Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dear 2013 CJC History Students, In Term 3, we will function in a different way from the usual practice. Please read this entire document IN DETAIL in order to best capture how to use this document and the differing expectations in Term 3 2013. For some, this might mean printing this document and highlighting the salient points. For others, it may mean reading this document three times through. Do that which works best for you. Where there are queries, you may drop either History tutors an email at nur_adhana_mohamed_anwar@moe.edu.sg or teo_shue_mei_michelle@moe.edu.sg. Thank you! Ms Ana & Ms Teo
CJC J2 History Team 2013
A. LESSON EXPECTATIONS
Lecture Expectations + Tutorial Expectations + Consultation Expectations
Aims of Term 3:
Intensive Revision for the Preliminary Examinations & the A Levels through: Exposure to a variety of A level essay questions Fine-tuning essay writing skills Mastering time-management
consolidated time) There will be 4 lectures and 5 tutorials over a period of two weeks. Most sessions (i.e. both lecture and tutorials) are dedicated to dealing with essay questions. Focus for each session: Exposure to questions & approach. Review of selected essays by students. As NO TEACHERPREPARED outlines will be given out from Term 3 onwards, the onus is on the students assigned the specific qns to put in much effort in producing a gd essay. Consolidation of historical content is the students responsibility and done during the students personal revision and preparation time.
Sessions must be student-centred. Aim to be very self-directed and take charge of your learning. Preparation will be expected for both lectures and tutorials. Refer to the examples & templates provided in pgs 3-6 to identify what is deemed as required preparation. Lecture and Tutorials are meant for questions to be raised. Students must come prepared for optimal use of time. At this point, the teachers should (hopefully) function as facilitators or guides to clarify, answer your questions & comment on the quality of your prepared work. For all lessons missed due to (unforeseen) circumstances: Hist reps are responsible for scheduling make up. No initiative = forsaken lesson.
Conduct in class
Consultations
Should students have questions that are not tackled in the classroom, they can arrange for consultations with the tutors in groups of at least 3 students. However, the pre-requisite for consultations is that the student(s) actively participated in class discussions as consultations are not tuition sessions. More details will be provided at the 1st lecture of term 3.
SAMPLE
Q (1) It was the end of the bipolar world that led to the rise of religious fundamentalism. Discuss.
Topic (Focus): Reasons for the rise of Religious Fundamentalism Timeframe: 1945 - 2000 Type of Qn: Causes & X-variable Assumption: - - The end of bipolar world was the main/sole factor to the rise of RF - - Discuss There were other factors that contributed to RF Criteria + Evidence 1st level: Definition of key words 1) End of the bipolar world defined as beginning with the ECW in 1989, and
reaffirmed by the collapse of USSR in 1991
SCHEME OF WORK: TERM 3 2013 Q (2) How great was the impact of the rise of religious fundamentalism in the Middle East on regional security from 1970 to 2000?
Topic (Focus): Timeframe: Type of Qn: Assumption:
nd
Stand: [Defining given factor / x variable] The end of the bipolar world is defined in
Stand:
this essay as the collapse of USSR in 1991, which marked the demise of USSR as a superpower & brought to a final end the CW competition btw USA & USSR. [Role of the given factor / x variable] The absence of Soviet hegemony brought to the fore latent religious tensions & rivalries, contributing to the rise of RF forces especially in Central Asia. Yet it is limited in explaining the rise of RF where the CW rivalry had negligible impact such as in the US and South Asia. [Downplay given factor by raising an alternative stronger reason / larger factor] However, the rise of religious fundamentalism can more consistently and fundamentally be attributed to the backlash brought about due to dissatisfactory socio-economic conditions and prevailing nationalist agendas
Q( )
Topic (Focus): Timeframe: Type of Qn: Assumption:
Stand:
Stand:
* students can either print multiple copies of this pg or simply reproduce this template in the same format on a fresh sheet of paper.
EXAMPLE:
Given Factor: ideological forces (culture & religion) Assumption to question: is it true that ideological forces were important in the rise of nationalism?
