FIRE

IT IS A SELF - SUSTAINED EXOTHERMIC

CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTION IN WHICH FUEL
MOLECULES ARE BROKEN IN THE PRESENCE
OF OXYGEN AND HEAT.

FLAME
FLAME IS A COLUMN OF HOT GASES WHICH
BECOMES LUMINESCENT DUE TO INCREASE IN
TEMPERATURE.
FUEL
HEAT

OXYGEN
CHAIN REACTION

TETRAHEDRON OF FIRE
Extinguishing Medias
WATER

JET SPRAY FOG MIST

 FOAM

CHEMICAL MECHANICAL
VAPOURISING LIQUIDS

CO2 HALON
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
 CLASS A: Solid combustible
materials of organic
nature such as wood,
paper, rubber, plastics etc.
 Cooling effect of water essential for
extinction of fire
 CLASS B: Flammable liquids or
liquefiable solids or like.
 Blanketing effect is essential for
extinction of fire
 CLASS C: Flammable gases under
pressure including
liquefied gases
 Inhibition of the burning gas at fast
rate with an inert gas, powder or
vaporizing liquid essential for
extinction of fire
 CLASS D: Combustible metals like
Na, Mg, Zn, Al, K etc.
 Special Dry Powders required for
extinguishments
SUITABILITY OF EXTINGUISHERS
 CLASS A : Water expelling type
Extinguishers
 CLASS B : Foam, Dry Powder,
Vaporizing
Liquid extinguishers
 CLASS C : Dry Powder, Vaporizing Liquid
extinguishers
 CLASS D : Special Dry Powder
extinguisher
 WATER GAS CARTRIDGE
EXTINGUISHER
 9 litre capacity
 Contains water – 9lit
 CO2 gas cartridge – approx 90g CO2

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
 Should expel min. 95% water when
fully discharged
 When operated, should maintain a jet of
not less than 7 m for min. 60 sec
 MAINTENANCE
 MONTHLY
 Water charge to be replaced
 Cartridge to be replaced if
charge loss > 10%
 OTHERS
 Performance / discharge to be
tested once in 5 yrs.
 MECHANICAL FOAM
EXTINGUISHER
 9 lit, 50 lit (Trolley mounted)
 Foam Compound (Liquid)
 Gas cartridge in 9 lit–approx 60g CO2
 Gas cylinder in 50 lit - approx 300g CO2
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
 Should expel min. 95% charge when
discharged fully
 When operated, should maintain a jet of
not less than 5m for min 30s
 MAINTENANCE
 MONTHLY
 Check liquid level
 Body to be checked externally for any
damage
 Replace gas cartridge if charge
loss > 10%

 OTHERS
 Performance / discharge to be tested
once in 2 yrs.
 CARBON DIOXIDE
EXTINGUISHER
 Portable - 2Kg, 3Kg, 5Kg cap
 Trolley Mounted - 7Kg, 9Kg, 22.5Kg
 Gas filled at approx 51 bar
 Expansion ratio 1:450
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT

 Shall expel not less than 95% of the

charge in the form of continuous
discharge when fully discharged
 MAINTENANCE

 MONTHLY
 Body to be checked externally for
any damage
 Cylinder to be refilled if the charge
loss > 10%

 OTHERS
 Performance/discharge to be tested
once in 5 yrs.
 DRY CHEMICAL POWDER
EXTINGUISHER
 Dry Chemical Powder
 CO2 gas cartridge or cylinder
 2Kg – approx. 40g CO2
 5Kg – approx. 120g CO2
 10Kg – approx. 200g CO2
 25Kg – approx. 1Kg CO2
 50Kg – approx. 2Kg CO2
PERFORMANCE
 Shall expel min. 85% DCP when fully
discharged
 MAINTENANCE
 MONTHLY
 Check body externally for any
damage
 Replace gas cartridge if charge loss >
10%
 Check powder for caking

 OTHERS
 Performance / discharge to be tested
once in 5 yrs.
RECOMMENDED SCALE OF EQUIPMENT
TO BE INSTALLED
CLASS A
 LOW HAZARD OCCUPANCY –
Pvt. dwellings, Flats, Tutorials etc
 One 9 litre water expelling
extinguisher for every 600m2
of floor area or part thereof
 Min.2 Ext. per compartment/floor
 Ext. available within 25m radius
 ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCY
–
Multistoried buildings, Schools,
Hospitals, Shops etc

Min.4 Ext. per compartment/floor

Ext. available within 25m radius

HIGH HAZARD OCCUPANCY –

Assembly halls (Seat cap.>1000),

Saw Mills, Cold Storage,
Warehouses storing combustible
materials etc.
 Same as OH above

 In addition, one 50 lit Soda

Acid or eqv Ext. for every

100m 2 floor area
SPECIAL HAZARD OCCUPANCY –

Offices, banks, Record Room, Computer

installations etc.

