Lion DVD

AFA II + III

CHAPTER: Anti-friction Bearing

Anti-Friction Bearings
Service Training Malaga 1

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In This Presentation
Nomenclature Function Loads Manufacture Installation Normal Wear Problems

Service Training Malaga

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Category / Types
Ball Radial Contact Angular Contact
Cylindrical Tapered Spherical Thrust

Roller

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Nomenclature
Outer ring (race) Outer ring raceway Cage Balls Inner ring raceway

Ball Bearing

Outer ring O.D

Ring faces Inner ring (race) Inner ring I.D

Service Training Malaga

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Nomenclature
Outer ring (race) Outer ring raceway Cage Rollers Inner ring raceway

Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Outer ring O.D Ring faces Ribs Inner ring (race) Inner ring I.D

Service Training Malaga

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Nomenclature
Cup (outer ring or race) Cup Raceway

Tapered Roller Bearing

Cup O.D surface Front face of cup

Back face of cup Cage Front face of cone Rib, front face of cone

Cone raceway Rib, back face of cone Back face of cone

Cone (inner ring or race)

Cone I.D or bore surface

Service Training Malaga

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Bearing Function
Support & Maintain Alignment Carry Radial &/or Thrust Loads

Service Training Malaga

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Loads
Radial Load

Thrust Load

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Loads
Support Radial and limited thrust loads

Single row radial contact bearing

Service Training Malaga

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Loads

Single/ Double row angular contact bearing

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Loads

Split race bearing

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Loads
High radial loads

Cylindrical roller bearing

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Loads
Length to width ratio 4:1 Radial Loads

Needle Bearing

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Loads

Drawn cup bearing

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Loads
Carry both radial and thrust loads

Tapered Roller Bearing

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Loads
Supports thrust loads from both sides

Double row tapered Roller Bearing

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Loads
Thrust loads Radial loads

Spherical Roller bearing

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Loads
Thrust loads

Thrust Bearing

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Loads

Cage

Keep rollers evenly spaced and distributes loads even

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Loads

High Stress Areas

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Loads

High Stress Areas

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Manufacture

Material

Alloy Steel Vacuum Melted Degassed

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Manufacture
From tube stock (small bearings) Forged (large bearing)

Races

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Manufacture
Cylindrical and tapered are case hardened RC 58

Hardening

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Manufacture
Rollers are forged (cold headed)

Rollers

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Manufacture
Hardened to RC 60 and ground to final dimension

Rollers

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Manufacture
Ball and spherical roller bearings are through hardened

Hardening

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Removal & Installation Use Cat Bearings Use Proper Tools & Procedure Clean Shaft & Housing Bores Check Shaft & Housing Fit Check Alignment Adjustments

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Anti-Friction Bearings

Special Vs. Standard

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Video Time

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Installation

Dirt/Debris

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Installation/Removal
Installation

Tooling

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Installation/Removal
Removal

Tooling

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Installation/Removal

Tooling

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Installation/Removal
Oil Bath

Heating

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Installation/Removal

Induction Heating

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Installation/Removal

Heating

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Installation/Removal

Freezing

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Installation

Alignment

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Fit Too Tight Too Loose - Creep Miss machined - Misaligned - Out of Round

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Taper Roller Bearing Adjustment

End play
Service Training Malaga

Preload
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Taper Roller Bearing Adjustment Rotate while checking End Play Follow Service Manual

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Lubricant
Correct Quantity.

Correct Quality Correct Viscosity Correct Type Check Operating & Maintenance Guide

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Normal Wear
Bearing speed is the main factor determining oil film thickness

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Normal Wear
Slow Speed

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Normal Wear

Ball Bearing

Radial Load Inner Ring Rotating Outer Ring Stationary

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Normal Wear

Ball Bearing

Radial Load Outer Ring Rotating Inner Ring Stationary

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Normal Wear

Ball Bearing

Thrust Load

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Normal Wear

Ball Bearing

Both Radial & Thrust Load

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Normal Wear

Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Radial Load Inner Ring Rotating Outer Ring Stationary

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Normal Wear

Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Ribs and roller ends have little if any wear, unless subject for thrust loads

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Normal Wear

Taper Roller Bearing

Light Preload or Thrust Cone Rotating Cup Stationary

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Normal Wear

Taper Roller Bearing

Heavy Preload or Thrust

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Normal Wear
Some wear on rib and roller end is normal

Taper Roller Bearing

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Normal Wear
Grinding Marks

Race

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Normal Wear
Crown Wear

Crowned Rollers

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Normal Wear

Crowned Rollers

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Normal Wear
Free from fretting corrosion and polishing

Back of Race

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Normal Wear
Light stain from the edge of a housing

Faces

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Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems

Key Points

Overload / Heat / Wear Spalling / Plastic Yielding Initial & Secondary Damage Investigate in Early Stage Consider All facts & Conditions

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Problems
Investigate as soon as indication of problem occur

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Problems

Rolling Contact Stress Fatigue

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Problems

Rolling Contact Stress Fatigue

Excessive Applied Load

Adjustment Too Tight Adjustment Too Loose Shaft Too Big or Housing Too Small Out of Round Tapered Shaft or Bore Misalignment Low Viscosity Lube (Heat)
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Problems