Set Criteria: IMPORTANT = in shaping aims, methods, formation of groups Higher Order Thinking Skills: Weigh/Evaluate the role of the given factor (culture + religion) vs other factors (eg non-traditional factors communism and democracy as ideologies)
Q. HOW FAR WERE CULTURE AND RELIGION IMPORTANT IN THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN SEA BEFORE 1941? BRAINSTORMING AND PLANNING PROCESS: CHOICE OF CASE STUDIES Burma (BEV)
Culture + religion: social decline , YMBA, pongyis wanted to revive culture From late 1920s: foreign ideologies more impt: secular/democracy-Thakins
Malaya
Different from Burma and East Indies Culture and religion remained the predominant forces. PRO-MALAY: Malay educated intellectuals Western educated intellectual: limited appeal
CONSTRUCT 5 TOPIC SENTENCES (IN SEA, TS MUST IDENTIFY THE COUNTRY AND COMPARE)
TS 1: TS 2: TS 3: TS 4: TS 5: Write out the judgemental conclusion
UNPACK THE Q:
CONSTRUCT 5 TOPIC SENTENCES (IN SEA, TS MUST IDENTIFY THE COUNTRY AND COMPARE)
TS 1: TS 2: TS 3: TS 4: TS 5:
WEEK/DATES
1
1 7 July
L1: SEA Theme 3 Expectation Setting (Lessons & Consultations) Inter-state tensions: Causes Review & Qns L2: SEA Theme 3 ASEAN SBQ Review & Recap of Skills L1: IH Theme 3 UN SBQ Review & Recap of Skills L2: IH Theme 3 Rise of RF: Causes & Consequences Review & Qns
T1: SEA Theme 2 National Unity Prepare a full essay outline on:
Assess the view that language and religion were more important than multiculturalism in creating national unity in independent Southeast Asian states.
2
8 14 July
Mon (8/7): Youth Day Hol
T2: SEA Theme 3 Inter-state tensions: Consequences Review & Questions T3: SEA Theme 3 Review of ASEAN SBQ I T4: IH Theme 3 Review of UN SBQ 1 T5: IH Theme 3 Rise of RF, Arab-Israeli & Kashmir Conflict Review & Qns T1: IH Theme 1 Origins of the Cold War Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared
3
15 21 July
L1: SEA Theme 3 Test on Inter-state tensions L2: IH Theme 1 The End of CW - Causes for ECW, Collapse of USSR & PCW Review & Qns
4
22 28 July
L1: SEA Theme 1 Rise & Devt of Nationalism Review & Qns
T2: IH Theme 1 Origins & Extension of the Cold War Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared
L2: SEA Theme 1 Impact of Japanese Occupation Review & Qns T3: SEA Theme 2.1 Causes for End of Cold War & Collapse of USSR & PCW Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared T4: SEA Theme 1 Rise & Devt of Nationalism T1: SEA Theme 2 National Unity Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared T2: SEA Theme 2 Search for Political Structures Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared T3: SEA Theme 2 Econ Devt Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared T4: IH Theme 2 Growth & Problems of the GE Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared T5: [In view of public holidays]
5
28 July 4 Aug
L1: SEA Theme 2 Challenges to Independent SEA Overview of all the different sub-themes
6
5 11 August
Wed - Fri (7 -9/8): National Day Hari Raya Puasa
7
12 18 August
L1: IH Theme 2 The Development of the GE Japan, China & US Dominance L2: Time-based practice of UN SBQ [3 sources + Review] L1: Time-based practice of ASEAN SBQ [3 sources + Review] L2: Review of National Unity Test
T1: IH Theme 2 Japan, China & US Dominance Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared T2: Selection of A level paper 1 + variety of qns T3 : Selection of A level paper 2 + variety of qns T4: Selection of A level papers 1 & 2 + variety of qns In session analysis for essay qns. No prior preparation required.
