ACADEMIC HANDBOOK

III B. TECH. (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

I SEMESTER

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

D.V.R.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
HYDERABAD, ANDHRA PRADESH

2013 2014

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Name of the Staff MembersI Code Course List of Text Books: T1 Machine Design / Dr V.B.Bhandari (TMH Publishers) T2 Machine Design / Dr.P.C.Sharma and R.K.Agarwal (SK Katario Publications) List of Reference Books: R1 Design of Machine Elements / V. M. Faires R2 Machine Design / Schaum Series.
R3 - Machine Design / Pandya And Shah. R4 Machine Design / Robert L. Norton R5 Machine Design / P. C. Sharma & D. K. Aggarwal R6 Design of Machine Elements / V. B. Bhandari R7 Machine Design / R. S. Khurmi & J. K. Gupta R8 Design Data / PSG College of Technology

: Dr. G. Srinivasa Gupta : ME 55019 : B.Tech (Mechanical Engg)

Subject

: Design of Machine

Year : 2011-2012 III Year, I Semester

Topic No. 1

Topic Name

Reference Books

Number of Periods 2 2

Cumulative Periods

2 3

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION: General T1,R3,R5 considerations in the design of Engineering Materials and their properties Manufacturing T1,R2,R4 considerations in design Tolerances and T1,R3,R5

1 3

3 6

fits-BIS codes of steels STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS 4 Simple stressesCombined stresses-Torsional and bending stresses-impact stresses-stress strain relation Various theories of failure-factor of safety-Design for strength and rigidity-preferred numbers The concept of stiffness in tension, bending, torsion and combined situationsStatic strength design based on fracture toughness UNIT-II STRENGTH OF MACHINE ELEMENTS : Stress concentrationTheoritical stress Concentration factor-Fatigue stress concentration factor-notch sensitivity Design for fluctuating stressesEndurance limitEstimation of Endurance strength T1,R5,R7 3 9

R5,R6,R7

12

T1,R3,R5,R6

14

T1,R2,R4

16

T1,R3,R4,R6

18

10 11

12 13 14

15 16

17 18

19

20

Goodmans lineSoderbergs lineModified goodmans line UNIT-III Riveted and welded joints Design of joints with initial stresses-eccentric loading UNIT-IV BOLTED JOINTS : Design of bolts with pre-stresses Design of joints under eccentric loading Locking devices both of uniform strength, different seals UNIT-V KEYS, COTTERS AND KNUCKLE JOINTS: Design of keysstresses in keys Cottered jointsspigot and socket, sleeve and cotter, jib and cotter joints Knuckle joints UNIT-VI SHAFTS : Design of solid and hollow shafts for strength and rigidity Design of shafts for combined bending and axial loads-shaft sizesBIS code Use of internal and external circlips, Gaskets and seals (stationary &

T1,R3,R4,R6

21

T1,R2,R4,R6,R7 T1,R5,R6,R7

2 4

23 27

T1,R5,R6,R7 T1,R5,R6, T1,R6,R7

2 2 2

29 31 33

T1,R4,R6,R7 T1,R5,R6,R7

1 4

34 38

T1,R4,R6 T1,R4,R6,R7

2 2

40 42

T2,R4,R5,R6

45

T2,R5,R6

46

21

22

23

24

25

rotary) UNIT-VII SHAFT COUPLING : Rigid couplings Muff, Split muff and Flange couplings Flexible couplingsFlange coupling (Modified) . UNIT-VIII MECHANICAL SPRINGS : Stresses and deflections of helical springsExtensioncompression springs Springs for fatigue loading-natural frequency of helical springsEnergy storage capacity-helical torsion springs Co-axial springs, leaf springs

T1,T2,R4,R5,R6,R7

48

T2,R4,R5,R6

50

T2,R4,R5

53

T2,R4,R5

56

T2,R4,R5

60

Submission Dates for Assignments: S. No. 1 2 3 4 Assignment Topic 1 to 6 7 to 14 15 to 20 21 to 25 Last date for Submission 25-07-2011 15-08-2011 10-09-2011 30-10-2011

Portion for MID Tests & Date of test (tentative) 1. 2. Portion for the I MID test : Topic No: 1 to 14 Portion for the II MID test : Topic No: 15 to 25 10-09-2011 5-11-2011

Name of the Staff Code Semester

: G. Srinivasa Gupta Subject : Design of Machine Members-I : ME 55019 Course : B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) : III B. Tech. I (Semester) Year : 2011-2012

UNIT I INTRODUCTION : General considerations in the design of Engineering Materials and their propertiesselection-Manufacturing consideration in design. Tolerances and fits - BIS codes of steels. STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS : Simple stresses Combined stresses Torsional and bending stresses impact stresses stress strain relation Various theories of failure factor of safety Design for strength and rigidity preferred numbers. The concept of stiffness in tension, bending, torsion and combined situations- Static strength design based on fracture toughness. Learning objectives : after successful completion of unit I the student must be able to 1. Discuss general considerations in the design of Engineering materials 2. State and explain various properties of Engineering materials 3. Explain various factors which govern the selection of engineering materials 4. Enumerate manufacturing considerations in design. 5. Explain the terms Tolerances and fits and its importance in manufacturing of materials. 6. Discuss BIS codes of steels 7. Enumerate various types of stresses and develop the relation between stress and strain. 8. State and explain various theories of failures and their application in design of engineering materials. 9. Define factor of safety and explain its importance. 10.Discuss the term Design for strength and rigidity. 11.Explain the term preferred numbers. 12.Discuss the concept of stiffness in tension, bending, torsion and combined loading situations. 13.Explain concept static strength design based on fracture toughness. UNIT II FATIGUE LOADING : Stress concentration- theoretical stress concentration factor-Fatigue stress concentration factor notch sensitivity-Design for fluctuating stresses-Endurance limit- Estimation of Endurance strength-Fatigue theories of failure-Goodman and Soderberg.

Learning objectives : after successful completion of unit II the student must be able to 1. Explain the terms stress concentration, theoretical stress concentration factor, fatigue stress concentration factor, notch sensitivity and develop the relation between them. 2. Develop the procedures for design under fluctuating stresses. 3. Define endurance limit and describe the procedure for estimation of endurance strength. 4. Discuss the concept involved in Goodmans line, Soderbergs line.

UNIT III RIVETED AND WELDED JOINTS: Riveted joints: Modes of failure of riveted joints Strength Equations efficiency of riveted joints Design of boiler joints eccentrically loaded riveted joints. Welded joints: Design of Fillet welds axial loads Circular fillet welds bending and torsion eccentrically loaded joints. Learning objectives : after successful completion of unit III the student must be able to 1.Explain various fabrication methods and relative merits and demerits of each. 2.Develop the procedures for design of joints with initial stresses. 3.Design riveted and welded joints under eccentric loading. UNIT IV BOLTED JOINTS: Design of bolts with pre-stresses-Design of joints under eccentric loading- bolt of uniform strength, Cylinder cover joints. Learning objectives : after successful completion of unit IV, the student must be able to 1. Explain importance of bolted joints. 2. Describe procedures for design of bolts with pre-stresses. 3. Discuss design of bolted joint under eccentric loading. 4. Enumerate various types of locking devices. 5. Explain the term uniform strength. 6. Differentiate various types of seals.

UNIT V AXIALLY LOADED JOINTS: Design of keys-stresses in keys- cottered joints spigot and socket, sleeve and cotter, jib and cotter joints - Knuckle joints. Learning objectives : after successful completion of unit V the student must be able to 1. Discuss various modes of failure occur in keys and their design. 2. State and explain various types of cottered joints and important features of each. 3. Discuss the design procedure of each type of cottered joints. 4. Distinguish the design procedure for cotter and knuckle joints. UNIT VI DESIGN OF SHAFTS: Design of solid and hollow shafts for strength and rigidity Design of shafts for complex loads Shaft sizes BIS code Design of Shaft for a gear and belt drives. Learning objectives : after successful completion of unit VI the student must be able to 1. Explain the Design procedure for solid and hollow shafts for strength and rigidity. 2. Discuss design procedure when shafts under combined bending and axial loads. 3. Mention standardization of shaft sizes and their specifications under BIS code. 4. Discuss the design aspects of shaft for a gear and belt drives. UNIT VII SHAFT COUPLING : Rigid couplings Muff, Split muff and Flange couplings. Flexible couplings Pin Bush coupling. Learning objectives : after successful completion of unit VII the student must be able to 1. Discuss the purpose of coupling Explain the classification of couplings. 2. Describe the design procedure for Muff, Split muff and Flange couplings. 3. Distinguish the importance of Flexible coupling over other types. 4. Enumerate the design procedure for Flange coupling and Modified flange coupling. UNIT VIII MECHANICAL SPRINGS: Stresses and deflections of helical springs- Extension compression springs Springs for static and fatigue loading natural frequency of helical springs Energy storage capacity helical torsion springs Co-axial springs. Learning objectives : after successful completion of unit VIII the student must be able to 1. 2. Discuss the classification of springs and special features of each. Derive the relations between stress and load & deflection and load for any type of

spring. 3. 4. 5. 6. Describe the design procedure when springs under fatigue loading. Explain the concept of natural frequency of helical springs. Derive the relations for energy storage capacity for various types of springs. Differentiate the advantages of co-axial springs over other springs.

III B.Tech (Mechanical) I semester Assignment I Date : (1)A machine member 0.05m diameter and 0.25 m long is supported at one end as a cantilever. The transverse load at the free end is 2750 N causes bending, axial load is 13.75 KN and twisting moment at the free end is 250Nm. Determine principle stresses and maximum shear stresses for the following cases. (a)Bending and torsion loads (b)Bending and axial loads (c)Torsion and axial loads\ (d)Bending, axial and torsional loads (2)A bolt is subjected to an axial force of 10 KN with a transverse shear force of 5 KN. The permissible tensile stress at elastic limit is 100 MPa and the poissions ratio is 0.3 for the bolt material. Determine the diameter of the bolt required according to each theory of failure. (3)A shaft is designed based on maximum distortion energy theory with a factor of safety of 2.0. The material used is 30C8 steel with a yield stress of 310 MPa. It is subjected to an axial load of 40 KN. Determine the maximum torque capacity. Diameter of shaft is 20 mm (4)The stress induced at a critical point in a machine component made of steel 45C8 (Syt = 380 MPa) are as follows: = 100MPa, = 40 MPa, = 80 MPa. Calculate factor of safety by (i) the maximum principal stress theory and (ii) the maximum shear stress theory. (5) A Cantilever beam of section width 50 mm and depth 150 mm is 1.5 m long. This beam is struck by a load of 1000 N which falls from a height of 10 mm at its free end. Determine the maximum deflection, maximum stress, impact factor and maximum load intensity. Also determine static deflection and static stress. (6) Write a brief note on different phases of design. Discuss various general considerations that are taken into account while designing a machine element.
x y xy