 One 4.5/5Kg CO2 Ext. for every 100m2

floor area or part thereof

 Min. two ext. available within 10m

radius
CLASS B
 LOW HAZARD OCCUPANCY –
Small processing plants, pilot plants
 One 9 litre foam extinguisher for
every
600m2 of floor area or part thereof
 Min.2 Ext. per compartment/floor
 Ext. available
ORDINARY within
HAZARD 25m radius–
OCCUPANCY
Laboratories, workshops, industrial
canteens, generator room, paint godown
etc
 Two 9 litre foam extinguisher or 5Kg
DCP Ext. (or one of each type) for every
600m2 of floor area or part thereof
 Min.4 Ext. per compartment/floor
 Ext. available within 15m radius
 HIGH HAZARD OCCUPANCY –

Petroleum processing units, chemical

plants, ETPs, Tank Farms, Marine
Terminals etc.
 Same as OH above
 In addition, one 50 lit Foam Ext.
for every 100m 2 floor area
 One 150 lit. Foam Engine (Ext.) for
every 300m2 floor area
CLASS C
LOW HAZARD OCCUPANCY –
Small kitchens having LPG connection, electrical
heaters etc
 One 2Kg DCP extinguisher for every 20m2
of floor area or part thereof
 Ext. available within 15m radius
ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCY –
LPG Distribution Godowns etc
 Two 10Kg DCP extinguisher or 6.8Kg CO2
Ext for every 100m2 of floor area or part
thereof
 Min. one Ext. of same type per
compartment/floor
 Ext. available within 15m radius
 HIGH HAZARD OCCUPANCY –
Fertilizer Plants, LPG Bottling Plants,
Petrochemical Plants etc
Same as OH above
Min. two ext. of same type per
compartment/room
Ext. available within 10m radius
CLASS D
 HIGH HAZARD OCCUPANCY -
All processes involving highly
flammable materials, reactive metals/alloys
including their storage
 One 10Kg Special Dry Powder
Extinguisher for every 100m2 floor area
 Min. two extinguishers per
compartment/floor
 Ext. available within 10m radius
A NEVER ALWAYS
Use cloth for lifting utensil from Use insulated lifter for lifting
burning stove Utensil for your safety
A NEVER ALWAYS
Throw burning match sticks, its Throw match sticks after
dangerous putting it off in dust bin or use
gas lighter
A
NEVER ALWAYS
Refill burning and hot stove Put off stoves to refill
A
NEVER ALWAYS
Smoke in bed, its dangerous Use ashtray while smoking
A NEVER ALWAYS
Keep portable heaters and Keep safe distance between
clothes near each other, its portable heaters and cloths
dangerous
A ALWAYS
NEVER Use proper plug, socket to
Use naked wire in socket
avoid accident
A NEVER ALWAYS
Allow children to enjoy crackers Enjoy crackers with elders
alone around
A NEVER ALWAYS
Keep inflammable material Keep safe distance from open
near fire, its dangerous fire
A NEVER ALWAYS
Keep diyas near clothes, Enjoy prayer by placing diyas
it may cause fire properly
A NEVER ALWAYS
Relax after noticing the fire
Attend fire alarm immediately
alarm
A ALWAYS
NEVER Cut of main power supply &
Use water on electrical fire
Use fire Extinguishers
A NEVER ALWAYS
Keep loose Electric appliances Use proper fitting &
near children right place for sockets
A NEVER ALWAYS
Keep iron press on while Keep iron press switched off
attending other works attending other works
 Fire accidents are increasing in the
industries. Such fires not only result in huge
loss of lives and property but also disrupt
production in the Industry.
This leaflet gives you advice on how to prevent
fire in Industries.
 COMMON CAUSE OF
INDUSTRIAL FIRES
• Leaks and spillage of flammable / Combustible
material
• Electrical short circuiting/overloading.
• Over heated bare surfaces/heaters/electric
lamps.
• Welding/cutting/soldering and other hot work.
• Equipment failure.
• Smoking in prohibited areas.
• Chemical reaction/runway reaction.
•Chemical reaction/runway reaction.
•Frictional heat/spark.
•Spontaneous combustion.
•Static sparks/combustion sparks.
•Naked live wires.
•Molten substances.
 BASIC PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Ensure high house keeping standard.
• Cover trash containers tightly and empty them
regularly.
• Segregate flammable material from source of ignition.
• Promptly eliminate oil/gas leaks and clean spillage of
Flammable material.
• Strictly adhere to work permit instructions for welding,
cutting and other hot work in areas where
flammables are present.
• Store incompatible
chemical separately.
• Where flammables are
stores and used, ensure
adequate ventilation,
prohibits smoking, and
use flame proof electric
equipments.

• Keep fuses and control boxes clean and closed.

• Avoid multi socket connections.
• Electrical repair should
be carried out by
qualified personnel.
• Don’t use damaged
electrical cords and
avoid temporary
connections.
• Lubricate, maintain and
align all machines
/equipments to prevent
generation of heat.