8
19 25 August
9
26 Aug 1 Sep
10
2 9 Sep
PAPER 1: INTERNATIONAL HISTORY THEME 1: THE COLD WAR AND HOW IT SHAPED THE WORLD
ASSIGNED QUESTIONS STRETCH QUESTIONS
THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II (OCW)
1. "The Truman Doctrine was the most important factor in accelerating the development of the Cold War in Europe after World War II." How far do you agree with this view? 2. The origins of the Cold War were less about ideologies and more about concerns over security. Discuss.
More a result of misunderstanding than expansionist ambitions. How far do you agree with the statement in relation to USA and USSRs policies towards Europe in the period 1945-1949? How far do you agree that the development of the US policy of containment in the late 1940s was based on a mistaken interpretation of Soviet aims and ambitions? A necessary and justified response to Soviet aggression. Discuss this view of American policy towards Europe 1945-49. How far do you agree that the Truman Doctrine was a turning point in the development of the Cold War from 1945-1949? The end of the Cold War marked the turning point in the historiography of the Cold War origins. Access the validity of this statement. In the origins of the Cold War, ideology was a mask for economic conflict. Discuss.
3. Among the post-war leaders, Truman was the key person who aggravated tensions and contributed the most to the outbreak of the Cold War. Discuss. 4. To what extent did the division of Germany in 1945 mark the outbreak of the Cold War? 5. To what extent has the end of the Cold War influenced the historical debate on the origins of the Cold War?
10
THE EXTENSION /GLOBALISATION OF THE COLD WAR OUTSIDE EUROPE: KOREAN WAR AND CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS (GCW)
1. The Korean War was more an expression of localised conflict than superpower rivalry. How far do you agree with this statement? (A Level 2011) 2. The Korean War was a turning point in the development of the Cold War. Discuss. 3. To what extent did the Cuban Missile Crisis arise from US hostility to Castro's regime? (A Level 2012) 4. Which of the following had the greater impact on the development of the Cold War: the Korean War or the Cuban Missile Crisis? 5. The Korean War was more significant in the spread of the Cold War outside Europe than the Cuban Missile Crisis. How far do you agree? (A Level 2008)
To what extent were the USA and USSR in control of developments in the Korean Peninsula from 1950 to 1953? How far do you agree that the impact of the Korean War was out of proportion to its causes? The Cuban Missile Crisis broke out because of the aggression of the superpowers. How far do you agree? How far was Soviet policy to blame for the development of the Cuban Missile Crisis? How far was US policy to blame for the development of the crisis in Cuba? The extension of the Cold War outside Europe paradoxically stabilized it. Assess the validity of this assertion with close reference to the Korean War and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The globalization of the Cold War in the 1950s and 1960s is clear evidence that both the USA and USSR had expansionist ambitions. Discuss the validity of this statement with reference to the Korean War and the Cuban Missile Crisis. To what extent were the Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis proxy wars for superpower rivalry?
THE END OF THE COLD WAR (ECW) & THE COLLAPSE OF USSR
1. The end of the Cold War was caused by the USSRs internal problems and had nothing to do with the USA. How far do you agree? 2. Without the power of the people, the Cold War would not have ended. Discuss. 3. The Western Triumphalist view of the end of the Cold War is the most credible because USA played a pivotal role in ending the Cold War. Discuss. 4. How far do you agree that the Cold War ended in 1989 with the breaking away of Eastern European states rather than the collapse of the Soviet Union?
When did the Cold War end: 1987? 1988? 1989? 1990? 1991? The Americans did not win the CW; the USSR merely lost it. Discuss. How far do you agree that the CW came to an end due to the decline and eventual implosion of the USSR? It was not the success of containment that led to the end of the Cold War but Gorbachevs inability to deal with the forces of democracy. How far do you agree with this statement? The CW ended becos the Communist leaders allowed it to. Discuss. Did the end of the CW cause the end of the USSR or vice versa? The Soviet initiative school of thought was the most balanced explanation for the end of the Cold War from 1980 to 1991. How far do you agree with this statement? Reagans actions were negligible on a platform where Gorbachevs actions took centre stage. Discuss the validity of this assertion with reference to the developments leading to the end of the Cold War by 1989.