Taper Roller Bearing Too Lose

Road Signs Spalling / Wear on small part of Stationary Race way Rollers & Raceway Unevenly Spalled / Worn Hour Glass & Lipping wear on Cage Windows

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Problems

Taper Roller Bearing Too Lose

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Problems
Wear on end of Roller Hour Glass & Lipping

Taper Roller Bearing Too Lose

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Problems

Taper Roller Bearing Too Tight

Road Signs Spalling / Wear on Large portion of Stationary Race way Rollers & Raceway Evenly Spalled / Worn

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Problems

Taper Roller Bearing Too Tight

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Problems
Even Wear Hourglass

Taper Roller Bearing Too Tight

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Problems

Shaft Too Big or Housing Too Small

Road Signs Spalling / Wear Around Complete Circumference of Both Races Rollers and Raceways Evenly Spalled / Worn Similar to road-signs for to tight adjusted bearing

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Problems

Out of Round

Road Signs Two or More Spalled / Worn Load Zones

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Problems

Tapered Shafts or Housing Bores

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Problems

Misalignment

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Problems
Spall pattern across the raceway

Low Viscosity Oil

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Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems
Material softened from high temperature

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Discoloration and Plastic Deformation

Plastic Yielding

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Problems

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Hot, dry Look (no cooked-on oil)

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Look at other Parts for evidence of heat

Plastic Yielding

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Problems

Cleaning overheated Bearings

Oxide or Lacquer? Wash the Bearing with soft brush in clean solvent Rub lightly with crocus cloth If discolor disappear it is lacquer

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Problems
Hot, Dry Look Much Plastic Yielding

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Other Bearing Discolored

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Rollers Discolored

Plastic Yielding

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Problems Viscosity

Other Factors - Plastic Yielding

High Operating Temperature High Loads

- Applied - Misalignment - Misadjustment

Rough Surface Finish

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Problems
Much Asperity Contact

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Lipping of Cage window

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Glazed Rollers with frostedpits

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Result of Broken Cage

Plastic Yielding

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Problems
Oil was present but heat to great for the oil to handle

Plastic Yielding

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Problems

Possible causes to Plastic Yielding with oil

Marginal Quantity Viscosity Too Low

- Wrong Oil or Grease - High Operating Temperature

High Loads
- Applied Load - Misalignment

- Misadjustment
- Incorrect Dimensional Fit - Surface Finish
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Problems
Dents with roller spacing Grinding marks in dent

Brinelling

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Problems

Brinelling

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Problems
Bruising Can cause lock-up

Large Particles in Lubricant

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Problems
Bruising can Lead to Spalling

Large Particles in Lubricant

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Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems
With Oil

Adhesive Wear

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Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems

Abrasive Wear

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Extensive Contamination

Lock Up Balls or Roller Slide Races Fret or Creep Wear / Increased End Play Pitting Fatigue Cracking and Spalling

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Look at Other Parts If abrasives cause bearings to progress to adhesive wear or spalling, it will be difficult to determine the root cause from looking at only the failed bearing. Look then at other parts lubricated with the same oil this will generally give evidence of system contamination
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Determine the Source

Identify Particles Built in Dirt or Debris Cracked Housings Failed Seals Not Cleaned Grease Fittings Contaminated Grease/Oil

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Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems

Corrosion

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Problems
Static Corrosion or Black Acid Etching

Corrosion

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Problems

Corrosion

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Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems

Fretting Corrosion

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Problems

Creep

Service Training Malaga

110

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Problems

Creep

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Possible causes to Creep

Shaft Too Small Housing Too Large Rolling Elements Stop Turning

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Problems

False Brinelling

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Problems

False Brinelling

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114

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AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems

Electrical pitting and fluting

High Current - Not Rotating Low Current - Rotating

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Problems
High Current due to welding

Electrical pitting and fluting

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117

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Problems
Low current under long time

Electrical pitting and fluting

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118

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Problems

Electrical pitting and fluting

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119

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Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems

Installation Damage

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Problems

Installation Damage

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Problems

Handling Problems

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Problems

Installation Damage

Bearing pressed in through rolling elements

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124

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Problems
Improper Tooling

Installation Damage

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Problems

Installation Damage

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126

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Problems

Installation Damage

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Problems
High Spots

Installation Damage

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Problems
Missalignement during assembly

Installation Damage

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Problems

Installation Damage

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Problems

Installation Damage

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131

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Problems

Installation Damage

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Problems

Installation Damage

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Problems
Key way

Removal Damage

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Problems

Removal Damage

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Problems

Removal Damage

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Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue Plastic Yielding Adhesive Wear Abrasive Wear Corrosion Fretting Corrosion & Creep Electrical Pitting & Fluting Handling & Installation Damage Fractures
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Problems
Gear show severe misalignement

Fractures

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Problems

Fractures

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140

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Problems
Rib is damaged

Fractures

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Problems
Roller split in half

Fractures

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Problems
Ductile frecture in soft core Brittle fracture in harder case

Fractures

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Problems
Roller end spalled indicating misalignement

Fractures

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Problems

Fractures

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145

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Problems
Cracked bearing support

Fractures

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Problems

Fractures

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147

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Antifriction Bearing Problems

Material Forming Machining Heat Treat Grinding Assembly

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Problems

Materials

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149

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Problems

Materials

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150

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Problems

Materials

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151