ALWAYS MAINTAIN FIRE PROTECTION

EQUIPMENTS IN HIGH STANDARD AND
CHECK AT REGULAR INTERVAL.
FIREWORKS SAFETY
Traditionally fireworks form an integral part of celebrating
Diwali, marriage ceremony and other such happy occasion. But
in many cases, happy occasions become gloomy and laughter
turns tears due to indiscriminate use of fireworks without taking
safety precautions. Some carefulness, some safety
cautiousness could help in saving such odd events to make the
celebration more bright and purposeful. Some safety
precautions while using fireworks/crackers shop are as under :-
Do’s
1. Carefully read the fire safety instructions and precautions
written on fireworks.
2. Always keep a bucket of water and sand ready while
igniting fireworks.
3. Always immerse the used/exhausted fireworks like
sparkles, rockets into a bucket of water or dry loose sand.
4. Light fireworks at arms length and keeping your face
away.
5. Close the windows and opening of your house properly to
prevent ingress of lightened flying crackers.
6.Use only standard
make fire crackers.
7.Elder’s supervision is a
must while children
play with fire crackers.
8.It is safe to play fire
crackers in open
grounds and open
places.
9.Rockets, flower pots and other flying crackers
should not be displayed near thatched
houses and hay stacks.
10. Firecrackers like sparklers
should be lighted away from the
body.
11. Wear tight cotton clothes while
playing fire crackers.
12. Wear shoes, spectacles for
safety.

13.Show concern for old age people, children

and woman while playing crackers.
14.If you receive burn injuries accidentally, pour
cold water until pain subsides and consult a
doctor.
Don’ts
1. Never allow children to light fireworks in
absence of elders.
2. Don’t relight fireworks that failed to ignite.
3. Don’t light fireworks very close to the
buildings.
4. Don’t leave lighted oil lamps, agarbattis or
candles on the floor or near fireworks.
5. Don’t store scrap or any other combustible
material in and around the buildings.
6. Don’t allow firecrackers display inside the
house.
7. Don’t hold flowerpots, atom bombs, ladies in
hand during display.
8. Don’t allow children near dangerous and
high sounding fire crackers.
9. Don’t display firecrackers near the cracker’s
shop.
10.Don’t throw lighted firecrackers
indiscriminately into the open.
11.Don’t relight or handle mal-functioning
fireworks.
12.Never ignite fireworks in a closed container.
13.Rockets should not be launched in the
congested area.
FIREWORK’S/CRACKER’S SHOP
1. Don’t use combustible material for constructing
cracker’s shop.
2. Keep safe distance between the firework shops.
3. Keep authorized quality of fireworks.
4. Don’t allow anyone to play fireworks near shop.
5. Don’t burn candle, lighter, match box in shop.
6. Don’t smoke in shop.
7. Don’t use damaged or loose hanging
electrical wires in shop.
8. Keep safe distance between light bulbs and
crackers near fireworks shops.
9. Keep water, sand buckets and fire
extinguishers ready as recommended by
local fire brigade.

FOLLOW FIRE PRECAUTIONS,

PREVENT FIRE
Fire safety arrangements
and pre-planning can
save many lives. If a fire
occurs in your home, your
chances of survival will
depend on how quickly
and safely you are able to
get out.
This Slide show gives you advice on how to
prevent fire, and how to protect yourself in the
event of a fire.
SMOKE DETECTOR FOR EARLY ALERT
•By giving an advance alert
call, a smoke alarm can give
you those precious few
minutes of warning which
would help you and your
family to get out safely.
•Smoke alarms are available in market and
are simple to install choose an alarm which
meets Indian Standards.

•Follow the manufacturer’s instructions on

how to fix and position the alarm.
SMOKE ALARMS FOR HEARING
IMPAIRED PEOPLE

For people who can not hear

conventional smoke alarm, there are
special devices available, which make
use of a vibrating pad or flashing light,
instead of the auditory signal. The
vibrating pad alarms are particularly
useful for deaf and blind people.
 ADVANCE PLAN – ESCAPE ROUTE
If a fire occurs in your
home you may have to
get out in dark and
difficult conditions.
Escaping from a fire will
be a lot easier if you
have already planned
your escape route and
where to go.
• Make sure that your planned escape route is
free from obstructions and that there are no
loose floor coverings that could trip you.
• If you have serious mobility difficulties, you
may wish to consider having your bedroom on
the ground floor. If this is practical, it should be
as near as possible to an exit way.
• If you would need assistance to make your
escape, it is vital that you have some means
of summoning help by your bed, i.e. buzzer,
intercom or telephone. There are also
systems available which will automatically dial
on your telephone line to summon help or
send a signal to a manned control room.
WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE
•If a possible, close the door
of the room, where the fire is
close all doors behind you as
you leave. This will help delay
the spread of fire and smoke.
•Before opening a closed door
use the back of your hand to
touch it. Don’t open if you feel
hot – the fire will be on the other side.
• Get everyone out, as quickly as possible.
Don’t try to pick up valuables. Make your
way out, as safely as you can and try not to
panic. It will help you to plan your escape
route now rather than waiting until the fire
reaches you.
• Contact the fire brigade. Clearly state the
address of the fire.
• Never go back into the house until a fire
officer has told you it is safe to do so.
IF YOU ARE CUT OFF BY FIRE
• Try to remain calm
• If you are unable to use the door because of
flames or smoke, close the door and use towel
or bed to sheet to block any gaps. This will help
stop smoke spreading into the room.
• Try to make your way to the window. If the
room becomes smoky, crawl along the floor
where it’s easier to breathe.
• Open the window and try to attract the attention
of others who can alert the fire brigade. Wait for
the fire brigade to arrive.
• The fire brigade should arrive in a matter of
minutes. If you are in immediate danger and
your room is not too high from the ground,
drop cushions or bedding to the ground below
to break your fall from the window. If you can,
get out feet first and lower yourself to the full
length of your arms before dropping.
HOW TO PREVENT FIRES
• Unplug all electrical appliances not designed
to stay on.