11
1. How far do you agree that the breakaway of the Eastern European satellite states in 1989 was the most important factor that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991? 2. The USSR collapsed in 1991 because the Soviet economy slowed, stopped and went into reverse. Discuss. 3. Gorbachev was unwittingly, the singular cause for the demise of his country. How far is this, an accurate explanation for the collapse of the Soviet Union? 4. "An emerging new world disorder." Discuss this view of the international system in the 1990s.
A more unified capitalist and free world was more of a delusion than reality. How far do you agree with this assessment of the post-Cold War era from 1989-2000? How far do you agree that the international order of the 1990s differed very little from the Cold War system?
12
1. How far did the global economy benefit from the liberalisation of trade during the period 1945-2000? 2. The GE from 1945 to 2000 was distinguished more by problems than successes. Do you agree? 3. Assess the validity of the following statement. With the oil crisis of the 1970s, the international economy had entered an era of instability. 4. Developing nations were more responsible for the problems in the global economy in the period 1971 to 2000, than developed nations.
13
1. Examine the reasons for Japans economic miracle and their significance to her problems in the 1990s. 2. The open door foreign policy, export-oriented programme or agricultural reform which factor best explains the growth of the Chinese economy from 1978-2000? 3. USA was the most dominant power in the world econ between 1945-2000. Explain. 4. To what extent can USs influence in the development of the international economy from 1945 to 2000 be attributed to its provision of aid through the European Recovery Plan?
To what extent is it accurate to see the Jpnese economic experience in the 1970s-90s as a capitalist illusion? It was through sheer luck that the Jpnese managed to develop themselves into an econ superpower. Discuss. To what extent is it accurate to see the Jpnese economic experience in the 1970s-90s as a capitalist illusion? Examine the reasons for Japans economic miracle and their significance to her problems in the 1990s Japan has only itself to blame for the failure to sustain its economic miracle. Discuss. The global economic crises of the 1970s reversed the fortunes of the booming Japanese economy. Discuss. How far can the collapse of the Japanese economy in the 1990s be attributed to the bursting of its asset bubble? Chinas economic miracle in the 1980s and 1990s were due, to a large extent, to the creation of an industrial backbone, by reforming the state industries. Assess. China experienced a smooth and relatively unhindered economic growth from 1978 to 2000. Discuss. How far do changes in ideology explain the rise of China as a major economic power in the post-Mao era? How far do you agree that it was economic reforms first, political changes after that contributed to Chinas economic success? How far do you agree that the economic growth experienced by China from the 1980s until 2000 was due to the policies of economic liberalization by Deng Xiaoping? The developed countries were most responsible for the crisis decades in the international economy from the 1970s-1990. Discuss. To what extent did the dominance of USA in the global economy from 1945 -1975 serve her own interests?
14
15
ORIGINS, NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-WORLD WAR II NATIONALISM: ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITATIONS + COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS RESPONSE TO NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS
Examine the key features of SEAsian nationalism in the period prior to 1941. Nationalism was the product of oppressive rule. Assess the validity of the statement with regard to early 20th century nationalism in SEA. The main obstacle to the achievement of independence in SouthEast Asia was not Western repression, but division and rivalry between the nationalist groups. Do you agree? How important was the role played by colonial powers in the emergence and development of SEAsian nationalism in the period prior to the Japanese occupation of South-East Asia. The development of nationalism in SEA from 1900-1941 was exclusive rather than integrative. How far do you agree? SEAsian nationalists should bear the most responsibility for their failures before World War Two. How far do you agree with this statement? To what extent were the SEAsian nationalists incompetent challengers of colonial rule in the period before WWII? The colonial powers sowed the seeds of their own destruction. Assess the validity of this statement in the context of the rise of Southeast Asian nationalist movements. How far do you agree that the diverse responses of nationalists groups undermined their success before WWII? Individual leaders or political philosophies - which was more important in shaping nationalist movements in SEA?
1. 2.
