IBIRIMO

IRIBURIRO...........5
1. Gusobanura amagambo agize umutwe wigitabo...5
1. 1. Amateka...5
1. 2. Ubuvanganzo...5
1. 3. Nyarwanda.11
2. Inozanzira..13
2. 1. Umuyoboro twakurikiye13
2. 2. Ingorane yo kugenera igihe ubuvanganzo ubu nubu
mbere ya 1900 (chronologie/chronology).....................13
3. Ibice bigize aya mateka yubuvanganzo14
IGICE CYA MBERE: IGIHE CYABAMI KUGERA
MU WA 1900
(MBERE YUMWADUKO
WUBUKORONI
NUBUKIRISITU)........................16
Intangiriro: ubuvanganzo nyemvugo.....16
Umutwe wa mbere: UBUVANGANZO BWO MURI
RUBANDA : IVOMO RYUBUVANGANZO
BWIBWAMI .......19
1. 1. Ibitekerezo, imigani ninsigamigani..........................20
1. 1. 1. Ni iki kiranga ko ari ubuvanganzo?......................20
1. 1. 2. Wavangura ute amazi yimigezi
ahurira muri umwe ?.....................................................22
1. 1. 3. Ubushakashatsi kuri izi nteko...29
1. 2. Ibihozo nibisingizo baririmba..33
1. 3. Imbyino zubukwe36
1. 4. Ibyivugo byo mu bitekerezo ninsiguro cyangwa

ingirwabitekerezo.......................................................38
1.5.Iyobokamana : ibitongero nindirimbo (cyangwa
imbyino zimandwa)...................................................41
1.6. Amahigi..48
1.7. Indirimbo zabashumba binka..60
1. 7. 1. Amahamba.60
1. 7. 2. Amabanga (Amahindura)......61
1. 7. 3. Inzira nziza.61
1. 7. 4. Indama...61
1. 7. 5. Ibyisigo..61
1. 7. 6. Amajuri nibihamagaro..62
1. 7. 7. Imyama nimyoma (inka zigishwa).......62
1. 7. 8. Kubangurira...62
1. 8. Uturingushyo cyangwa Amaringushya.63
1. 9. Imigani yimigenurano nibyegeramigani.....69
1. 10. Ibisakuzo..71
1. 11. Rukinamubikomeye.................................................72
1. 12. Ibitutsi nindahiro72
1. 13. Amazina yahantu yibimane..................................74
Umutwe wa kabiri : INGERI ZUBUVANGANZO
NYARWANDA BWIBWAMI.................................76
2. 1. IBISIGO.82
2. 1. 0. Intangiriro.........................................................82
2. 1. 1. Ibinyeto byabimburiye ibisigo...........................83
2. 1. 2. Aho inyandiko zibisigo
zibarizwa nabazikurikiranye.............................................85
2. 1. 3. Ingingo rusange zerekeye ibisigo......87
2. 1. 3. 1. Ijambo igisigo (bw. ibisigo)...87
2. 1. 3. 2. Umusizi......88
2. 1. 3. 3. Guhanga no gutura igisigo.....95

2. 1. 4. Ikivugwa cyangwa ingingo....97

2. 1. 4. 1. Ikivugwa muri rusange......97
2. 1. 4. 2. Hari nibindi bitari ugusingiza
Karinga numwami......................................................106
2. 1. 5. Imiterere/imimerere (isesekazamutima)..118
2. 1. 5. 1. Imbata nibyiciro.118
2. 1. 5. 2. Ibiranganganzo mu miterere yibisigo125
2. 1. 5. 2. 1. Imivugo (imizimizo)....125
2. 1. 5. 2. 2. Indezi...127
2. 1. 5. 2. 3. Amagambo yihariye yibisigo.128
2. 1. 5. 2. 4. Injyana: amabango nimikarago......130
2. 1. 5. 2. 5. Imwe mu misusire nimiterere.....132
2. 1. 5. 2. 6. Urunyacyirima.....137
2. 1. 6. Umubare wabasizi nuwibisigo.....141
2. 1. 6. 1. Ibisigo byakiriwe na A. Kagame.....................144
2. 1. 6. 2. Intekerezo........................................................144
2. 1. 7. Imigendere yibisigo....150
2. 1. 7. 1. Kubungabunga no guhererekanya ibisigo uko
amasekuruza yagiye asimburana....150
2. 1. 7. 2. Imigendere...153
2. 1. 7. 2. 1. Imigendere yikivugwa................153
2. 1. 7. 2. 2. Imigendere yimiterere (imimerere cg
isesekazamutima).......154
2. 1. 7. 2. 3. Ikibazo Thodore Papadopulos yibajije
nigisubizo cyacyo cyerekeye ikivugwa mu bisigo........158
2. 2. AMAZINA YINKA ..165
2. 2. 1. Inka mu Rwanda rwo hambere .......165
2. 2. 1. 1. Imigani miremire nibitekerezo ku nka...........165
2. 2. 1. 2. Agaciro kinka mu Rwanda.............................166
2. 2. 2. Amazina yinka nyirizina ........168

