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EXPERIMENT TITLE: THE SOLUBILITY OF SOME SALTS OF GROUP II ELEMENTS

Questions 1. For Group II, what are the trends in solubility of the salts listed below: (a) hydroxides = The hydroxides become more soluble as you go down the Group. (b) sulphates = The sulphates become less soluble as you go down the Group. (c) sulphites = The sulphites become less soluble as you go down the Group. (d) carbonates = The carbonates tend to become less soluble as you go down the Group. 2. Use Table 13.2 to answer the following questions (a) Explain the trends in solubility for each type of salt for Group II elements as listed in Table 13.2. The magnitude of both will decrease as the Group is descended - because of the increase in the size of the cation.If, on descending the Group, the magnitude of the hydration enthalpies decreases quicker than the magnitude of the lattice enthalpies then the salts will become less soluble on descending the Group and vice versa. (b) Do the solubilities give above for the carbonates, sulphates and hydroxides agree with your findings in this experiment. Yes. I do agree that the solubilities given for sulphates , carbonates and hydroxides were similar with the findings. All nitrates are soluble.Practically all sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble.All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those of silver, mercury(I), and lead(II).All sulfates are soluble except those of strontium, barium, and lead(II), which are insoluble, and those of calcium and silver which are moderately soluble. All carbonates, sulfites, and phosphates are insoluble except those of sodium, potassium, and ammonium.All sulfides are insoluble except those of the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, and ammonium.All hydroxides are insoluble except those of the alkali metals. The hydroxides of calcium, strontium, and barium are moderately soluble. Ammonium hydroxide does not exist; ammonium hydroxide is a misnomer for aqueous ammonia, NH3(aq). (c) So singly- or double-charged anions give the more soluble compounds? In group II, the generally smaller size, together with the double positive charge, enables soluble than the compounds of group II elements with singly charged anions. Group II elements are highly electro-positive. Due to this they quickly dissociate in water at room temperature, the double charged ions soluble more than single charged ions.

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