(7)A 50 mm diameter steel shaft is supported on bearings 1.5m apart and carries a fly wheel weighing W. The allowable bending stress for the shaft material and the maximum deflection are limited to 100 MPa and 2 mm respectively. The youngs modulus for the shaft material is 210 GPa. D etermine the Maximum permissible weight of the flywheel. (8)The diameter of a piston of the steam engine is 250 mm and the maximum steam pressure is 0.8 N/mm2, find the size of the piston rod. (9)A flange coupling is held together by four M24 bolts, and arranged on bolt circle of 150 mm. Each bolt is initially tightened to a load of 50 KN to make a tight joint. The power transmitted by the coupling is 5Kw at a speed of 600 RPM. Estimate the Maximum Normal and Shear Stresses in the Bolt Material. (10)A hollow shaft is required to transmit 600 KW at 110 rpm the maximum torque being 20% greater than the mean. The shear stress is not to exceed 63 MPa and twist in a length of 3 meters not to exceed 1.4 degrees. Find the external diameter of the shaft, if the internal diameter to the external diameter is 3/8. Take G = 84 GPa. III B.Tech (Mechanical) I semester Assignment II Date : Date : 1.A 40 mm diameter shaft is made of steel 50C4 (Sut = 660 N/mm 2) and has a machined surface. The expected reliability is 99%. The theoretical stress concentration factor for the shape of the shaft is 1.6 and the notch sensitivity factor is 0.9. Determine the endurance strength of the shaft. 2.A shaft supported as a simple beam, 0.45 mm long, is made of AISI 3120 steel. With the shaft rotating a steady load of 8000 N is applied midway between the bearings. The surfaces are ground. Indefinite life is desired with a factor of safety of 1.6 based on endurance strength. What should be the minimum diameter of the shaft if there are no surface discontinuities? Endurance limit is 630 MPa. Size factor is 0.85 and machine surface finish factor 0.87. (3) A leaf spring in an automobile is subjected to cyclical stresses. The average stress = 150 MPa, variable stress = 50 MPa, Ultimate stress = 630 MPa, Yield point stress = 350 MPa and endurance limit = 150 MPa. Estimate under what factor of safety the spring is working, by Goodman and Soderberg formulae. (4) A stepped shaft transmits a torque varying from 800 Nm to 1200 Nm. The ratio of diameter is 1.5and the stress concentration factor is 1.2. Determine the diameter of the shaft for an infinite life for a design factor of safety 1.8. The Ultimate tensile strength of the material of the shaft is 600 MPa. Yield

stress of the material is 450 MPa. Consider the size effect and surgace finish effect. (5)A round shaft made of cold finished AISI 1020 steel is subjected to a variable torque whose maximum value is 700 KN-m. For a factor of safety of 1.5 on the Soderberg criterion, determine the diameter of the shaft if a.The torque is reversed b.The torque varies from zero to maximum c.The torque varies from 300 Nm to a maximum Assume, Correction (6) A bar of circular cross-section is subjected to alternating tensile forces varying from a minimum of 200 kN to a maximum of 500kN. It is to be manufactured of a material with an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa and an endurance limit of 700 MPa. Determine the diameter of bar using safety factors of 3.5 related to ultimate tensile strength and 4 related to endurance limit and a stress concentration factor of 1.65 for fatigue load. Use Goodman straight line as basis for design. 7.A steel connecting rod is subjected to a completely reversed axial load of 120 KN. Suggest the suitable size of the rod using a factor of safety 1.8. The ultimate strength of the material is 1000 MPa. Load correction factor 0.7 Size factor0.85 Surface finish factor 0.8 8.A pulley is keyed to a shaft midway between two anti-friction bearings. The bending moment of the pulley varies from 150 Nm to 450 Nm as torsional moment of the shaft varies from 50 Nm to 150 Nm. The frequency of variation of the loads is the same as the shaft speed. The shaft is made of cold drawn steel having an ultimate strength of 550 MPa and yield strength of 310 MPa. Determine the required diameter for an indefinite life. The stress concentration factor for the key way in bending and torsion may be taken as 1.6 and 1.3 respectively. Use a design factor of 1.8, size factor 0.85 and surface correction factor 0.88. Use for torsion, Size correction factor = 0.6 and The nominal design torsion stress = 0.6 Yield point in tension. 9.A shaft is made of steel ultimate tensile strength 700 MPa and yield point 420 MPa is subjected to a torque varying from 200N m anti-clockwise to 600 Nm clockwise. Calculate the diameter of the shaft if the factor of safetyis 2 and it is based on the yield point and the endurance strength in shear. 10.A hot rolled shaft is subjected to torsional load that varies from 320 Nm clockwise to 120 Nm anticlockwise and an applied bending moment at a critical section varies from 400 Nm to 200 Nm. The shaft is of uniform cross section. Determine the required shaft diameter. The material has an ultimate strength of 560 MPa and yield strength of 420 MPa. Assume factor of safety to be 2.

11.Bending stress in a machine part fluctuate between a tensile stress of 280 MPa and compressive stress of 140 MPa. What should be the minimum ultimate tensile strength to carry this fluctuation indefinitely according to (i)Goodmans formula (ii)Soderbergs formula The factor of safety may be assumed to be 1.75. Assume that yield point is never likely to be less than 55% of the ultimate tensile strength or greater than 93 % of it. III B.Tech (Mechanical) I semester Assignment III Date : (1)A double riveted butt joint, in which the pitch of the rivets in the outer rows is twice that in the inner rows, connects two 16 mm thick plates with two cover plates each 12 mm thick. The diameter of the rivets is 22 mm. Determine the pitches of the rivets in the two rows if the working stresses are not to exceed the following limits: Tensile stress in plates = 100 MPa, Shear stress in rivets = 75 MPa and bearing stresses in rivets and plates = 150 MPa. Make a fully dimensioned sketch of the joint showing atleast two views. [Question from Set No. 1, Nov. 2005/Regular Examiniations] (2)Two lengths of mild steel tie rod having width 200 mm are to be connected by means of Lozenge joint with two cover plates to withstand a tensile load of 180 KN. Completely design the joint, if the permissible stresses are 80 MPa in tension, 65 MPa in shear and 160 MPa in crushing. Draw a neat sketch of the joint. [Question fromSet No. 2, Nov. 2005/Regular Examiniations] (3)A triple riveted lap joint with zig-zag riveting is to be designed to connect two plates of 6 mm thickness. Determine the diameter of the rivet, pitch of rivets and distance between the rows of the rivets. Indicate how the joint will fail. Also, find the efficiency of the joint. The permissible stresses are 120 MPa in tension, 100 MPa in shear and 150 MPa in crushing. [Question fromSet No. 3, Nov. 2005/Regular Examiniations] (4)A double riveted double cover butt joint in plates 20-mm thick is made with 25 mm diameter rivets at 100 mm pitch. The permissible stresses are 120 MPa in tension, 100 MPa in shear and 150 MPa in crushing. Find the efficiency of joint, taking the strength of the rivet in double shear as twice than that of single shear. [Question from Set No. 4, Nov. 2005/Regular Examiniations] (5) A double riveted lap joint is made between 15 mm thick plates. The rivet diameter

and pitch are 25 mm and 75 mm respectively. If the ultimate stresses are 400 MPa in tension, 320 MPa in shear and 640 MPa in crushing, find the minimum force per pitch which will rupture the joint.If the above joint is subjected to a load such that the factor of safety is two, find out the actual stresses developed in the plates and the rivets. [Question from Set No. 1, May 2005/Supplementary Examiniations] (6)Two plates 16 mm thick are joined by a double riveted lap joint. The pitch of each row of rivets is 90 mm. The rivets are 25 mm in diameter. The permissible stresses are 140 MPa in tension, 80 MPa in shear and 160 MPa in crushing. Find the efficiency of the joint. [Question from Set No. 2, May 2005/Supplementary Examiniations] (7)An eccentrically loaded lap riveted joint is to be designed for a steel bracket as shown in fig. The bracket plate is 25 mm thick. All rivets are to be of the same size. Load on the bracket, P = 50 KN, rivet spacing c = 100 mm, load arm e = 400mm. Permissible shear stress is 65 MPa and Crushing stress is 120 MPa. Determine the size of the rivets to be used for the joint.

III B.Tech (Mechanical) I semester Assignment IV Date : 1.a) What do you understand by the term welded joint? How it differs from the riveted joint? 2.A Plate 75 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is joined with another plate by a single transverse weld and a double parallel fillet weld as shown in fig. The maximum tensile and shear stresses are 70 MPa and 56 MPa respectively. Find the length of each parallel fillet weld, if the joint is subjected to both static and fatigue loading. Assume a length of 12.5 mm for starting and stopping of weld run. Take stress concentration factor for transverse weld as 1.5 and for parallel fillet welds as 2.5. 3.Sketch and discuss the various types of welded joints used in pressure vessels. 4.A 125X95X10 mm angle is joined to a frame by two parallel fillet welds along the edge of 125 mm length. If the angle is subjected to a static load of 180 kN, find the length of weld at the top and bottom. The allowable static load per mm weld length is 430N. 5.A 200X150X10 mm angle is joined to a frame by two parallel fillet welds along the edge of 200 mm length. If the angle is subjected to a static load of 200 KN, find the length of weld at the top and bottom. The allowable shear stress for static loading may be taken as 75 MPa. 6.Prove that a square key is equally strong in shear and compression. 7.Sketch the keys a) Woodruff keb) saddle keyc) Kennedy keyd) Gib head key. 8.Differentiate between a flat key and feather key.

9.Determine the required length of a square key if the key and shaft are to be made of same material and of equal strength. 10.Design a cotter joint to withstand an axial load varying from 60 KN in tension to 60 KN in compression. The allowable stresses for the steel used in the joint are 60MPa in tension; 75 MPa in crushing; 48 MPa in shear. 11.Design a cotter joint to withstand an axial load varying from 20KN in tension to 60 KN in compression. The allowable stresses for the steel used in the joint are 50 MPa in tension; 70 MPa in crushing; 40 MPa in shear. III B.Tech (Mechanical) I semester Assignment V Date : 1.Explain the effect of key way on the strength of a shaft. 2.Write the comparison between solid shafts, hollow shafts and spindles. 3.A shaft is required to transfer 43KW of power at 600 rpm. The outside diameter must not exceed 50 mm and the maximum shear stress is not to exceed 70 N/mm2. Find out the dimensions of hollow and solid shaft, which would meet their requirements. Also compare their weights. 4.Compute the diameter of a solid shaft which has to transmit 16KW power at 300 rpm. Ultimate shear stress per shaft material is 350 N/mm2 and factor of safety for design is 6. If a hollow shaft replaces the solid shaft, find the inside and outside diameters if the ratio is 0.5. 5.A shaft is supported by two bearings placed 1.2 m apart. A 600 mm diameter pulley is mounted at a distance of 300mm to the right of left hand bearing and this drives a pulley directly below it with the help of a belt having maximum tension of 2kN. Another pulley 400 mm diameter is placed 200 mm to the left hand bearing and is driven with the help of an electric motor and belt which is placed horizontally to the right. The angle of contact for both the pulleys is 180 0and coefficient of friction is 0.24. Calculate the diameter of the shaft taking working stresses of 63 Mpa in tension and 42 Mpa in shear. 6.A shaft running at 400 rpm transmits 10 kW. Assuming allowable shear stress in shaft is 40 Mpa, find the diameter of the shaft. 7.Determine the diameter of the hollow shaft with inside dia = 0.6 outside dia. The shaft is driven by an overhung pulley of 90 cm diameter. Take weight of pulley is 60 kg, the belt tensions as 290 and 100 kg, over hang= 25 cm, angle of lap is 1800. 8.Why are two universal joints after used when there is angular misalignment between two shafts.

9.Design a cast Iron protective flange coupling to connect two shafts in order to transmit 7.5 kW at 720 rpm. The following permissible stresses may be used . Permissible shear stress for shaft, bolt and key material is 33 MPa, permissible crushing stress for bolt and key material is 60 Mpa. Permissible shear stress for the cast iron is 15 Mpa. 10.Design a cmpression coupling for a shaft to transmit 1300 N-m. The allowable shear stress for the shaft and key is 40 Mpa and the number of bolts connecting the two halves are 4. The permissible tensile stress for the bolt material is 70 Mpa. The coefficient of friction between the muff and the shaft surface may be taken as 0.3. 11.A rigid coupling is used to transmit 20 kW power at 720 rpm. There are four bolts and the pitch circle diameter of the bolts is 125mm. The bolts are made of steel 45C8 (Syt = 380 N/mm2) and the factor of safety is 3. Determine the diameter of the bolt.
12.A universal coupling is used to connect two mild steel shafts transmitting a torque of 5000 N-m. Assuming that the shafts are subjected to torsion only. Find the diameter of the shaft and pins. The allowable shear stresses for the shaft and pin may be taken as 60 Mpa and 28 Mpa respectively. 13.The shaft and the flange of a marine engine are to be designed for flange coupling, in which the flange is forged on the end of the shaft. The following particulars are to be considered in the design.