2. 2. 2. 1. Aho umukaba wamazina yinka ubarizwa.168

2. 2. 2. 2. Ubwoko bubiri bwinyambo ...170
2. 2. 2. 3. Abisi ba Nyirinka................... .....170
2. 2.2. 4. Inganzo yabisi..............173
2. 2. 2. 5. Imbata yamazina yinka ....177
2. 2. 2. 6. Ikivugwa mu mazina yinka............................183
2. 2. 2. 6. 1. Ubwiza.........................................................184
2. 2. 2. 6. 2. Ubutwari (ku rugamba)................................184
2. 2. 2.6. 3. Umwami Nyirinka mu mazina yinka..........188
2. 2. 2. 7. Imiterere (imvugo)...........................................191
2. 2. 2. 7. 1. Injyana: umusumba mu mazina yinka........191
2. 2. 2.7. 2. Ibiranganganzo..............................................204
(1) Amagambo.............................................................204
(2) Isubirajambo ningaruzo (isubiramvugwarimwe)..206
(3) Isubirajwi...............................................................209
(4) Igereranya..............................................................212
(5) Ihwanisha...............................................................213
(6) Agakabyo...............................................................214
(7) Igiramuntu cg ihinduramuntu................................215
(8) Umubangikanyo.....................................................215
(9) Ikiganiro nyabubiri.................................................218
(10) Umucuri...............................................................220
(11) Igaruracyungo......................................................220
(12) Umudanangiro.....................................................222
(13) Igaranzuramvugo.................................................222
Umwanzuro werekeye amazina yinka............................224
2. 3. IBYIVUGO..226
2. 3. 1. Icyivugo icyo ari cyo.......227
2. 3. 2. Aho umukaba wibyivugo ubarizwa227
2. 3. 3. Ikivugwa..............................................................229

2. 3. 4. Imiterere (isura)...................................................230
2. 3. 5. Ubwoko bwibyivugo.........................................234
2. 3. 5. 1. Ibyivugo birombereje.....................................234
2. 3. 5. 2. Ibyivugo byimyato........................................236
2. 4. INANGA, INDIRIMBO ZINGABO,
IBIHOZO (XVII-XIX s...............237
2. 4. 1. Inanga zibwami..................................................238
2. 4. 2. Indirimbo zingabo : inshingano zIbikore......242
2. 4. 3. Ibihozo nindirimbo zurukundo..244
2. 4. 4. Indirimbo ninanga zibwami no muri rubanda...248
2. 4. 5. Ubuvanganzo bwurwenya: ibisigo ninanga..250
2. 4. 6. Inanga ziherekeza imigani, ibitekerezo
ninkuru: ubusizi mu murondore.........255
Umwanzuro wigice cya mbere...256
IGICE CYA KABIRI: IGIHE CYA NYUMA
YUMWADUKO WUBUKORONI NUBUKIRISITU
KUGEZA UBU..............................................................258
Umutwe wa gatatu: IBYARANZE UBWO
BUVANGANZO........................260
3. 1. Kuva mu 1900 kugeza ku bwigenge260
3. 1. 1. Ubuvanganzo nyarwanda bwanditse ntibuzwi260
3. 1. 2. Imikurire yabwo iruhanyije.....262
3. 1. 3. Uruhare rwubukoroni.263
3. 1. 4. Uburezi nubuhanzi..264
3. 1. 5. Ca hano ntiyuzura nubuhanzi..268
3. 2. Ku gihe cya Repuburika......................................270
3. 2. 1. Ibisare bidasibangana ..270
3. 2. 2. Ibibazo bijyana nubwo buvanganzo ..271

Umutwe wa kane : INGERI ZIGARAGAJE MURI

ICYO
GIHE275
4. 1. INKURU NDENDE NINKURU NGUFI .275
4. 1. 1. Inkuru ndende......................................................275
4. 1. 2. Inkuru ngufi.........................................................281
4. 2. IKINAMICO282
4. 3. UBUSIZI..293
4. 4. IMBYINO NINDIRIMBO.310
4. 4. 1. Ikivugwa......316
4. 4. 2. Imiterere...346
4. 4. 2. 1. Ibiranganganzo mu mbyino
nindirimbo nyarwanda zubu (1900-2010)......346
4. 5. UBUVANGANZO NA JENOSIDE.......361
Umusozo ku gice cya kabiri............................365
UMUSOZO RUSANGE........368
INYANDIKO ZIIFASHISHIJWE ..372
IMIGEREKA.................................................................388
Umugereka 1: Abami bu Rwanda uko bakurikirana......388
Umugereka 2: Urutonde rwabasizi, ingoma
basizeho nibisigo byabo............................................390
Umugereka 3: Amagambo asobanuye.............................402