• Make sure no cigarettes are still burning.

• Before emptying ashtrays make sure the

contents are cold.

• Put a guard around open fires.

• Switch off portable room heaters.

• Close the doors of unoccupied rooms.

ELECTRICAL FIRE PRECAUTION
Electricity is a major cause of fire accidents.
About 60% fires are of electric origin on
account of electric short circuit, overheating,
overloading, use of non standard appliances,
illegal taping of electrical wires, improper
electrical wiring, carelessness and ignorance
etc. It can lead to fires and fatal accidents, if
proper fire precautions are not followed. Such
fire incidents can be minimized, if adequate
fire precautions are observed.
This leaflet will brief about the main areas of
electrical hazard in your home and explains
how you can stop fire starting.
 1. PLUGS AND FLEXES
• Some appliances are designed to be
left “ON” all the time. Check the
manufacture’s instructions or if you
are unsure,

with the shop where you bought it. All other

electrical appliances should be switched off
and unplugged when not in use. Remove
plugs carefully, don’t remove them by pulling
the flexes.
• Use a 3-pin plug which conforms to the Indian
Standards and carries the ISI marks.

• Overloading the sockets by using several adapters

into the one socket can cause it to overheat and
catch fire. Use a good quality adapter and ensure
it has the correct fuse.
2. WIRING A PLUG
Learn the wiring colors and
make sure you follow the
instructions as given by the
manufacturers when fitting a
plug.
3. FUSE/MCB
Always use the correct
fuse/MCB for the equipments
you are using and follow the
manufacturer’s instructions.
4.COOKING GADGETS
• Always make sure that sauce pans are in a
safe position. Flexes from electrical
equipments, such as kettles and toasters
should be kept well away from the open fire
and tea towels etc, should never be dried
over the gadgets.
• Never leave a sauce pan unattended with the
heat turned on and be especially careful
when using chip pans with oil of fat.
• Make sure that ovens are left on after use.
5.WARNING
• Look out for warning signs.
• Dangerous wiring.
• Hot plugs and sockets.
• Fuses that blow for no obvious
reason
• Light flickering.
• Brown scorch marks on socket
and plugs. You should ask
your electrician to check your
wiring thoroughly if you see
any of the danger signs.
6. ELECRIC BLANKETS
• Many fires and deaths are due to blankets being
left accidentally switched on. As with all electrical
equipment, it is important that you follow the
manufacturer’s instructions.
• Check the instructions to see if you should switch
your blanket when you get into bed.
• Under blankets should always be tied to the bed
and be switched off before you get into bed.
• All electric blankets should be kept dry and flat and
should be serviced every two to three years. The
shop where you bought it can tell you about
servicing arrangements.
7. HEATERS
• Make sure you don’t sit too close to the heater to
keep warm. You could easily set light to your clothes
or your chair, particularly if you fall asleep.
• Heaters should always stand in a safe place where
they cannot be tripped over. They should be kept
well away from furniture and soft furnishings, such
as curtains and cushions. Do not position heaters
where objects may fall onto them. Portable heaters
should never be placed close to beds or used to dry
clothes.
• As with open fires, make sure that all heaters are
correctly guarded. If you have young children at
home, make sure you use an all enclosed guard
with your heater as well.
 Do’s
• Use ISI certified appliances
• Use good quality fuses of correct rating,
miniature circuit breakers and earth leakage
circuit breakers.
• Use one socket for one appliance.
• Switch off the electric should of fire affected
areas.
• Fuses and switches should be mounted on
metallic cubicles for greater safety against
fire.
• Replace broken plugs and switches immediately.
• Keep the electrical wires away from hot and wet
surfaces.
• Switch off appliances after use and remove plugs
from socket.
• Switch off the Main switch when leaving the
premises home for a long duration
 Don’ts
• Don’t use substandard fixtures, appliances.
• Never have temporary or naked joints on wiring.
• Don’t lay wires under carpets, mats or doorways.
They get crushed, resulting in short circuiting .
• Don’t allow appliances cords to dangle.
• Don’t place bare wire ends in a socket.
Fire safety in high-rise building is very crucial.
Fire claims huge loss of lives and property in
the High Rise Buildings each year.
This slide show has been produced for people
who live in high rise buildings and tells you what
to do if a fire breaks out. Read it carefully,
implement fire prevention techniques and keep
this leaflet for references.
Though high-rise buildings has been designed
and built with safety in mind. The walls, the
doors between flats, stairs and corridors are
specially designed to resist fire; check smoke to
some extent. As per national building code,
high-rise building should have Smoke Detectors, Sprinklers, first
aid fire fighting systems, PA system, adequate water supply, Fire
pumps, Fire escape routes, Firemen Lift, Service Shaft enclosures,
compartmentation, approved electrical system, refuse area etc.
outside the high-rise buildings, adequate access roads and
surrounding areas are so designed so as the emergency vehicles
can get as near as possible.
In most cases the fire escape procedure is the same as for a single
family dwelling: “Get Out and Stay Out”. Sometimes, however, it’s
safest to stay in the building, separating yourself from the effects of
a fire and wait to be rescued.
 ADVANCE PLANNING