Power of the engine = 3 MW Speed of the engine = 100 rpm Permissible shear stress in bolts and shaft = 60 Mpa Number of bolts used = 8 Pitch circle diameter of bolts = 1.6 X diameter of shaft. Find (i) Diameter of shaft (ii) Diameter of bolts (iii) Thickness of flange (iv) diameter of flange.

Submission Assignment Topic Dates for Assignments: S. No. 1 1 to 6 2 3 4 7 to 14 15 to 20 21 to 25

Last date for Submission

25-07-2011 15-08-2011 10-09-2011 30-10-2011

Name of the Staff : Dr.S.V.S.S.SRINIVASA RAJU Subject : Managerial Economics and Code : 55015 Financial Analysis (MEFA) Course : B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) Year : (2011-2012) Semester : IIIrd B.Tech (Ist Semester) Credits : T P C 4+1* 0 4 Objective: To explain the basic principles of managerial economics, accounting and current business environment underlying business decision making. Unit I Introduction to Managerial Economics: Definition, Nature and Scope of Managerial EconomicsDemand Analysis: Demand Determinants, Law of Demand and its exceptions. Unit- II Elasticity of Demand: Definition, Types, Measurement and Significance of Elasticity of Demand. Demand Forecasting, Factors governing demand forecasting, methods of demand forecasting (survey methods, statistical methods, expert opinion method, test marketing, controlled experiments, judgmental approach to demand forecasting) Unit -III Theory of Production and Cost Analysis: Production Function Isoquants and Isocosts, MRTS, Least Cost Combination of Inputs, CobbDouglas Production function, Laws of Returns, Internal and External Economies of Scale. Cost Analysis: Cost concepts, Opportunity cost, Fixed vs. Variable costs, Explicit costs Vs. Implicit costs, Out of pocket costs vs. Imputed costs. Break-even Analysis (BEA)-Determination of Break-Even Point (simple problems)- Managerial Significance and limitations of BEA. Unit- IV Introduction to Markets & Pricing Policies: Market structures: Types of competition, Features of Perfect competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition. Price-Output Determination in case of Perfect Competition and Monopoly. Objectives and Policies of Pricing - Methods of Pricing: Cost Plus Pricing, Marginal Cost Pricing, Sealed Bid Pricing, Going Rate Pricing, Limit Pricing, Market Skimming Pricing, Penetration Pricing, Two-Part Pricing, Block Pricing, Bundling Pricing, Peak Load Pricing, Cross Subsidization. Unit -V Business & New Economic Environment: Characteristic features of Business, Features and evaluation of Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Joint Stock Company, Public Enterprises and their types, Changing Business Environment in Postliberalization scenario.

Unit -VI Capital and Capital Budgeting: Capital and its significance, Types of Capital, Estimation of Fixed and Working capital requirements, Methods and sources of raising finance. Nature and scope of capital budgeting, features of capital budgeting proposals, Methods of Capital Budgeting: Payback Method, Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and Net Present Value Method (simple problems) Unit-VII Introduction to Financial Accounting: Double-Entry Book Keeping, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance- Final Accounts (Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with simple adjustments). Unit-VIII Financial Analysis through ratios: Computation, Analysis and Interpretation of Liquidity Ratios (Current Ratio and quick ratio), Activity Ratios (Inventory turnover ratio and Debtor Turnover ratio), Capital structure Ratios (Debt- Equity ratio, Interest Coverage ratio), and Profitability ratios (Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit ratio, Operating Ratio, P/E Ratio and EPS). TEXT BOOKS: 1. Aryasri: Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, 2/e, TMH, 2005. 2. Varshney & Maheswari: Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand, 2003. REFERENCES: 1. Ambrish Gupta, Financial Accounting for Management, Pearson Education, New Delhi. 2. H. Craig Peterson & W. Cris Lewis, Managerial Economics, PHI, 4th Ed. 3. Suma Damodaran, Managerial Economics, Oxford University Press. 4. Lipsey & Chrystel, Economics, Oxford University Press. 5. S. A. Siddiqui & A. S. Siddiqui, Managerial Economics & Financial Analysis, New age International Space Publications. 6. Domnick Salvatore: Managerial Economics In a Global Economy, 4th Edition, Thomson. 7. Narayanaswamy: Financial AccountingA Managerial Perspective, PHI. 8. Raghunatha Reddy & Narasimhachary: Managerial Economics& Financial Analysis, Scitech. 9. S.N.Maheswari & S.K. Maheswari, Financial Accounting, Vikas. 10. Truet and Truet: Managerial Economics:Analysis, Problems and Cases, Wiley. 11. Dwivedi:Managerial Economics, 6th Ed., Vikas. Codes/Tables: Present Value Tables need to be permitted into the examinations Hall. Question Paper Pattern: 5 Questions to be answered out of 8 questions. Out of eight questions, 4 questions will be theory questions and 4 questions should be problems. Each question should not have more than 3 bits.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Name of the Staff Code Course : Dr.S.V.S.S.SRINIVASA RAJU Subject : Managerial Economics and : 55015 Financial Analysis (MEFA) : B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) Year : (2011-2012)

: IIIrd B.Tech (Ist Semester) Semester Unit I Introduction to Managerial Economics: Definition, Nature and Scope of Managerial EconomicsDemand Analysis: Demand Determinants, Law of Demand and its exceptions. Learning objectives: At the end of this unit I the student will be able to : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Unit- II Elasticity of Demand: Definition, Types, Measurement and Significance of Elasticity of Demand. Demand Forecasting, Factors governing demand forecasting, methods of demand forecasting (survey methods, statistical methods, expert opinion method, test marketing, controlled experiments, judgmental approach to demand forecasting) Learning objectives: After completion of Unit-II the Students will be able to know, 1 Quantitative measurement of change in Quality demanded as a result of change in demand determinant. 2 How Elasticity of Demand helps businessman in fixing right price for his product. 3 Factors determining nature of Demand for a product. 4 Importance of estimating demand for commodities. 5 Types of Elasticity of Demand and measurement of the same. 6 The significance of elasticity of demand 7 Factors to be taken into account while undertaking demand forecasting activity. 8 Possible approaches to forecast demand of new and established products. Define Managerial Economics Identify the factors that constitute scope of Managerial Economics. Explain significance of Managerial Economics and how it helps business managers in performing decision making function. Define what is Demand Analyze the important factors determining demand for a commodity. List out the conditions or situations under which law of demand does not holds good. Explain assumptions of Law of Demand. The linkage of Managerial Economics with other sciences.

Unit -III Theory of Production and Cost Analysis: Production Function Isoquants and Isocosts, MRTS, Least Cost Combination of Inputs, CobbDouglas Production function, Laws of Returns, Internal and External Economies of Scale. Cost Analysis: Cost concepts, Opportunity cost, Fixed vs. Variable costs, Explicit costs Vs. Implicit costs, Out of pocket costs vs. Imputed costs. Break-even Analysis (BEA)-Determination of Break-Even Point (simple problems)- Managerial Significance and limitations of BEA. Learning objectives: After studying Unit-III the Students should be able to, Define various types of costs Distinguish between one type of cost and the others. Analyze the nature of various costs and how they influence the total cost. 4 Explain the significance of cost analyses in taking right decisions in business enterprises. 5 Determine the level of output at which there is neither profit nor loss. 6 Calculate / Identify the volume of sales at which a desired amount of profit can be earned. 7 Define what do you mean by Production Function 8 Classify various production Functions. 9 Explain Input Output relationship in the short run and in the long run 10 Identify least cost combination of inputs. 11 Find out the different combinations of inputs which yields desired amount of output. 12 Explain the economies and diseconomies of large scale production / business relations. Unit- IV Introduction to Markets & Pricing Policies: Market structures: Types of competition, Features of Perfect competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition. Price-Output Determination in case of Perfect Competition and Monopoly. Objectives and Policies of Pricing - Methods of Pricing: Cost Plus Pricing, Marginal Cost Pricing, Sealed Bid Pricing, Going Rate Pricing, Limit Pricing, Market Skimming Pricing, Penetration Pricing, Two-Part Pricing, Block Pricing, Bundling Pricing, Peak Load Pricing, Cross Subsidization. 1 2 3

Learning objectives: After completion of this Unit the Students will be able to 1 2 3 4 5 6 Classify the markets based on type of completion prevailing for a product Explain the role of time factor in the determination of price. Also explain price out determination in different market situation. Describe the features of different markets. Explain different pricing strategies. Analysis the situations under which what type of price strategy must be adopted in pricing the products. Unit -V Business & New Economic Environment: Characteristic features of Business, Features and evaluation of Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Joint Stock Company, Public Enterprises and their types, Changing Business Environment in Postliberalization scenario. Learning objectives: After completion of this Unit the Students must be able to, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Unit -VI Capital and Capital Budgeting: Capital and its significance, Types of Capital, Estimation of Fixed and Working capital requirements, Methods and sources of raising finance. Nature and scope of capital budgeting, features of capital budgeting proposals, Methods of Capital Budgeting: Payback Method, Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and Net Present Value Method (simple problems Define the term Business and explain feature of Business. Explain the forms of organizing business enterprises. Determine the factors which help in identifying suitable form of organization. Pinpoint the rationale of the present large-scale presence of public enterprises in our economy. Outline economic and non-economic objectives of public enterprises. Analysis various forms of organizing public enterprises. Explain problems of PEs and also suggest measures to solve the same. Analyze the changes in business environment ( Recent trends in Business sector )

Learning objectives: After Successful completion of this Unit the Students will be able to, 1 Estimate capital requirements of a business enterprises. 2 Describe the sources of mobilization long-term & short-term capital. 3 Explain factors determining working capital and fixed capital requirements. 4 Evaluate the investment opportunities in terms of cost and benefit. 5 Identify the best investment opportunity which yields higher rate of return. 6 Explain importance of capital budgeting and also explain basic procedure involved in selection of best investment proposal Unit-VII Introduction to Financial Accounting: Double-Entry Book Keeping, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance- Final Accounts (Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with simple adjustments). Learning objectives: After Successful completion of Unit VII the Students will be able to 1 2 3 4 5 6 Record the business transaction systematically in the books of accounts. Post journal entries into concerned accounts in the ledger book. Find out the gross and net results of business operations. Prepare balance sheet at the end of business year. Distinguish between fixed assets and current assets, Deft and equity, Gross profit and net profit, Debtors and creditors. Explain the basic accounting concepts and conventions and also give examples.

Unit-VIII Financial Analysis through Ratios: Computation, Analysis and Interpretation of Liquidity Ratios (Current Ratio and quick ratio), Activity Ratios (Inventory turnover ratio and Debtor Turnover ratio), Capital structure Ratios (Debt- Equity ratio, Interest Coverage ratio), and Profitability ratios (Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit ratio, Operating Ratio, P/E Ratio and EPS). Learning objectives: At the end of this unit VIII the student will be able to 1 Analyze the liquidity, solvency, profitability of the business organization. 2 3 4 Calculate liquidity ratios, activities ratio, solvency ratios and profitability ratios Elaborate the importance of finance function for evaluating the economic status of a business unit. Explain how different ratios help concerned parties in interpreting financial position of business in general and interested financial aspect of business in particular.

