch of image and visibility
Document/Folder: cascade
Region: simple effects

simple Lod
pop in and out
fade
clean swap with fade
Region: Example 1: simple Lod

<Placemark>

<Region>
<Lod>
<minLodPixels>128</minLodPixels>
</Lod>
<LatLonAltBox>...</LatLonAltBox>
</Region>

<Point>...</Point>

</Placemark>
Region: Example 2: pop in and out

<Placemark>

<Region>
<Lod>
<minLodPixels>128</minLodPixels>
<maxLodPixels>512</maxLodPixels>
</Lod>
<LatLonAltBox>...</LatLonAltBox>
</Region>

<Point>...</Point>

</Placemark>
Region: Example 3: clean swap

<Placemark id="coarse">

<Region>
<Lod> <!-- minLodPixels defaults to 0 -->
<maxLodPixels>256</maxLodPixels>
</Lod>
<LatLonAltBox>...</LatLonAltBox>
</Region>

<Point>...</Point> <!-- "come look here" -->

</Placemark>
Region: Example 3: clean swap

<Placemark id="fine">

<Region>
<Lod>
<minLodPixels>256</minLodPixels>
</Lod> <!-- maxLodPixels defaults to -1 "infinite" -->
<LatLonAltBox>...</LatLonAltBox>
</Region>

<Polygon>...</Polygon> <!-- more detail -->

</Placemark>
 Region: NetworkLink

<NetworkLink>

<Region>
<Lod>
<minLodPixels>256</minLodPixels>
</Lod>
<LatLonAltBox>...</LatLonAltBox>
</Region>
<Link>
<href>load-when-viewer-close-enough.kml</href>
<viewRefreshMode>onRegion</viewRefreshMode>
</Link>
</NetworkLink>
Region: "RbNL" and tools

cascade of Region-based NetworkLinks

KML Layers
code.google.com/p/regionator
csvregionator.py - CSV -> RbNL
placemarks.py - KML -> RbNL
checklinks.py - walks RbNL
checkregions.py - checks RbNL Regions
code.google.com/p/libkml
Region: "RbNL" Google Earth layers

Rumsey Historical Maps

Gigapan/Gigapxl Photos
YouTube
Books
News
Weather
Region: SuperOverlay

"RbNL" of GroundOverlays
Examples:
Google Earth Weather
disaster imagery
Region: tips and tricks

focus on Lod, especially minLodPixels

minLodPixels most likely > 128
Region with any Feature including ScreenOverlay
minLodPixels = 1/2 wid/ht of image tile
256x256 image -> minLodPixels 128
512 is 1/4 a typical screen
Time

Feature
TimeStamp
TimeSpan
Example: Google Earth Weather
Time: tips and tricks

TimeStamp for Points

TimeStamp: geographically non-coincident
TimeSpan for Overlays
TimeSpan: geographically coincident
Containers cascade
checkHideChildren
Update

Change
Create
Delete
Example: Santa
Update: Change

<!-- original fetched with NetworkLink -->

<kml xmlns="www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">
<Folder>
<Placemark id="p1">
<name>Point @ 3,-4.2</name>
<description>My movable Point</description>
<styleUrl>#some-style</styleUrl>
<Point>
<extrude>true</extrude>
<coordinates>3,4.2</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
</Folder>
</kml>
Update: Change

<kml><NetworkLinkControl>
<Update>
<Change>
<Placemark targetId="p1">
<name>Point @ 3,-4.2</name>
<Point>
<coordinates>3,4.2</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
</Change>
</Update>
</NetworkLinkControl>
</kml>
Update: NetworkLinkControl and cookie

<kml><NetworkLinkControl>
<!-- name=value compat with cgi parsing -->
<cookie>count=123</cookie>
<Update>
<Change>
<Placemark targetId="p1">
<Point>
<coordinates>[coords for 123]</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
</Change>
</Update>
</NetworkLinkControl></kml>
ExtendedData

Feature
Data: untyped data
Schema and SchemaData: typed data
"<xs:any>": any XML
balloon templating with shared style
Example: Google Earth Weather
(Metadata deprecated)
ExtendedData: Example: Weather

<Placemark>
<name>...</name>
<styleUrl>http://.../style.kml#sunny</styleUrl>
<ExtendedData>...</ExtendedData>
<Point>...</Point>
</Placemark>
ExtendedData: Example: Weather

<!-- style.kml -->

<Style id="sunny">
<IconStyle>
<Icon><href>sunny.jpg</href></Icon>
</IconStyle>
<LabelStyle>...</LabelStyle>
<BalloonStyle>
<text> <!-- 50 entities replaced in one template -->
...<td>$[01_Temperature]</td>...
</text>
</BalloonStyle>
</Style>
ExtendedData: Example: Weather

<ExtendedData>
<Data name="location">
<value>Shillong, IN as of 2008-05-28 17:00</value>
</Data>
<Data name="00_Temperature">
<value>80°F / 27°C</value>
</Data>
<Data name="00_Phrase">
<value>Haze</value>
</Data>
</ExtendedData>
ExtendedData: Example: weather

Feature
Data: untyped data
Schema and SchemaData: typed data
"<xs:any>": any XML
balloon templating with shared style
Example: Google Earth Weather
(Metadata deprecated)
ExtendedData: tips and tricks

ExtendedData/Data
the comment trick
Future enhancement
Future enhancement

ExtendedData
XSD extension mechanism
OGC SWG
Demo
code.google.com/apis/kml