Consult your building management and fire
department in advance and learn what you are
expected to do
• If you discover a fire, sound the
alarm and call the fire brigade. If
you hear instructions over your
building’s public address system,
listen carefully and do as you are
told. You might be told to stay
where you are.
•Follow your evacuation plan, unless you see
smoke or other signs of fire.
 BE PREPARED
• Know where to find building’s fire alarms and learn
how to use them.
• Learn the sound of your building fire alarms.
• Make sure everyone in your home knows where to go
if the fire alarm sounds and practice your escape plan
together. Your building management should display
evacuation plans prominently, where everyone can
see them.
• Some evacuation plans may have you to go to a
“safe area” inside the building and wait for firemen to
supervise your escape.
• Know atleast two escape routes from every room
in your apartment.
• Count the doors between your living unit and to
nearest building exit. You may have to escape a
fire in the dark.
• In some high-rise fires the safe thing to do is
protect from the fire and stay until the fire
department comes.
 IF YOU LEAVE
• Alert any other people in the flat.
• Leave the room at once and close the door behind
you. Don’t tackle the fire yourself unless it is safe to do
so.
• Leave the flat and when everyone is out, close the
front door. Don’t use balconies unless they are part of
an official escape route.
• Call the fire brigade
• Exit quickly, closing all doors behind you to slow the
spread of fire and smoke.
• If you encounter soke or flames use another
escape route. If you have to escape through
smoke crawl low. Heat and smoke rise above.
Cleaner air will be 1 to 2 feet above the floor.
• Test door before you open them. Kneel or crouch,
reach up high and touch the door, knob and the
space between the door and its frame with the
back of your hand. If the door is hot, don’t open it.
If the door feels cool, open it carefully and be
ready to slam it shut if smoke or heat rushes in.
• Never use a lift in case of
fire; it may stop between
floors or at where the fire is.
Go directly to a staircase
free of smoke and flame.
• Once you are out, tell the fire department if you know
anyone trappedin the building. Do not go back inside
for any reason until the firemen tell you it is safe.
 IF YOU STAY
• If you cannot escape safely or if you are instructed to stay where you
are, be clam and protect yourself.
• If possible, go to a room with an outside window and telephone
closing all doors between you and the fire.
• Use duct tape or stuff the gas in the door with towels tracks or
bedding and cover vents to keep smoke out of the room.
• If there is a phone in the room where you are trapped, call the fire
brigade and tell them exactly where you are.
• Do this even if you can see fire tender from your window.
• Wait at a window and signal
for help with a flash light
beam, if you have one or by
waving a bedsheet or other
bright coloured cloth.
• If possible open the window at the top and
bottom to allow fresh air in, but close it
quickly if smoke from outside comes in.
• Do not break the window.
• Be patient. Rescuing all the occupants of a
high-rise building can take several hours.
 FIRE DETECTORS, FIRST AID
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
Find who is responsible maintaining your
building fire safety systems- such as
fire/smoke, check doors, fire alarms,
emergency lighting system, and fire sprinkler
system. Do not hesitate to report the defect
quickly. If the problem is not corrected, report
the situation to your fire brigade. Make sure
that nothing blocks or otherwise interferes in
the fire fighting systems inside or outside your
living units.
 EXITS

Never lock or block fire exits. Keep waste

material away from escape route. Fire
door not only provide a way out during a
fire, they also slow the spread of the
effect of fires= and smoke. Never prop
fire doors open.
IF A FIRE BREAKS OUT ELSEWHERE IN
YORU BUILDING

It will normally be safe for you to stay in your

own flat. But if your flat is affected by the
heat or smoke, leave at once closing
windows and doors behind you.
 DO’s
• Fire orders should be implemented in the
Building with role and responsibilities of all
occupants.
• Good House keeping
• Use ashtrays while smoking and deposit
smoked butts in them after extinguishing.
• All receptacles for waste should be emptied
at regular intervals.
• Correct rated wire and electrical appliance
etc. should be used.
• Faulty electrical appliance should be repaired/ replaced
immediately.
• Electrical safety devices such as MB, GCD, Switches and
Fuses should confirm to correct rating of Circuit.
• Welding/cutting jobs should be carried out under strict
supervision.
• Keep smoke/fire check doors closed.
• Keep means of escape clear of obstructions.
• Evacuation drills should be conducted at regular
intervals.
• Impart elementary fire fighting training to
occupants.
• Emergency organization must be set up.
• Fire safety equipments should be
maintained in High standard and check at
regular interval.
 DON’Ts
• Don’t dispose of lighted
cigarette ends carelessly.
• Don’t plug too many electric
appliances in one socket.
• Don’t store L.P.Gas against
Gas Cylinders rules.
• Don’t apply any paint of Fire Detectors /
Sprinkler Heads.
• Don’t engage unqualified contractors for the
servicing of fire fighting system.
• Don’t think that fire safety is others jobs
• Don’t relax after hearing fire/emergency call.
 PLAN YOUR ESCAPE ROUTE
In case of ‘FIRE’ in your home, would you know
what to do?
This slide show explains How to make a safe
exit from your home.