Name of the Staff : Dr.S.V.S.S.SRINIVASA RAJU Subject : Managerial Economics and Code : 55015 Financial Analysis (MEFA) Course : B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) Year : (2011-2012) Semester : IIIrd B.Tech (Ist Semester) MODEL QUESTION PAPER 1 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Marks : 5 x 16 = 80 Max. Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks --1. State the Law of Demand. What are the various factors that determine the demand for a mobile phone? 2. What is meant by Elasticity of demand. What are the factors that determine the elasticity demand? 3. (a) Discuss the benefits and limitations of Break even Analysis. (b) With assumed data, illustrate the following: i. Breakeven output and sales value ii. Margin of safety iii. P/ v ratio iv. Output to achieve targeted profit 4. (a) What are the salient features of Monopoly? (b) In what different aspects monopoly is distinct from perfect competition. 5. What are the pros and cons of privatisation ? 6. What do you understand by working capital ? Explain the various factors influencing working capital requirements 7. Explain the following concepts and illustrate their treatment with imaginary data. i. Depreciation ii. Prepaid expenses iii. Reserve for bad and doubtful debts iv. Income received in advance 8. (a) From the following information, calculate i. Debt Equity ratio ii. Current ratio

Time: 3 hours

Rs. Debentures Long term loans General reserve Creditors Bills payable Share capital 1,40,000 70,000 40,000 66,000 14,000 1,20,000

Rs. Bank balance 30,000 Sundry Debtors 70,000

(b) Calculate Amounts receivables Turnover ratio form the following information. Rs. Net profit after deducting interest and taxes 12% Debentures of the face value of Amount provided towards taxation *** 6,00,000 15,00,000 1,20,000

MODEL PAPER 2 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Answer any five of the following, all questions carry equal marks Marks : 5 x 16 = 80 1. What is Managerial Economics? Explain its focus areas. 2. What are the needs for Demand Forecasting? Explain various steps involved in Demand Forecasting. 3. (a) Distinguish between the following: i. Average Cost and Marginal Cost ii. Explicit Cost and Implicit Cost iii. Short Run Average Cost and Long Run Average Cost iv. Variable Cost and Semi Variable Cost (b) Diagrammatically represent the relationship between Average Fixed Cost, Average variable Cost, Unit Cost and Marginal Cost. 4. (a) Define Market and explain how Markets are classified? (b) What are the important features in any Market Structure?

5. What are the different types of companies and distinguish between Private and Public Company. 6. Explain the right procedure for a Capital Budgeting decision. 7. The following Trial Balance belongs to Siva Ram as on 31st December 2004.Prepare a Trading, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. Debit (Rs.) Purchases and Sales Sales returns and Purchase Returns Sundry debtors & Creditors Bills receivable and Bills payable Opening stock Wages Fuel and power Postage and stationery Trade expenses Interest received Bad debts Drawings and capital 1,65,625 4,250 40,200 26,720 1,20,500 35,000 10,500 5,750 7,500 9,500 4,500 10,000 4,30,545 Adjustments i. Closing stock was valued at Rs.95,000 ii. Wages were outstanding by Rs. 5,000 iii. Outstanding interest receivable Rs.500 9. (a) The cost of a project is Rs 50,000 which has an expected life of 5 flows for next five years are Rs 24,000; Rs 26,000; Rs16,000 respectively. Determine the Pay Back Period.
Rs inflows after taxes.

Credit (Rs.) 2,56,650 2,120 30,720 20,625

1,10,930 4,30,545

years .the cash

Rs,20,000; Rs17,000 and

(b) A firm is considering two projects each with an initial investment of 20,000 and a life of 4Byears.The following is the list of estimated cash

Estimated cash inflows proposals for I,II&III Year 1 2 3 4 Total Proposal -I 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 50,000 Proposal -I 11,750 12,250, 12,500 13,500 50,000 Proposal -I 13,500 12,500 12,250 11,750 50,000 (b) Original Capital

Determine Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) on (a) Average Capital Employed ***

MODEL PAPER 3 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Answer any five of the following , all questions carry equal marks Marks : 5 x 16 = 80 1. Managerial Economics is the study of allocation of resources available to a firm or other unit of management among the activities of that unit. Explain. 2. (a) What do you understand by Elasticity of demand. How is it classified. (b) Determine price elasticity of demand given that the quantity demanded product is 1000 units when the price is Rs. 100 and when the price demand increases to 1500 units. 3. Define production function. How is it helpful while taking output decisions? 4. (a) Define Market and explain how markets are classified? (b) What are the important features in any market structure? 5. Explain the features of sole trader form of organization. Discuss the merits and demerits of sole trader from of organization 6. Explain the concept of capital budgeting and what is its practical utility ? 7. The following are the closing balances extracted from the books of Bhargav for the year ending 31st December 2004 with the help of which prepare Trading Account, Profit and Loss A/c and Balance Sheet. Debit balances Opening stock Purchases Carriage Drawings Investments Debtors Cash Printing charges Wages Rs. 6,050 9,030 220 450 3,800 2,500 1,350 1,200 1,100 25,700 25,700 Credit Balances Sales Purchases returns Capital Creditors Discounts received Mortgage loan 13,720 130 3,000 4,500 350 4,000 Rs. of a declines to Rs.90,

(a) Closing stock was valued at Rs.16,000 (b) Wages outstanding by Rs.900 (c) Outstanding discounts receivable Rs.150 (d) Write off bad debts Rs. 500 (e) Create a Reserve for Bad and doubtful debts Rs. 500 8. Explain different types of Ratios and Limitations of Ratio Analysis.. ***

Name of the Staff : Dr.S.V.S.S.SRINIVASA RAJU Subject : Managerial Economics and Code : 55015 Financial Analysis (MEFA) Course : B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) Year : (2011-2012) Semester : IIIrd B.Tech (Ist Semester) LESSON PLAN / TEACHING PLAN Total Periods: 74 S.NO ---1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ------1 2 3 4 5 6 S.NO 7 8 ------Description of the Topic UNIT- I Introduction to Economics Introduction to Managerial Economics Scope & significance of Managerial Economics Relation of Managerial Economics with others subjects Introduction to Demand & Types Demand Determinants Law of Demand Def , Assumptions & Exceptions Discussion of old Question papers Total Periods UNIT- II Elasticity of Demand, its definitions, Types Types of Price Elasticities Factors determining Elasticity of Demand Significance of Elasticity of Demand Meaning of Demand Forecasting & its significance Criteria for good Forecasting Factors involved in Demand Forecasting Methods of Demand Forecasting Discussions on old question papers Total Periods UNIT- III Production & Production function, Assumptions Types of production Functions, their utility Laws of production Function Economies & Diseconomies of scale Cost concepts, Cost classifications Break Even Analysis, Assumption, Significance & Limitations Description of the Topic Problems of BEA Arithmetical & Graphical presentation of BEA Total Periods UNIT- IV Number of Hours ---1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 08 ---1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 09 ---1 1 1 1 1 1 Number of Hours 1 1 08 ---Cumulative Number of Hours ---1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -----09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -----18 19 20 21 22 23 Cumulative Number of Hours 24 25 ------

1 2 3 4 5 6 ------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ----

Market , its types, their features Price output determination in Monopoly Price output determination in Perfect Competition Price output determination in Monopolistic Competition Pricing Function, its importance Different Pricing Strategies Total Periods UNIT- V Business, characteristics of Business, Types Types of Business Organizations-Sole Proprietorship Partnership-Features, Advantages & Demerits Joint Stock Company-Features, Merits, Demerits Formation of a Company Differences between Private Limited & Public Limited Company. Public Enterprises-Features, advantages and demerits Forms of organizing PEs Objectives, problems and solutions of PEs Changing business environment Total Periods UNIT- VI Capital-definition, significance, Types Fixed Capital-def; importance estimation and sources Working Capital-def; importance components sources and estimation, factors Capital Budgeting- definition, feature, importance, steps involved Methods of Capital Budgeting; Payback Methods Accounting Rate of Return, merits demerits Net Present Value Method, merits, demerits Total Periods

2 1 1 1 1 2 08 ---2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 12 ---1 1 2 2 1 1 1 09

27 28 29 30 31 33 ------35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 ------46 47 49 51 52 53 54 ----

S.NO ---1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ---1 2 3 4 5 ----

Description of the Topic UNIT-VII Introduction to Accounting Double Entry Book Keeping Rules of Debit & Credits & Types of Accounts Recording business transactions in Journal Posting Journal entries into concerned accounts Balancing accounts & preparations of trial balance Rules of preparing Final Accounts Preparation of Trading & Profit and Loss Account Preparation of Balance Sheet with simple examples Total Periods UNIT- VIII Analysis & Interpretation of Financial Statements, methods Ratio Analysis, Types of Ratios -Liquidity Ratios, calculation Activity Ratio-significance, calculation Capital Structure Ratios-significance, calculation Profitability Ratio, significance, calculation Total Periods

Number of Hours ---1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 15 1 1 1 1 2 06

Cumulative Number of Hours ---55 56 58 60 61 63 64 66 69 ---70 71 72 73 75 ----

Name of the Staff : Dr.S.V.S.S.SRINIVASA RAJU Subject : Managerial Economics and Code : 55015 Financial Analysis (MEFA) Course : B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) Year : (2011-2012) Semester : IIIrd B.Tech (Ist Semester) ASSIGNMENT- I (UNIT- I) 1. Managerial Economics is the discipline which deals with the application of Economic Theory to Business Management. explain 2. Managerial Economics is the study of the allocation of resources available to a firm. Explain 3. Managerial Economics is prescriptive rather than descriptive in character. Explain this statement. 4. Discuss in detail the role of Economics in Engineering Industry and its influence on the Technical Decisions. 5. Define Managerial Economics. Explain its relationship with other branches and also explain the role of managerial economist in running business enterprise on prudent commercial practice. 6. What is Demand Analysis? Explains the factors influencing the demand for a product. 7. What is meant by Demand ? Everyone desires for an Ambassador Car does this mean that the Demand for Ambassador Car is large ? 8. State and explain the Law of Demand. Are there any exceptions to the Law ? ASSIGNMENT- II (UNIT- II) examples, how Elasticity the Managers of a

1. What is meant by Elasticity of Demand? Explain by giving suitable of Demand determines the Price Policy of a firm.

2. Explain the concepts and kinds of Elasticity of Demand that are relevant to Firm.

3 What is Cross Elasticity of Demand? Is it positive for substitutes or for complements? Show in a diagram the curve relating to the Demand for coffee Elasticity differ from Price Elasticity of Demand? 5. Explain the factors determining Elasticity of Demand? 6. What do you mean by Demand Forecasting? Explain briefly various Forecasting? 7. What criteria should be adopted to choose a good Forecasting method in sales? determining firms methods of Demand to the price of tea. does Income 4 Define Income Elasticity of Demand and distinguish its various types? How

8. What are the factors that are considered while estimating a firms sale? difficulties in forecasting sale of consumer durables? ASSIGNMENT- III (UNIT- III)

Enumerate the

1. Define production function, Discuss in detail the different types of production 2. What is meant by internal and external economies of scale? What are its are various types of internal economies available to a firm? 3. Explain and illustrate the Law of Diminishing Returns and Law of Returns

function. sources? And what to scale?

4. What is optimum combination? Explain the principles of least cost combination of factors 5. Distinguish between Law of Diminishing Returns and Law of Returns to Scale? 6. What are Isocosts and Isoquants ? Do they intersect each others? 7. Explain the following with reference to production Function? a. Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution (MRTS) b. Variable Proportions of Factors 8. Explain the relationship between Marginal Cost, Average Cost and Total Cost, short run Non Linear Cost Function? 9. What is Opportunity Cost? Give some examples of Opportunity Cost. How is it Managerial Decisions? 10. Write a short notes on a) Fixed Cost and Variable Cost b) Out of Pocket Costs and Imputed Cost c) Explicit Cost and Implicit Cost. d) Shutdown Cost and Abandonment Cost 11. What is meant by Break Even Analysis? Explain the uses and Limitations of 12. Describe the Break Even Point with the help of a diagram and its uses in Decision Making? 13. How do you determine BEP in terms of Physical Units and Sales Value? 14. If sales is 10,000 units and selling price Rs.20 per units, variable cost Rs.10 fixed cost is Rs.80,000, find out BEP in units and in sales What should be the Sales for earning a Profit of Rs. 60,000? required to work Rs.14,000. per unit and revenue. What is the Profit earned? BEP Business relevant for assuming a

15. The PV ratio of IBM Ltd. Is 40% and the Margin of Safety is 30% you are out the BEP and Net Profit, if the Sales Volume is

16. Sales are Rs.1,10,000 producing a Profit of Rs.4,000 in Period I, Sales are producing a Profit of Rs,12,000 in Period II. Determine BEP ASSIGNMENT- IV (UNIT- IV)

Rs1,50,000

and Fixed Expenses.

