Expressing REASON or CAUSE (= Razn o causa): STRUCTURE

BECAUSE + sentence SINCE + sentence AS + sentence FOR + sentence FOR + gerund (V-ing) BECAUSE OF + noun/pronoun DUE TO + noun/pronoun

TRANSLATION
porque ya que, como como ya que, puesto que, por a causa de, debido a a causa de, debido a

EXAMPLES
I couldnt go then because I had to study. Since there wasnt enough show, they didnt go skiing. As I am very busy studying for my exams,I wont go with you. He isnt allowed to smoke for he is still a kid. They put him in prison for stealing cars. We couldnt go because of the storm. Due to his bad attitude, he lost his job.

Expressing RESULT or CONSEQUENCE (= Resultado o consecuencia): STRUCTURE

SO + adjective/adverb + THAT SUCH + (adjective) + noun + THAT SO MANY + plural countable noun + THAT SO MUCH + (singular) uncountable noun + THAT SO AS A RESULT/CONSEQUENCE OF + noun phrase THEREFORE FOR THIS/THAT REASON THATS WHY

TRANSLATION
tanque

EXAMPLES
We were so impatient that we couldnt wait for them. They had such a big dog that nobody dared to go near their house. They had such big dogs that nobody went near their house. There were so many people that we couldnt get into the pub. He drank so much wine that he got drunk.

tanque

tantos/asque

tanto/aque

as pues, as que como/a consecuencia de por lo tanto, por consiguiente por esta/esa razn

The party was boring, so I left early. As a result of the war, the prices of oil and bread went up enormously. They saved the prize money from the lottery. Therefore, they were rich. I havent eaten in 2 days. For this reason, Im hungry.

por esta/esa razn, sa es la razn por Ive been ill. Thats why I didnt call. la que/cual Many of the university subjects available En consecuencia, are not taught at high schools, and consecuentemente consequently, they may be unfamiliar.

CONSEQUENTLY

1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVES. 1. ______________ the cruise was a special offer, they booked it immediately. (As /Because of) 2. There were no seats left on the flight ______________ the time of year. (since /because of) 3. ______________ we had won some money, we decided to travel around Europe.(Because / Because of) 4. ______________ they enjoyed life in the open air, they decided to go camping.(Because of / Since) 5. ______________ the heat, they spent most of their time in the hotel room. (Since /Because of) 6. ______________ the exchange rate was so good. He bought a lot of things to take home. (Because of / As)

2.- COMBINE THE PAIR OF SENTENCES BELOW INTO ONE SENTENCE, USING APPROPRIATE CAUSE OR EFFECT LINKER FROM THE LIST: due to because therefore consequently so since because of but

1. Janice got home late. She missed her TV program. 2. Alvin missed the bus. He woke up late. 3. My brother does not sleep very well. The neighborhood is noisy. 4. John bought a second car. He didnt want his wife to walk to work. 5. I phoned the doctor last night. The baby had a very high fever. 6. Peter stole the old womans bag. The judge will condemn him. 7. I havent heard from him for a long time. Ill call him tonight.

2.- COMBINE THE TEXT WITH AN APPROPRIATE CAUSE OR EFFECT LINKER: There are several possible reasons why my father is in excellent health, even though he is over eighty years of age. For one thing, he is in excellent condition he has stopped smoking cigarettes. He quit smoking cigarettes whenever he climbed stairs he would invariably stop several times and cough loudly. His good health is also his cutting down on the wrong kinds of foods. For example, whereas before he would eat fatty red meat and deep-fried dishes several times a week, nowadays he seldom does so. He has more energy y . He is also in good physical shape his devotion to exercise. He swims three times a week at the local gym, and on sunny days he prefers to walk home rather than take the bus. my father is in better shape than some of his children are!