“FIRE PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN FIGHTING”

Fire fighting is a specialized job and best left to
the professional fire fighters.
Make your escape plan and get out alive. Talk
everybody in your home and make an escape
plan today.
 Once out, stay out!
Never go back into the building, until the firemen
say it is safe!
• Draw a map of your home. Show every
room door, and window and the location of all
fire safety arrangements.
• Mark an easy way out of each room. Then
find a second way out.
• Help the grown-ups pick a meeting place
outside in front of your home. That’s where
everyone goes when they escape a fire.
• Learn the emergency Fire Service number
101. Call once you get outside.
 ADVANCE PLAN
Make sure that you have “Safe Escape
Plan” in case of Fire involving, everyone in
your home, especially children, the elderly and
disabled.
• By following the advice in this leaflet and
planning your escape route together, you can
save lives of your family members, relatives,
and community members.
• Make sure everyone knows where to find
door and window keys.
• The best escape route is your normal way in
and out of your home so keep it clear.
• Think of the difficulties you may have getting
out, for example in the middle of the night.
• Choose a second escape route, in case the
first one is blocked.
• If you can’t escape, you will need to find a
room to wait in until the Fire Service arrive.
Choose a safe room, ideally one with a
phone, and a window that opens.
 IN CASE OF FIRE
Keep calm.
Act quickly.
Tell everyone in your home.
“Don’t delay – get everyone out”.
• Don’t waste time investigating and collecting
valuables.
• Before you open a door, check it with the back
of your hand. If it hot, don’t open it – fire is on
the other side. Remember to shut doors
behind you.
 IN CASE ESCAPE ROUTE IS BLOCKED

• Get everyone into one room, with a window

that opens, and shut the door.
• Put cushions and bedding around the bottom
of the door to block out smoke.
• Open the window and call for help.

IF YOU CAN’T GET OUT, FIND A SAFE

PLACE TO WAIT
 GET OUT OF A WINDOW
• If you’re on the ground or first floor, you may be
able to escape through a window. If you are
higher up, only consider this if you are in
immediate danger.
• If you need to break a window, use a heavy
object to break the glass in the bottom corner.
Then knock out the glass. Be careful of jagged
edges, make them safe by laying a towel or
blanket over them.
• Break your fall with cushions and bedding.
Remember, don’t jump – lower yourself before
dropping.
IF THERE’S SMOKE KEEP LOW TO THE
GROUND WHERE THE AIR IS CLEANER.
 IF YOUR CLOTHES CATCH FIRE
• Don’t run around, you will fan the flames and
make them burn faster.
• Lie down and roll around. It makes it harder for
the fire to spread and smothers the flame.
• Smother the flames with a heavy material, like a
coat, blanket or a fire blanket.
STAY OUT

Don’t go back in for anything, even if there’s

someone left inside. Wait for the Fire Service
and give them as much information as
possible.
 IF THERE IS A FIRE

GET OUT
STAY OUT
AND CALL 101 or nearest fire brigade
 YOUR EMERGENCY CALL

• Once you’ve escaped, call 101. These calls

are free.
• You can also call the local fire station
number. Speak slowly and clearly.
• Give complete address.
• Explain if anyone is trapped, give his
location.
 DRAW A PLAN AND CREATE A CHECKLIST

Going out of your own home sounds easy,

but everything looks very different when it’s full
of smoke. So practice your plan.
 HOME FIRE DRILLS CAN BE FUN

• Start the drill by shouting : “Fire!” “Everybody out!”

• Follow your escape plan and leave the building
quickly.
• Pretend some way outs are blocked by flame or
smoke. Use your second way out of a room.
• Go directly to the meeting place.
 ESCAPE TIPS
• If you see smoke as you escape try another
escape route.
• If you have to escape through smoke, crawl low to
your exit. Keep your head one to two feet (30 to 60
centimeters) above the floor. That’s where the air
will be cleanest.
• Test door knobs and the space between the door
and its frame with the back of your hand before
opening doors. If the door is hot, try another
escape route. If its cool, open it slowly. Be ready to
slam the door shut if the smoke pours through.
• Never go back into the building for any reason-until
it’s safe to do so. If someone is trapped inside, tell
the firemen.
 FIT A SMOKE ALARM
The best way for you to protect yourself and
your home is to install smoke alarm. Make
sure you test the battery every week. If you
need help or advice on which is the most
suitable smoke alarm for your home, where to
install it, contact your local Fire Service (Fire
Station). They will be happy to give you
advice.
Smoke alarms save lives.
Fit on every floor of your home and test the
batteries regularly.
 REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE
• Last thing at night – You are far more likely to
be killed or injured in a fire during the night.
Get used to checking your home, before you
go to bed.
• Turn off and unplug all electrical appliances
unless they are designed to be left on – like
your freezer or VCR for example.
• Check the electrical cooker is turned off
• Don’t leave the washing machine on.
• Turn room heaters off and put up fire guards.
• Put out candles and cigarettes properly.
• Close inside doors.
Fire extinguishers play an important role in
First Aid Fire Fighting and are not expected to
deal large fire. They are all very valuable in the
early stages of a fire when used promptly and
effectively. The usefulness dpends upon the
knowlrdge of person in handling extinguishers,
their selection and maintenance.
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Its easy to remember how to use a fire
extinguisher if you cam remember the acronym
PASS, which stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze
and Sweep.
Pull the pin or safety clip. This
will allow you to discharge the
extinguisher.