1. Compare between Monopoly and Perfect Competition or Distinguish between Imperfect Markets? 3. What are the causes for the emergence of Monopoly? 4. Explain the objectives of Pricing and Determinants of Price of a Product?

Perfect and

2. What is Price Discrimination? What are the essential conditions for Price Discrimination?

5. What are the features of Monopolistic Competition? How is it different from Monopoly? 6. Explain how the price is determined under conditions of Perfect Competition. Illustrate this with the help of a diagram? 7. Define Monopoly. How is Price determined under Monopoly? 8. What are the various popular Pricing practices? Which of them are most when facing competition? ASSIGNMENT- V 1. What are the characteristics of a Business Unit? 2. Explain the features of Sole Trader form of Organization. Discuss the limitations of Sole Trader form of Organization? 3. Evaluate the Partnership form of Business organization. How does it overcome the limitation of Proprietary form of Business? 4. What qualities do you expect in persons to become good partners in 5. What do you understand by Joint Stock Company? What are its salient 6. What are the reasons for Joint Stock Company being popular as a form of 7. Discuss the factors affecting the choice of forms of Business Organization? 8. Distinguish between Public Limited and Private Limited Company? 9. What is need for Public Enterprises? Explain the recent achievements of Enterprises. 10. Explain briefly various steps involved in Formation of a Company? 11. Distinguish between Public Corporation and Government Company? 12 Examine the impact of changes that have taken place in Business Enterprise Functioning. Environment on Business Public Business? features? organization? advantages and (UNIT- V) suitable for a firm

ASSIGNMENT- VI

(UNIT- VI)

1. Describe the institutions providing Long Term Finance. 2. What are the major sources of Short Term Finance? 3. What are the components of Working Capital? Explain each of them? 4. Explain the following with respect to Working Capital Management a. Kinds of Working Capital b. Significance of maintaining adequate Working Capital. c. Estimation of Working Capital requirements. 5. What do you understand by Working Capital Cycle and what is its 6. What is the importance of Capital Budgeting? Explain evaluating Capital Budget Proposals? 7. What are the Merits and Limitations of Pay Back Period? How does Discounting in Capital after Approach overcome the limitations of Pay Back Method? 8. What is meant by Discounting and Time Value of Money? How is it useful Budgeting? 9. A business firm is thinking of choosing the right machines for their purpose financial evaluation of the proposal. The Initial Cost and the Net Cash Income less Running Expenses but not Depreciation ) to calculated for each machine as follows Machine X (Rs.) Initial Cost Net Cash Flow 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 20,000 8,000 12,000 9,000 7,000 6,000 Machine Y(Rs.) 28,000 10,000 12,000 12,000 6,000 6,000 Flow over years. ( importance? involved in

the basic steps

the Business Firm have been

Choose the machine based on

a. Payback Period b. Accounting Rate of Return cost of the

10. A company has at hand two proposals for consideration (M and N). The proposals in both the cases is Rs. 5,00,000 each. A Discount to evaluate the proposals. Cash Inflows after Year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year tax are as under.

Factor of 12% may be used

Proposal M (Rs.) 1,50,000 2,00,000 2,50,000 1,50,000 1,00,000

Proposal N (Rs.) 50,000 1,50,000 2,00,000 3,00,000 2,00,000

Which one will you recommend under Present Value Method? ASSIGNMENT- VII
(UNIT- VII)

1. Explain the basic Accounting Concepts and Conventions. Give examples. 2. What do you understand by Double Entry Book Keeping? What are its advantages? 3. What is Journal? How is it ruled? a. Define Ledger? State what is meant by Sub Division Ledger 4. What is Three Column Cash Book? What is Contra Entry? Illustrate 5. What is Trial Balance? State the main objectives of preparing the Trial Balance. Explain the rules of preparing the Trial Balance. 6. What do you mean by Final Accounts? What are its Constituents? Name them and briefly explain the purpose of each of them. 7. What are Financial Statements? Why they needed? How are they prepared? 8. Pass Journal Entries for the following transactions in the books of M/s. Ravi on 1 st August,2003 commenced business with Rs.1,00,000

Date 4.8.2003 5.8.2003 6.8.2003 10.8.2003 11.8.2003 15.8.2003 16.8.2003 20.8.2003 25.8.2003 21.8.2003 27.8.2003 30.8.2003

Particulars Purchased Goods Purchased Furniture Opened Bank Account with Sold Goods Sold Goods to Srihari Purchased Goods from Kalian Paid Commission Printing & Stationery Purchased Typewriter Drawn Money from Bank Received Interest Paid Rent Rs1,500/- and Salary

Amount(Rs.) 25,000 4,000 50,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 100 250 2,500 6,000 150 800

9. Journalize the following Transactions and post them to the Ledger. a. Ram invests Rs.10000 in cash b. He bought goods worth Rs.2000 from Shyam c. He bought a Machine for Rs.5000 from Lakshmi on Account d. He paid to Lakshman Rs.2000 e. He Sold Goods for Cash Rs.3000 f. He Sold goods to A on account Rs.4000 g. He paid to Shyam Rs.1000 h. He Received Amount from A Rs.2000

10. In the books of Hyma prepare trading, profit & loss account and balance sheet for the year endings 31st March 2003 from the following particulars. S.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Adjustments 1. Closing Stock 2. Write off Bad Debts 3. Prepaid Commission 4. Outstanding Salaries Rs.40,000 Rs.100 Rs.200 Rs.150 PARTICULARS Opening Stock Salaries Sales Motor Car Traveling Expenses Cash in hand Capital Interest Bills Receivables Wages Furniture & Fixtures Sundry Debtors Lighting Printing & Stationery Postage Returns Inwards Purchase Commission Bank Balance Advertisement Sundry Creditors Rs. 5,000 500 70,400 25,000 700 5,000 30,000 1,800 4,000 2,000 3,600 14,000 350 100 50 6,000 25,000 1,500 10,000 1,000 5,200

ASSIGNMENT- VIII

(UNIT- VIII)

1. What are the types of Financial Statements of a Business Unit and explain how differently they interpret the Financial Data 2. Explain the concept of Liquidity and narrate its importance through suitable examples with some assured data. 3. What do you understand by Solvency Position of a Manufacturing Organization? How is it evaluated? Illustrate with assumed data. 4. State the different types of Turnover Ratios and Profitability Ratios and explain their Significance. 5. As a Financial Analyst, what precautions would you take while interpreting Ratios meaning-fully? 6. Selected Financial Information about Sri Krishna Traders limited as given below :

Particulars Sales Cost of goods sold Debtors Inventories Cash Other Current Assets Current Liabilities

2001 6,00,000 5,70,000 72,000 1,14,000 15,000 40,000 1,60,000

2002 4,30,000 3,25,000 30,000 55,000 8,000 27,000 1,10,000

Compute the Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt Collection Period and Inventory Turnover Ratios for the above two years and comment on the result.

Name of the Staff : M. V. R. Durga Prasad Code : 55016 Year : (2011-2012) UNIT I

Subject : Metrology & Surface Engineering Course : B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) Semester : IIIrd B.Tech (Ist Semester)

Systems of limits and fits: Introduction, normal size, tolerance limits, deviations, allowance, fits and their types unilateral and bilateral tolerance system, hole and shaft basis systems interchangeability and selective assembly. Indian standard Institution system British standard system, International Standard system for plain and screwed work. Learning Objective: After completion of this Unit the student should be able to ---1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Assignment 1. Explain the terms: Hole based system, Shaft based system. Enumerate the difference between them. 2. What is the difference between tolerance and allowance? 3. Why might you use a shrink fit rather than welding to join two steel parts? What does the word shrink imply? 4. Determine and Sketch the limits of tolerance and allowance for a 50mm shaft and hole pair designated H7 d8. The basic size lies in the range of 30 50 mm. The multiplies for grades 7 and 8 are 16 and 25 respectively. The fundamental deviation ford shaft is (-16 D 0.44) microns. UNIT II LINEAR MEASUREMENT: Length standard, line and end standard, slip gauges calibration of the slip gauges, Dial indicator, micrometers. MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES AND TAPERS: Different methods Bevel protractor angle slip gauges spirit levels sine bar Sine plate, rollers and spheres used to determine the tapers. LIMIT GAUGES: Taylors principle Design of go and No go gauges, plug ring, snap, gap, taper, profile and position gauges. Differentiate between Metrology & Metallurgy. Differentiate between Limits & Fits, Tolerances. Discuss the limits & fits, tolerances and their uses in Automobile, HMT Industries. Identify whether the following fits are Hole based or Shaft based. Convert of H7 C8, J6 h5, H6 n5. etc. into their counter parts. Explain Selective assembly and Interchangeability concept with suitable examples, graphs used. Explain as the ISI systems of fits and tolerances and its uses in industries. Explain as the BIS systems of fits and tolerances and its uses in industries (1965). Explain International standard system for plain and screwed works with suitable examples.

Learning Objective: After completion of this Unit the student should be able to ---1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Explain the linear Measurement and its uses in Industry. Mention the types of slip gauges as per IS: 2984 1966. Calibrate the slip gauges and dial indicators. List the types of Micrometers and how to calibrate. Explain the construction details of Bevel protractor, Angle slip gauges and Sine bars. Identify the materials used for Sine plate, Rollers and Spheres and their uses. Derive the Taylors principle in design of tolerances. Design the GO and NOGO gauges and mention the types of GO and NOGO gauges for 20.4mm. Explain Plug, Ring, Snap, Gap, Taper Profile and Position gauges and their uses.

Assignment; 1. What are the different grades of gage blocks and, why do they come in sets? 2. What keeps gage blocks together when they are wrung together? 3. Describe the estimation of least count in Differential screw micrometer. Explain its working with a sketch. 4. Differentiate between line and end standards with reference to their characteristics. 5. Explicate the principle of sine bar for angular measurement. 6. Show the arrangement of angle gauges with neat sketches to measure. (i) 10o 20 and (ii) 56.26o with minimum number of gauges from a set of [ 1o, 3o , 9o , 27o , 41o] [1, 3, 9, 27] and [3, 6, 18, 38] 7. Discuss various methods of taper measurement of plug and ring gauges. 8. State the Talyors principle of gauges design. 10. Design general type Go and NO GO gauges for components having 55H8/d9 fit.The basic size falls in the diameter range of 50 80 mm. The fundamental deviation for d shaft = (-16 D 0.41) microns. The multipliers for 8 and 9 grades are 25 and 40. Take wear allowance as 10% of gauge tolerance. Sketch the gauges with values.

UNIT III OPTICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: Tool - makers microscope and its uses collimators, optical projector optical flats and their uses, interferometer.

FLAT SURFACE MEASUREMENT: Measurement of flat surfaces instruments used straight edges surface plates optical flat and auto collimator. Learning Objective: After completion of this Unit the student should be able to ---1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explain tool - makers microscope construction and working principle and its uses. Explain collimators construction and working principle and its uses. Explain optical projectors construction and working principle and its uses. Explain optical flats construction and working principle and its uses. Explain interferometer construction and working principle and its uses. Measure the flat surfaces using straight edges surface plates optical flat and auto collimator.

Assignment; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What are the numerous fringe contours in checking slip gauges by means of optical flats? Describe the method of experimental testing of such surfaces. Explain the working principle of a Autocollimator. Explicate the use of interferometer in measuring flatness of surfaces. Explicate the uses of (a) Autocollimator (b) Straight edge (c) Surface plates. Describe the working principle of tool makers microscope. What are its uses. Explicate the utility of straight edge and surface plate in laboratories.