Southeast Asian nationalists had achieved nothing of significance before World War Two. Discuss. Western education was the key driving force in the rise of nationalism. Discuss with reference to the period 1900 to 1942.
3. 'The measures taken by colonial governments in Southeast Asia before World War II merely postponed the eventual success of nationalist movements.' How far do you agree with this statement? 4. Successful Southeast Asian nationalist movements before the Second World War were characterised by modern ideologies. To what extent is this statement true? 5. New directions, new elites but little impact. Is this a fair assessment of nationalist movements in the period prior to the Japanese Occupation?
16
END OF THE COLONIAL RULE: ROLE OF THE NATIONALISTS; IMPACT OF COLONIAL POLICIES AND INTERNATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES / DECOLONIZATION
1. To what extent did World War Two bring about the end of colonialism in Southeast Asia? 2. Not on the strength of the nationalists but on the assent of the colonial powers. To what extent is this an accurate reflection of decolonization in Southeast Asia? 3. Between the impacts of World War Two and the developing Cold War, which factor proved decisive in bringing decolonization to Southeast Asia after 1945? 4. 'Nationalist movements in Southeast Asia had high quality leadership.' How far does this explain the end of colonial rule?
Individual leaders or political philosophies - which was more important in shaping nationalist movements in SEA? There was striking unity about the aims, if not the methods of the colonial powers upon their return to SEA in 1945. Do you agree? While nationalist efforts were important, the pace of Southeast Asias decolonisation was ultimately controlled by the colonialists. Discuss. The experiences gained from the Japanese Occupation proved pivotal in the decolonisation process in Southeast Asia. Discuss. Since the end of WWII, which has been the more important influence in SEA: threat of communist subversion or superpower rivalry? How far do events between 1945 1965, bear out the principle that the Age of Empire was dead. Why did some Southeast Asian countries achieve independence earlier than others in the region
17
1. How far do you agree that democracy was abandoned in the search for political structures in independent Southeast Asian states? 2. The emergence of the military as a force in Southeast Asian politics was the outcome of Cold War rivalry in the region. Discuss.
3. A mixed blessing. How accurate is this statement in describing authoritarian governments in independent Southeast Asian states? 4. To what extent do you agree that Communism was a threat to the newlyindependent governments of Southeast Asia?
18
1. How far did the pursuit of economic nationalism affect economic development in independent Southeast Asia states till 1997? 2. How far do you agree with the view that external actors and developments played a more crucial role than Southeast Asian governments in the development of the economy up till 1997? 3. The independent economies of Southeast Asia experienced more problems than growth. How far do you agree with this statement in reference to the period 1950 to 1997? 4. To what extent was the financial crisis in Asia in 1997 the result of currency speculation?
Governments do not make good captains of the economy. How true is this statement in evaluating the role played by governments in the economic development of their countries? Why did some Southeast Asian economies developed faster than others after independence?
19
ASSIGNED QUESTIONS
STRETCH QUESTIONS
1. In post-colonial SEA, inter-state tensions were endemic, but irreconcilable. Discuss. 2. Regional tensions, rather than regional cooperation, have marked the history of Southeast Asian states. How far do you agree with this statement? 3. How effectively have newly-independent states in SEA dealt with territorial disputes between them? 4. There was no unity in diversity. How far is this true of the relations between SEAsian states in the period 1960-1997?
Regional co-operation in SEA is more of a success than a failure. How far do you agree with this statement? A region riddled with disputes, yet a stable region. How would you account for this paradox? Doomed to instability. How accurate is this assessment of interstate relations in the region after independence? To what extent were inter-state tensions a setback to regional cooperation in independent Southeast Asia? Critically examine whether regional organisations were successful in Southeast Asia, in the period between 1945 and 1997. Up to 1997, independent Southeast Asian states have more easily avoided interstate conflicts than resolved them. Discuss. Why were some tensions between Southeast Asian states since 1945 more difficult to resolve than others? Inter-state tensions limited regional cooperation. How far does a study of inter-state relations in the period in the period 1954-1997 supports this view.
20