Aim at the base of the fire. If

you aim at the flames ( which
is frequently the temptation),
the extinguishing agent will
fly right through and do no
good. You need want to hit the
fuel.
Squeeze/ Open the top
handle or lever. This
depresses a button that
releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent in the
extinguisher.
Sweep from side to side until
the fire is completely out. Start
using the extinguisher from a
safe distance away, then move
forward. Once the fire is out,
keep an eye on the area in
case it re-ignites.
SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Various types of Fire Extinguishers are available
but all are not equally effective on all types of
fire. For all practical purpose the basic types of
fires can be grouped in to the following classes.
A. Class-A Fires : Fire involving combustible
materials of Organic nature, such as wood,
paper, rubber and many plastics etc., where
the cooling effect of water is essential for
extinguishing fire.
B. Class-B Fires : Fires involving flammable
liquids, flammable solids or the like where a
blanketing effect is essential.
C. Class-C Fires : Fires involving flammable gases
under pressure including liquefied gases, where it is
necessary to inhibit the burning gas at fast rate with an
inert gas, powder or vaporizing liquid for
extinguishment.
D. Class-D Fire : Fires involving combustible metal,
such Magnesium, aluminium, zinc sodium etc, when
the burning metals are reactive to water containing
agents and in certain cases carbon dioxide and
ordinary dry powders. These fires require special
media and techniques to extinguish.
 SUITABILITY OF PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
The types of extinguisher mentioned below against each Class of fire are generally
most suitable. It may however, be noted that this is only for guidance and does not
cover special cases.
A. Class A Fire Water Expelling Type Extinguisher

B. Class B Fire Foam, Dry Chemical Powder, Carbon dioxide extinguisher

C. Class C Fire Dry powder and Carbon
dioxide extinguisher

D. Class D Fire Extinguisher designed

for expelling special Dry
Chemical Powder
FOLLOWING PROCEDURE SHOULD BE
FOLLOWED FOR QUARTERLY
MAINTANENCE, INSPECTION AND
TESTING OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
GENERAL
• Make sure the extinguisher is in proper
condition and shall not be accidentally
discharged.
• Clean the exterior of the extinguisher, polish
the painted portion with wax polish, the brass
parts with metal polish and chromium plated
parts with silver polish.
• Check the nozzle outlet, vent holes in the
threaded portion of the cap for clogging and
check the plunger is in fully extended position
and is clean.
• Check the cap washer; grease the threads of
cap, plunger rod.
• Check all mechanical parts thoroughly
• Check the proper labels.
Dry Powder Type Fire Extinguisher
• Remove gas cartridge from the cap. Weight the cartridge
and compare its mass wit full mass of cartridge marked
on it, if loss of mass, be replaced by new cartridge.
• Examine the nozzle, hose, vent holes, piercing
mechanism of cap cartridge holder, grease and wipe
clean.
• Charge it and fit the cartridge and other fittings.
• Give the serial number and record in proper register.
CO2 Type Fire Extinguisher
• Weight the extinguisher; compare mass
against the mass marked on it for fully
charged extinguisher. It should be sent for
refilling if there is a loss of mass.
• Examine hose, horn and valve assembly.
• Give the serial number and record it in
register.
Mechanical Foam Fire Extinguisher
• Remove gas cartridge from the cap. Weight the cartridge
and compare its mass with full mass of cartridge marked
on it, if the loss of mass, be replaced by new cartridge.
• Examine the nozzle, hose, vent hose, piercing mechanism
of cap cartridge holder, grease and wipe clean.
• Charge it and fit the cartridge and other fittings.
• Give the serial number and record in proper register.
Water CO2 type Fire Extinguisher
• Remove gas cartridge from the cap. Weight the cartridge
and compare its mass with full mass of cartridge marked
on it, if the loss of mass, be replaced by new cartridge.
• Examine the nozzle, hose, vent hose, piercing mechanism
of cap cartridge holder, grease and wipe clean.
• Charge it and fit the cartridge and other fittings.
• Give the serial number and record in proper register.
ABC Pressure Type Fire Extinguisher
• Check the pressure of extinguisher from the
pressure guage and if found lesss than the
required pressure send for refilling.
• Examine the nozzle, hose, vent holes and
clean it
• Give the serial number and record in proper
register.
THERE ARE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF FIRE
Your choice of extinguisher for your particular
fire is crucial in controlling a fire.
Sl TYPE OF CLASS MATERIAL INVOLVED HAZARD AREA EXINGUISHING METHOD WARNING
No. EXTINGUISHER IN FIRE

1 Water A Organic solids. Office, hospital, Penetrates cools. Even Do not use on live
(CO2) e.g. wood, paper, cloth, Theaters, Banks, deep seated “A” class fires electrical equipments.
etc. Restaurants etc.