UNIT IV SURFACE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT: Differences between surface roughness and surface waviness-Numerical assessment of surface finish CLA, R, R.M.S Values Rz values, R10 value, Methods of measurement of surface finish-profilograph. Talysurf, ISI symbols for indication of surface finish. Learning Objective: After completion of this Unit the student should be able to ---1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Differentiate between Surface roughness and surface waviness. Identify various types of surface roughness and surface waviness. Numerical assessment of surface finish CLA, R, R.M.S Values Rz values, R10 value Explain the working principle of profilograph and its uses. Explain the working principle of Talysurf and its uses. Indicate the surface finish using ISI symbols in a drawing.

Assignment; 1. Indicate the following on a typical surface. (i) Waviness height and width

(ii) Roughness width and height. (iii) Lay and Flaw. Define these terms. 2. State how surface finish is designated on drawings. How do you represent machining allowance of 0.5 mm, parallel lay, cut off length 2mm, finish 5mm Ra on a drawing. 3. What are the factors affecting surface roughness? What is the necessity for controlling the surface texture? 4. Explicate the details of construction, principle and operation of stylus. 5. What are various orders of geometrical irregularities on surfaces? How these are classified? 6. Describe with a neat sketch the construction, principle and operation of Tomlinson surface meter. 7. Differentiate between a gauge and comparator. UNIT V MEASUREMENT THROUGH COMPARATORS: Comparators Mechanical, Electrical and Electronic Comparators, pneumatic comparators and their uses in mass production. Learning Objective: After completion of this Unit the student should be able to ---7. Explain the working principle of Comparators Mechanical, Electrical and Electronic Comparators, pneumatic comparators and their uses in mass production.

Assignment; 1. Differentiate between a gauge and comparator. 2. Explicate the working principle of (i) Mechanical comparator (ii) Electrical comparator UNIT-VI SCREW THREAD MEASUREMENT: Element of measurement errors in screw threads measurement of effective diameter, angle of thread and thread pitch, profile thread gauges. Learning Objective: After completion of this Unit the student should be able to ---1. 2. Explain the errors in screw threads. How the measurement of effective diameter, angle of thread and thread pitch, profile thread gauges are done.

Assignment; 1. Explain how the principle of visual gauging heads is incorporated in multigauging machines. 2. Discuss the causes of following errors in screw thread pitches. (i) Progressive error (ii) Periodic error (iii) Drunken error (iv) Irregular errors. 3. Elucidate the Effective diameter measurement by two wire method 4. Elucidate measurement method of thread angle by two ball method. 5. Measurement of effective diameter by two wires and micrometer is not accu-rate -Explain. UNIT-VII SURFACE ENGINEERING Surface texture and properties, surface cleaning techniques, surface integrity, wear and its measurements, lubricants and its selection for reducing wear, principles of corrosion and remedial measures. Laser applications for surface modifications. Learning Objective: After completion of this Unit the student should be able to ---3. 4. Explain various surface cleaning techniques. Discuss the following a) Surface Integrity b) Principles of corrosion c) Laser applications for surface modifications

Assignment; 1. Enumerate Various wear measurement Instruments 2. How to reduce wear and what type of lubricants suitable for reducing the wear. UNIT-VIII

SURFACE TREATMENTS Mechanical surface treatment and coating, case hardening and surface coating, thermal spraying, vapor deposition, Ion implementation, Diffusion coating, Electro plating, Electro less plating and Electro forming, Cermic, Organic and Diamond coating. Learning Objective: After completion of this Unit the student should be able to ---1. Explain various surface treatment processes, characteristics, applications. 2. Explain various surface coatings . 3. Explain thermal and mechanical modification of surfaces. Assignment; 1. Explain various surface treatment processes with sketches 2. write characteristics and applications of surface treatment processes. 3.Explain various surface coatings . 4.Explain thermal and mechanical modification of surfaces

(55016) METROLOGY & SURFACE ENGINEERING Learning Objective Plan Differentiate between Metrology & Metallurgy. 1 hr Differentiate between Limits & Fits, Tolerances. 1 hr Discuss the limits & fits, tolerances and their uses in Automobile, HMT Industries. 1hr Identify whether the following fits are Hole based or Shaft based. Convert of H7 C8, J6 h5, H6 n5. etc. into their counter parts. 1hr Explain Selective assembly and Interchangeability concept with suitable examples, graphs used. 1hr Explain as the ISI systems of fits and tolerances and its uses in industries.1hr Explain as the BIS systems of fits and tolerances and its uses in industries (1965). 1hr Explain International standard system for plain and screwed works with suitable examples. 1hr Explain the linear Measurement and its uses in Industry. 1hr Mention the types of slip gauges as per IS: 2984 1966. 1hr Calibrate the slip gauges and dial indicators. 1hr List the types of Micrometers and how to calibrate. 1hr Explain the construction details of Bevel protractor, Angle slip gauges and Sine bars. 2 hrs Identify the materials used for Sine plate, Rollers and Spheres and their uses. 1hr Derive the Taylors principle in design of tolerances. 1hr Design the GO and NOGO gauges and mention the types of GO and NOGO gauges for 20.4mm. 1hr Explain Plug, Ring, Snap, Gap, Taper Profile and Position gauges and their uses. 1hr Explain tool - makers microscope construction and working principle and its uses. 1hr Explain collimators construction and working principle and its uses. 1hr Explain optical projectors construction and working principle and its uses. 1hr Explain optical flats construction and working principle and its uses. 1hr Explain interferometer construction and working principle and its uses. 1hr Measure the flat surfaces using straight edges surface plates optical flat and auto collimator. 2hrs Differentiate between Surface roughness and surface waviness. 1hr Identify various types of surface roughness and surface waviness. 1hr Numerical assessment of surface finish CLA, R, R.M.S Values Rz values, R10 value 4hrs 1hr Explain the working principle of profilograph and its uses. Explain the working principle of Talysurf and its uses. 1hr Indicate the surface finish using ISI symbols in a drawing. 1hr

Explain the working principle of Comparators Mechanical, Electrical and Electronic Comparators, pneumatic comparators and their uses in mass production. 4hrs Explain Gear measuring instruments, Gear tooth profile measurement, Measurement of diameter, pitch, pressure angle and tooth thickness. 4hrs Explain the errors in screw threads. 1hr How the measurement of effective diameter, angle of thread and thread pitch, profile thread gauges are done. 2hrs Prepare the acceptance charts for the machines. 1hr

METROLOGY & SURFACE ENGINEERING Subject Code:55016 TEACHING PLAN Name of the Faculity:M.V.R.D.PRASAD Class: III. B.Tech, Ist semester, Mech. Engg 1. 2.
S.No

Introduction Normal size, Tolerance Limits, Deviations,

Brief Note of Topic(s)

01 01
No. of Periods

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

01 01 02 01 01 01 01

Allowance, Fits and their types Unilateral and Bilateral tolerance system Hole and Shaft basis systems Interchangeability and Selective Assembly. Indian standard Institution system, British standard system, International Standard system for plain ad screwed work.

UNIT - II 10. LINEAR MEASUREMENT: Length standard, line and end standard. 11. Slip gauges calibration of the slip gauges 12. Dial indicator, Micrometers 13. MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES AND TAPERS: Different methods 14. Bevel protractor Angle Slip gauges 15. Spirit levels Sine bar Sine plate, Rollers and Spheres used to determine the tapers. 16. LIMIT GAUGES: Taylors principle 17. Design of Go and No Go gauges, Plug ring 18. Snap, Gap, Taper, Profile and Position gauges.

01 01 01 01 01 02 01 01 02

UNIT III 19. OPTICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 20. Tool makers microscope and its uses 21. Collimators, Optical projector 22. Optical flats and their uses 23. Interferometer 24. FLAT SURFACE MEASUREMENT: Measurement of flat surfaces 25. Instruments used Straight edges Surface plates 26. Optical Flat and Auto Collimator UNIT IV SURFACE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT: 27. 28. Differences between surface roughness and surface waviness Numerical assessment of surface finish CLA, R, R.M.S Values 01 01 02 01 01 01 01 01

02 01 01 01 01 03

29. Rz values, Rz value 30. Methods of measurement of surface finish-Profilograph 31. Talysurf 32. ISI symbols for indication of surface finish. UNIT V 33. MEASUREMENT THROUGH COMPARATORS: Comparators Mechanical, Electrical and Electronic Comparators 34. Pneumatic comparators and their uses in mass production UNIT VI 35. SCREW THREAD MEASUREMENT: Element of measurement errors in screw threads measurement of effective diameter, angle of thread and thread pitch, profile thread gauges.

01

04

UNIT VII 36. SURFACE ENGINEERING Surface texture and properties, surface cleaning techniques, surface integrity, wear and its measurements, lubricants and its selection for reducing wear, principles of corrosion and remedial measures. Laser applications for surface modifications.

05

UNIT VIII 37. SURFACE TREATMENTS Mechanical surface treatment and coating, case hardening and surface coating, thermal spraying, vapor deposition, Ion implementation, Diffusion coating, Electro plating, Electro less plating and Electro forming, Cermic, Organic and Diamond coating. TEXT BOOKS : 1.Manufacturing Engineering and Technology- Kalpakjian 2. Metrology and Measurement Ananad Bewoor, Vinay A. Kulakarni 3. Principles of Engineering Metrology, R.Rahendra REFERENCES : 1. Fundamentals of Dimensional Metrology, 4e ,Connie Dotson. 2. Surface Engineering with Lasers/ Dehosson J.T 3. Surface Engineering for corrosion and wear resistance/ JR Davis 4. Precision Engineering and Manufacturing/ RL Murty

03 03

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Name of the Staff : M. Venkata Ramana Code : ME 55018 Semester : III B. Tech. I - Semester Subject: Machine Tools Course: B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) Year : 2011-2012

UNIT-I Elementary treatment of metal cutting theory - Element of cutting process Geometry of single point tool and angles chip formation and types of chips, built up edge and its effects chip breakers. Mechanics of orthogonal cutting -Merchant's Force diagram, cutting forces - cutting speeds, feed, depth of cut, tool life, coolants, machinability -Tool materials. Kinematics schemes of machine tools - Constructional features of speed gear box and feed gear box. Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit I the students must be able to 1. Define the term metal cutting 2. Describe the elements of cutting process 3. Define the various angles of single point cutting tool with neat sketch 4. List out the different types of chips and explain in detail 5. Compare and contrast the orthogonal and oblique cutting 6. State the importance of chip breakers. 7. Compare and contrast the orthogonal and oblique cutting 8. List out the assumptions of MERCHANTS circle diagram with neat sketch 9. Derive the relationship between the different forces developed in metal cutting 10. Define the term machinability and explain the effects of different factors on it 11. Define the term tool life and explain the effects of different cutting parameters on it 12. List out the different types of coolants and their applications 13. List out the different tool materials and select the tool material for different work piece material 14. Describe the procedure for constructional features of speed gear & feed gear box. UNIT- I I : Engine lathe - Principle of working, specification of lathe - types of lathe -work holders tool holders Box tools, Taper turning, thread turning - for Lathes and attachments. Turret and capstan lathes collets, chucks - other work holders - tool holding devices - box and tool layout. Principal features of automatic lathes - classification - Single spindle and multi-spindle automatic lathes - tool layout and cam design. Kinematics scheme of the Lathes Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit II the students must be able to 1. Describe the working principle of lathe 2. Classify the types lathes 3. List out the specifications of lathe machine 4. List out the different types of work holder and tool holders for lathe machine and compare its advantages and disadvantages 5. Describe various types of box tools 6. Define taper and explain different methods of tapering 7. Describe the procedure for thread cutting 8. Explain the various types of attachments on lathe 9. Compare and contrast turret and capstan lathes 10. Explain the procedure for tool layout for turret and capstan lathes 11. Classify the different types of automatics lathes and explain 12. Describe the procedure for constructional features of speed gear & feed gear box for lathe.

UNIT-III : Shaping, slotting and planning machines - Principles of working - Principal parts-specification classification, operations performed. Kinematics scheme of the shaping slotting and planning machines, machining time calculations. Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit III the students must be able to 1. Explain with the help of a neat sketch, the working principle of shaper, planer and slotter 2. Classify various types of shaper, planer and slotter 3. List out various specifications of shaper, planer and slotter 4. List out and explain the operations performed on shaper, planer and slotter 5. Calculate the machining time for shaper, planer and slotter UNIT - IV: Drilling and Boring Machines - Principles of working, specifications, types, operations performed - tool holding devices - twist drill - Boring machines Fine boring machines - Jig Boring machine. Deep hole drilling machine. Kinematics scheme of the drilling and boring machines Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit IV the students must be able to 1. Describe with the help of neat sketch, the working principle of drilling machine 2. Classify various types of drilling machines 3. List out and explain the different operations those are performed on drilling machine 4. Describe with the help of neat sketch, the working principle of boring machine 5. Classify various types of drilling machines 6. Describe the procedure for constructional features of speed gear & feed gear box for drilling machine 7. Sketch the drill bit and label the various elements on it UNIT V Milling machine - Principles of working - specifications - classifications of milling machines - Principal features of horizontal, vertical and universal milling machines - machining operations Types geometry of milling cutters Milling cutters - methods of indexing - Accessories to milling machines, kinematics scheme of milling cutters. Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit V the students must be able to 1. Describe the working principle of milling machine with neat sketch 2. Classify various types of milling machines 3. List out various specifications of milling machine 4. List out the different types of milling cutters & explain their functions. 5. Define the term indexing and explain the different methods of indexing 6. List out the various accessories and attachments used on milling machine to perform different operations 7. Describe the procedure for constructional features of speed gear box for milling 8. List out different operations performed on milling machine

UNIT-VI: Grinding machine - Fundamentals -Theory of grinding - classification of grinding machine-cylindrical and surface grinding machine-Tool and cutter grinding machine - special types of grinding machines - Different types of abrasives - bonds specification of a grinding wheel and selection of a grinding wheel Kinematics scheme of grinding machines. Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit VI the students must be able to 1. List out various types of abrasives and explain how a grinding wheel is selected for different operations. 2. Classify various types of grinding machines UNIT-VII Lapping, honing and broaching machines-comparison to grinding-lapping and honing. Kinematics scheme of Lapping, Honing and Broaching machines. Constructional features of speed and feed Units, machining time calculations. Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit VII the students must be able to 1. Compare grinding with lapping, honing and broaching 2. Calculate the machining time for lapping, honing and broaching 3. Describe the different teeth in a broaching tool UNIT - VIII Principles of design of Jigs and fixtures and uses. Classification of Jigs & Fixtures Principles of location and clamping Types of clamping & work holding devices. Typical examples of jigs and fixtures. Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit VIII the students must be able to 1. Compare jigs and fixtures. 2. List out principles design of jigs and fixtures.

Name of the Staff: M. Venkata Ramana Code : ME 55018 Semester : III B. Tech. I - Semester List of Text Books:

Subject: Machine Tools Course: B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) Year : 2011-2012

Text Books: 1. Production Technology by R.K. Jain and S.C. Gupta. 2. Production Technology by H.M.T, (Hindustan Machine Tools) List of Reference Books: 1. Elements of Workshop Technology Vol:II Machine Tools By Hajra Choudhury, Bose 2. A Course in Workshop Technology Vol:II Machine Tools By B. S Raghuwansi 3. Production Technology by P. C. Sharma 4. Metal Cutting & Machine Tools By G. Thirupathi Reddy 5. Fundamentals of Metal cutting & Machine tools By B.L. Juneja, G. S. Sekhom Course Plan: Topic Topic Name No.

Reference Books UNIT I T1, T2,R1,R2, R3, R4, R5 T1, T2,R1,R2, R3, R4, R5 T1, T2,R1,R2, R3, R4, R5 T1, T2,R1,R2, R3, R4, R5 T1, T2,R1,R2, R3, R4, R5 T1, T2,R1,R2, R3, R4, R5 T1, T2,R1,R2, R3, R4, R5 T1, T2,R1,R2, R3, R4, R5 T1, R1,R2, R3

Number of P Cumulative Periods 01 01 01 02 01 03 01 04 01 05 02 07 01 08 01 09 02 11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Introduction

Elementary treatment of metal cutting the Element of cutting process Geometry of single point tool and angles Chip formation and types of chips, built up edge and its effects Chip breakers, Mechanics of orthogonal cutting Merchant's Force diagram, cutting Forces and problems Cutting speeds, feed, depth of cut, tool life and problems Coolants, machinability, Tool materials. Kinematics schemes of machine tools Constructional features of speed gear box and feed gear box

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Engine lathe - Principle of working Specification of lathe - types of lathe Work holders, tool holders, Box tools Taper turning, thread turning- for Lathes, Attachments. Turret and capstan lathes, Collets, chucks Other work holders, tool holding devices Box tools Tool layout Principal features of automatic lathes classification Single spindle and multi-spindle automatic lathes Tool layout and cam design Kinematics scheme of the lathe.

Unit II T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2 T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2 T1, T2,R1,R2

01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Unit III Shaping machines - Principles of T1, T2,R1,R2, Working, Principal parts-specification R4 classification Operations performed, machining time T1,T2,R1,R2, calculations R4 Slotting machines - Principles of T1, T2,R1,R2, working, Principal parts-specification R4 classification operations performed, machining time calc T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 Planning machines - Principles of T1, T2,R1,R2, working, Principal parts-specification R4 classification Operations performed, machining time T1, T2,R1,R2, calculations R4 Kinematics scheme of the shaping, T1, T2,R1,R2, slotting, planning machines. R4 Unit IV Drilling Machines - Principles of T1, T2,R1,R2, working, specifications, types R4 Operations performed - tool holding T1, T2,R1,R2, devices - twist drill R4

01 01 01 01 01 01 01

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

28 29

01 01

30 31

30 31

Boring machines, Fine boring machines, Jig Boring machine Deep hole drilling machine, Kinematics scheme of the drilling and boring machines

T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 T1, T2,R1,R2, R4

01 01

32 33

32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Unit V Milling machine - Principles of T1, T2,R1,R2, working R4 Specifications - classifications of T1, T2,R1,R2, milling machines R4 Principal features of horizontal, T1, T2,R1,R2, vertical and universal milling machines R4 Machining operations T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 Geometry of milling cutters, T1, T2,R1,R2, milling cutters R4 Methods of indexing, Accessories to T1, T2,R1,R2, milling machines R4 Kinematics scheme of milling cutters. T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 Unit - VI Grinding machine - Fundamentals T1, T2,R1,R2, Theory of grinding - classification of R4 grinding machine Cylindrical and surface grinding machine- T1, T2,R1,R2, Tool and cutter grinding machine R4 special types of grinding machines Different types of abrasives bonds T1, T2,R1,R2, specification of a grinding wheel and R4 selection of a grinding wheel Kinematics scheme of grinding machines. T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 Lapping, honing and broaching machines-comparison to grindinglapping and honing Kinematics scheme of Lapping, T1, T2,R1,R2, Honing and Broaching machines. Constructional features of speed and feed R4 Units Machining time calculations T1, T2,R1,R2, R4 Unit VII T1, T2,R1,R2, R4

01 01 01 01 01 01 01

34 35 36 37 38 39 40

39 40 41 42

01 01 01 01

41 42 43 44

43

02 01

46 47

44

45

01

48

46 47 48

Unit VIII Principles of design of Jigs and fixtures T1,R1,R2,R3, and uses R4 Classification of Jigs & Fixtures Principles of location and clamping Types of clamping & work holding devices Typical examples of Jigs and fixtures T1,R1,R2,R3, R4 T1,R1,R2,R3, R4

01 01 01

49 50 51

Name of the Staff: M. Venkata Ramana Code : ME 55018 Semester : III B. Tech. I - Semester Lesson Plan

Subject: Machine Tools Course: B.Tech. (Mechanical Engineering) Year : 2011-2012

Unit - I Introduction - 1Hr Elementary treatment of metal cutting theory - Element of cutting process - 1Hr Geometry of single point tool and angles - 1Hr Chip formation and types of chips, built up edge and its effects - 1Hr Chip breakers, Mechanics of orthogonal cutting - 1Hr Merchant's Force diagram, cutting forces and problems - 1Hr Cutting speeds, feed, depth of cut, tool life and problems - 1Hr Coolants, machinability, Tool materials - 1Hr Kinematics schemes of machine tools - Constructional features of speed gear box and feed gear box - 2Hr Unit II Engine lathe - Principle of working, Specification of lathe - types of lathe Work holders tool holders, Box tools Taper turning, thread turning- for Lathes, Attachments Turret and capstan lathes, Collets, chucks Other work holders, tool holding devices box Tool layout Principal features of automatic lathes classification Single spindle and multi-spindle automatic lathes Tool layout and cam design Kinematics scheme of the lathe. Unit III Shaping machines - Principles of working, Principal parts-specification classification Operations performed, machining time calculations Slotting machines - Principles of working, Principal parts-specification classification Operations performed, machining time calculations Planning machines - Principles of working, Principal parts-specification classification Operations performed, machining time calculations Kinematics scheme of the shaping, slotting, planning machines. Unit IV Drilling Machines - Principles of working, specifications, types Operations performed - tool holding devices - twist drill Boring machines, Fine boring machines, Jig Boring machine - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr - 1 Hr

-1Hr -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr

-1Hr -1Hr -1Hr

Deep hole drilling machine, Kinematics scheme of the drilling and boring machines-1Hr Unit V Milling machine - Principles of working Specifications - classifications of milling machines Principal features of horizontal, vertical and universal milling machines Machining operations Geometry of milling cutters, milling cutters Methods of indexing, Accessories to milling machines Kinematics scheme of milling machines Unit - VI Grinding machine - Fundamentals -Theory of grinding - classification of grinding machine -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr

-1Hr Cylindrical and surface grinding machine-Tool and cutter grinding machine - special types of grinding machine -1Hr Different types of abrasives - bonds specification of a grinding wheel and selection of a grinding wheel -1Hr Kinematics scheme of grinding machines -1Hr Unit - VII Lapping, honing and broaching machines-comparison to grinding-lapping and honing

-2Hr Kinematics scheme of Lapping, Honing and Broaching machines. Constructional Features of speed and feed Units -1Hr Machining time calculations -1Hr Unit - VIII Principles of design of Jigs and fixtures and uses Classification of Jigs & Fixtures Principles of location and clamping Types of clamping & work holding devices ,Typical examples of Jigs and fixtures -1Hr -1Hr -1Hr

ASSIGNMENT I 1. Prove that: tan = r cos/ (1- r sin ) 2. Draw the merchants circle diagram, derive expression to show relationships among the different forces acting on the cutting tool and different parameters involved in metal cutting 3. In an orthogonal cutting of a mild steel bar on a lathe the following data were available: Diameter of workpiece =60mm Cutting speed =100m/min Back rake angle =14 Feed rate =0.25mm/rev Cutting speed =150kg Feed force =50kg Chip thickness =0.4mm Calculate Shear angle, coefficient of friction, cutting power, Chip flow velocity and shear force. 4. While machining a mild steel workpiece with a H.S.S. tool the following data were recorded: Cutting speed = 32m/min Tool life = 50 minutes If the cutting speed increased by 50%. How the tool life will be affected? Assume exponent n of Taylors equation = 0.2 5. List out the main cutting tool materials? Describe each in brief, stating its principal characteristics and applications. 6. Explain the use of cutting fluids in machining processes and List out the various cutting fluids and their applications. ASSIGNMENT II 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. List out the types of drives used in lathes. And explain briefly with neat sketches How the apron mechanism of a lathe works? Explain with the help of neat diagram Explain the use and application of face plate? Describe the construction and use of different types of mandrels Distinguish between the steady and follower rest Describe the taper turning attachment of a lathe. List out the advantages and disadvantages over other methods of taper turning Explain the procedure for thread cutting on lathe Derive an expression to determine the machining time on lathe. List out the main parts of capstan and turret lathes. Describe in brief with the help of suitable sketches Classify the automatic lathes in detail. Mention their main features. Compare multi spindle progressive and parallel type automatic machines