2 Mechanical Foam B Inflammable liquids Petrol storage depots, A thick Foam Blanket over Do not use on live
(AFFF) Manufacturing units of the burning liquid, cutting of electrical equipments.
Paints and inflammable oxygen supply
liquids

3 Carbon Dioxide B,C Inflammable liquids, Motor pump rooms, Aim at the base of fire from CO2 can cause
(CO2) gases & electrical Laboratories, museums close range. CO2 being asphyxiation in a
appliances and process control heavier settles below and confined space.
area cuts off oxygen supply Ventilate area after
extinguishing fire.

4 Dry Chemical Powder B,C Inflammable liquids & Storage areas of LPG, Chemically interfaces with Do not use in very
gases Acetylene petrol, the combustion chain confined spaces as
industrial solvents and cloud of powder
electrical equipment reduces visibility

5 ABC Powder A,B,C Organic solids, Open storage Chemically interfaces with Do not use in very
(Pressure type) Inflammable liquids & generator rooms, heat the combustion chain confined spaces as
gases treatment shops cloud of powder
reduces visibility
SURVIVAL GUIDE IN CASE OF FIRE
WHAT IS FIRE :

Fire is a chemical reaction in which heat, light

and smoke evolve. To generate fire, heat, fuel
and oxygen is essentially required in balance
ratio. Shortage of anyone restrict occurrence of
fire.
FIRE GROWS FAST :

It is now established that a small flame can get

completely out of control in seconds and turn
into a major fire. It can fill up a home with
black thicksmoke very quickly. In minutes a
home can be engulfed in flames. There is very
short time to “ESCAPE”.

“Each second count in Escape”.

FIRE IS ‘HOT’ & DARK :
Fire generates heat that can kill. Temperature in
a room varies from 100 degree at floor level to
600 degree at eye level. Inhaling super hot air
will scorch your lungs. Heat can melt clothes to
your skin. In just 5 minutes a room can get so
hot that everything in it ignites at once. Fire
brings darkness even it starts bright. It produces
black thick smoke which reduces visibility.

Escape from heat !

Escape before darkness !
FIRE IS DEADLY :
Fire produces heat, smoke and toxic gases.
Smoke and toxic gases travel faster than heat
hence they kill more people than flames do.
Breathing even small amount of smoke and
toxic gases can make you drowsy, disoriented
and short of breath. The odorless, colorless
fumes can lull you into a deep sleep before the
flames reach your door.
FIRES DO HAPPEN :

Fire occurs frequently in Home, Industries,

Office, etc. PREVENT FIRES. You should
make sure that you and others know

(i) What to do if fire does break out?

(ii) What would you do if you or any member
discovers a fire?
(iii) How would you and others escape?
“SAFETY TIPS FOR SURVIVAL”
WHAT TO DO :
In the event of a fire, always remember that time
is precious and every second counts. Follow the
following tips :-

(i) Stay calm, don’t panic and don’t run.

(ii) Raise alarm and alert everyone in your
premises.
(iii) Escape first and then call for help.
(iv) Use nearest available exit routes.
(v) While leaving the premises, close all doors
and windows behind you if possible but
must ensure that nobody is left behind and
you are safe.
(vi) Use only escape routes because they are
built for the purpose.
(vii) Use staircases. “Don’t use lifts”.
(viii) If you come to closed door, use the back of
your hand to feel the top of the door, the door
knob and the cracks between the door and door
frame to make sure that fire is not on the other
side. If it feels hot, use your secondary
escape route. Even if the door feels cool,
open it carefully. Brace your shoulder
against the door and open it slowly. If heat
and smoke come in, slam the
door and make sure it is surely closed, then use
your alternate escape route.
(ix) If you are trapped in smoke-logged area, lie
down and keep your nose close to floor and crawl
towards an exit point.
(x) If you become trapped in your room, close the
door and block any gaps which might let smoke or
fumes through. Shout from the window to attract
the attention of rescue team as well as others.
WHAT NOT TO DO :
i. Never stand up in a fire, always crawl low under
the smoke and try to keep your mouth covered.
ii. Never go back into a burning building for any
reason.
iii.Teach children not to hide from firemen. If
someone is missing, tell the firemen. They are
equipped to perform rescues safely.
iv.Don’t secure open fire and smoke check doors as
they limit the spread of fire and smoke when in
closed position.
v. Don’t be tempted to clutter the stairs,
corridors and lobbies as they are your
escape routes.
vi. Never use lift in case of fire. Always use
staircase.
vii. Do not stop to collect belongings.
viii. Don’t shout or run. This tends to cause
panic to others.
 IN CASE OF

FIRE!
DIAL

HELP N0:
OR
CONTACT THE NEAREST
FIRE STATION

FOLLOW FIRE PRECAUTIONS,

PREVENT FIRE