ASSIGNMENT III 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Describe and sketch the working of automatic table feed mechanism of a shaper Derive an expression for calculating the cutting speed of a shaper Describe in brief the punch slotter and tool room slotter How you will adjust the length of stroke and the ram position in a shaper? Compare the vertical shaper and slotter machines Distinguish between shaper and planner Describe the Belt drive mechanism used for driving the table of a planer

ASSIGNMENT IV 25. Differentiate the terms drilling, reaming and boring

26. What is an upright drilling machine and how it differs from a sensitive drill 27. Differentiate multi spindle and gang drilling machine 28. Describe the main constructional features of a horizontal boring machine ASSIGNMENT V 29. 30. 31. 32. Explain the constructional features with neat sketch of a universal milling machine. Solve for differential indexing of 73 divisions. List out the main attachments used on a milling machine Describe, with the help of suitable sketches, the various types of vices and other work holding devices commonly used on milling machines 33. Differentiate between up and down milling 34. List out various types of milling cutters and explain with neat sketches 35. Explain with the help neat sketch, the working of a universal dividing head ASSIGNMENT VI 36. What is meant by Grinding? Write the specification of grinding wheel and explain in detail each element in it. 37. What are the essential factors to be considered while choosing a grinding wheel 38. Explain the terms Loading, Glazing, Dressing and Truing. 39. Explain the construction and working of a plain cylindrical grinder with the help of a neat sketch. 40. Explain the construction and working of a Tool and cutter grinder with the help of a neat sketch 41. What is a centreless grinder? Describe principle of grinding on this type of grinder ASSIGNMENT VII 42. Describe Pull and Push broaching with neat sketches. 43. Compare Lapping, Honing and Broaching operations. ASSIGNMENT VIII 44. List out the main advantages of using jigs and fixtures in mass production 45. Describe the principle of six point location

Model Question Paper III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations MACHINE TOOLS (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) What is tool signature? (b) Explain ASA and ORS system of tool nomenenclature. (c) Differentiate ORS and ASA system. 2. [4] [6] [6] [12]

(a) Explain, with the help of neat sketch, the working principle of Lathe machine. (b) How is size of lathe specified? [4] [16] [6] [10]

3. Describe single spindle automatic in detail with help of neat sketch. 4. (a) Differentiate slotter and vertical shaper? (b) Describe constructional features of speed gearbox of planer?

5. (a) Explain clearly what is meant by boring? [6] (b) Explain clearly with a neat sketch the construction and working principle of a horizontal boring machine. [10] 6. Explain with a neat sketch what do you understand by the words helix angle" and "direction of cut" in the case of milling. What is their importance with respect to machining performance? Explain the basis on which these are selected. 7. Describe in detail the various arrangements of centreless grinding with neat sketches. Mention the applications in each case. [16] 8. (a) What is the purpose of clamping? [6] (b) What factors govern the choice of a clamping device to achieve the purpose of clamping? Discuss them in detail [10]

[16]

Model Question Paper III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations MACHINE TOOLS (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Determine undeformed chip thickness during metal cutting operation With neat sketch [6] (b) Differentiate orthogonal cutting of first kind and second kind? [4] (c) Describe the role of various alloying elements in tool steels? [6] 2. (a) Describe briefly about taper turning methods? [8] (b) What are the different types of Lathe attachments? Discuss them briefly.[8] 3. How do you classify turret lathes? Give a brief description of different types. [16] 4. (a) What is planer? Illustrate and describe its working principle. (b) Give detailed classification of planer machines. 5. (a) Differentiate between taper, plug and bottoming taps. (b) What is the function of a tap drill? (c) Why are drilled holes superior to punched holes in vessel work? [8] [8] [6] [5] [5]

6. (a) What is an indexing?-Explain. [6] (b) Distinguish Peripheral milling and Face milling. Derive an expression for power generated in Peripheral milling. [10] 7. Describe in detail the various arrangements of centreless grinding with neat sketches. Mention the applications in each case. 8. (b) Describe the various broaching machines used in the industry [16] [10] (a) What factors contribute to increase the production rates for broaching? [6]

Name of the Staff : DVSS Satyanarayana Code : ME 05548 Course : B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) III Year I Semester UNIT I

Subject : APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS - II Year : 2011-2012

Basic Concept : Rankine cycle - Schematic layout, Thermodynamic Analysis, Concept of Mean Temp0erature of Heat addition, Methods to improve cycle performance Regeneration & reheating.Combustion: fuels and combustion, concepts of heat of reaction, adiabatic flame temperature, stoichiometry, flue gas analysis Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit I the student must be able to 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Represent various cycles on different co-ordinates Understand mean temperature of heat addition Understand the methods to improve cycle performance Understand the concept of heat of reaction Analyse flue gases

UNIT II Boilers : Classification Working principles with sketches including H.P.Boilers Mountings and Accessories Working principles Boiler horse power, equivalent evaporation, efficiency and heat balance Draught, classification Height of chimney for given draught and discharge, condition for maximum discharge, efficiency of chimney artificial draught, induced and forced Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit II the student must be able to 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Classify boilers Understand working principles of different boilers Understand the functions of mountings and accessories Define boiler performance parameters Design chimney Define efficiency of chimney Understand different draughts

UNIT III Steam Nozzles : Function of nozzle applications - types, Flow through nozzles, thermodynamic analysis assumptions -velocity of nozzle at exit-Ideal and actual expansion in nozzle, velocity coefficient, condition for maximum discharge, critical pressure ratio, criteria to decide nozzle shape: Super saturated flow, its effects, degree of super saturation and degree of under cooling - Wilson line Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit III the student must be able to 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. UNIT- IV Steam Turbines : Classification Impulse turbine; Mechanical details Velocity diagram effect of friction power developed, axial thrust, blade or diagram efficiency condition for maximum efficiency. De-Laval Turbine - its features. Methods to reduce rotor speed-Velocity compounding and pressure compounding, Velocity and Pressure variation along the flow combined velocity diagram for a velocity compounded impulse turbine Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit IV the student must be able to Understand the functions and applications of nozzles Analyze the nozzles Draw the velocity diagrams Define velocity co-efficient Obtain condition for maximum discharge Define critical pressure ratio Define degree of saturation and degree of under cooling

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. UNIT V

Classify steam turbines Understand effect of friction Define diagram efficiency Derive the condition for maximum efficiency Understand methods to reduce rotor speed Draw velocity diagrams

Reaction Turbine : Mechanical details principle of operation, thermodynamic analysis of a stage,degree of reaction velocity diagram Parsons reaction turbine condition for maximum efficiency

Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit V the student must be able to 1. Understand principle of reaction turbine 2. Define degree of reaction 3. Draw velocity diagrams 4. Derive the condition for maximum efficiency UNIT VI Steam Condensers : Requirements of steam condensing plant Classification of condensers working principle of different types vacuum efficiency and condenser efficiency air leakage, sources and its affects, air pumpcooling water requirement Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit VI the student must be able to 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. UNIT-VII Gas Turbines : Simple gas turbine plant Ideal cycle, essential components parameters of performance actual cycle regeneration, inter cooling and reheating Closed and Semi-closed cycles merits and demerits, Brief concepts about compressors, combustion chambers and turbines of Gas Turbine Plant Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit-VII the student must be able to 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. UNIT-VIII Jet Propulsion : Principle of Operation Classification of jet propulsive engines Working Principles with schematic diagrams and epresentation on T-S diagram - Thrust, Thrust Power and Propulsion Efficiency Turbo jet engines Needs and Demands met by Turbo jet Schematic Diagram, Thermodynamic Cycle, Performance Evaluation Thrust Augmentation Methods.Rockets : Application Working Principle Classification Propellant Type Thrust, Propulsive Efficiency Specific Impulse Solid and Liquid propellant Rocket Engines. Learning objectives: after successful completion of UnitVIII the student must be able to 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Understand principles of jet propulsion Classify jet propulsive engines Define thrust power and propulsive efficiency Understand needs and demands met by turbo jet Understand working principle of rockets Classify rockets Define efficiency and specific impulse of rockets Classify gas turbines Define parameters of performance Understand regeneration and reheating Differentiate between closed and open cycle gas turbines Find performance of gas turbine power plant Understand importance of steam condensers Classify steam condensers Define vacuum efficiency and condenser efficiency Understand the working of air pump Calculate requirement of cooling water

Assignment: 01

VAPOUR CYCLES What is the use of cooling tower in a steam power plant? Mention the different types of cooling towers What is the effect of regeneration on efficiency and specific work output of a steam power plant? Show the cycle on T-S plot Assignment: 02 BOILERS 1. Give the detailed classification of boilers 2. Explain the principle of operation of any one type of fire tube boiler with a neat sketch 3. With a neat sketch explain stirling boiler 4. With a neat sketch explain the operation of Benson boiler 5. Explain fusible plug used as boiler mounting with a neat sketch 6. write short notes on any boiler accessory with a schematic sketch 7. What is the difference between economizer and superheater? Why are they used in a boiler 8. Explain various heat losses in a boiler Assignment: 03 NOZZLES 1. Discuss the criteria to decide the shape of a nozzle 2. Discuss the importance of the divergent portion of the Convergent Divergent nozzle Assignment: 04 1. What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various methods of compounding steam turbines? 2. Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine? 3. What is a Parsons reaction turbine? 4. Show that for a Parsons reaction turbine the degree of reaction is 50% 5. Sketch a combined velocity diagram with reference to steam turbines and mark on it all angles and velocities 6. Define and derive an expression for stage efficiency of a steam turbine 7. Deduce an expression for work done for stage of a reaction turbine and determine the condition for maximum efficiency Assignment: 05 STEAM CONDENSORS 1. 2. What are the objectives of a steam condenser in a steam power plant Explain the working of a high level jet condenser with the help of a sketch GAS TURBINES List out four applications of a gas turbine What is regeneration in gas turbines Derive the expressions for the efficiency and specific work output for a simple gas turbine cycle in terms of pressure ratio What are the assumptions made in the analysis of ideal gas turbine cycle How the performance of the combustion chamber in gas turbines is given What are the factors to be considered for improving the performance of a gas turbine and explain them briefly explain with neat sketch open cycle turbine plant and closed cycle gas turbine plant Enumerate the differences between open cycle gas turbine plant and closed cycle gas turbine plant JET PROPULSION 1. Define the following terms a) Thrust b) thrust power c) Propulsion power d) propulsive efficiency 2. what is the basic Thermodynamic cycle used for jet propulsion and draw T-S diagram for turbojet engine 3. Describe the effect of altitude on turbojet unit 4. How do the thrust and thrust power of a turbojet engine vary with flight speed? Compare these with a reciprocating engine. How thrust is arrangement for take off and climb 5. What is a Ramjet? Explain its working with a neat sketch 6. Explain the following terms a) Isotropic compressor efficiency b) Isotropic turbine efficiency 1. 2.

Assignment: 06 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Assignment: 07

7.

8.

c) Propelling nozzle efficiency d) Transmission efficiency What do you mean by jet propulsion? Explain the various devices in a jet propulsion unit Explain with a neat sketch a Screw propeller unit

Assignment: 08 1. 2. 3. 4. ROCKET PROPULSION Discuss the theory of rocket engine What is the fundamental difference between jet propulsion and rocket propulsion Why liquid propellants are preferred in a rocket propulsion What are the important properties of a good propellant