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Wyoming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coordinates: 43N 107.5W

"Wy" redirects here. For the Australian micronation, see Principality of Wy.
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This article is about the U.S. state of Wyoming. For other uses, see Wyoming (disambiguation). Wyoming ( i /waom/) is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. Wyoming is the 10th most extensive, but the least populous and the second least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. The western two thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains. Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city of Wyoming with a population of nearly 60,000 people within its city proper.
Contents [hide] 1 Geography 1.1 Location and size 1.2 Mountain ranges 1.3 Islands 1.4 Public lands 1.4.1 Parks 1.4.2 Recreation areas 1.4.3 National monuments 1.4.4 National historic trails and sites 1.4.5 National parkways
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State of Wyoming

Flag

Seal

Nickname(s): Equality State (official); Cowboy State; Big Wyoming Motto(s): Equal Rights

Official

English

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1.4.5 National parkways 1.4.6 Wildlife refuges and hatcheries 2 Climate 3 History 4 Demographics 4.1 Population 4.2 Religion 5 Economy 5.1 Mineral production 5.2 Taxes 6 Transportation 7 Wind River Indian Reservation 8 State law and government 8.1 Judicial system 8.2 Politics 9 Counties 10 Cities and towns 11 Metropolitan areas 12 Education 12.1 Higher education 13 Sports 14 Miscellaneous information 14.1 State symbols 14.2 Wyomingites 15 See also 16 References 17 External links

language(s) Dem onym Capital (and largest city) Largest m etro area Area - Total Width Length % w ater Latitude Longitude Wyomingite Cheyenne Cheyenne Metro Area Ranked 10th in the U.S. 97,814 sq mi (253,348 km2) 280 miles (450 km) 360 miles (581 km) 0.7 41N to 45N 1043'W to 1113'W Ranked 50th in the U.S. 568,158 (2011 estimate) [1] 5.85/sq mi (2.26/km2) Ranked 49th in the U.S. Gannett Peak[2][3][4] 13,809 ft (4209.1 m) 6,700 ft (2040 m) Belle Fourche River at South Dakota border [3][4] 3,101 ft (945 m) Wyoming Territory July 10, 1890 (44th) Matt Mead (R) Max Maxfield (R) Wyoming Legislature Senate House of Representatives Mike Enzi (R) John Barrasso (R) Cynthia Lummis (R) (list)

Population - Total - Density Elevation - Highest point - Mean - Low est point

Before statehood Adm ission to Union Governor Secretary of State Legislature - Upper house - Low er house U.S. Senators U.S. House

Geography
Location and size
As specified in the designating legislation for the Territory of
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U.S. House Cynthia Lummis (R) (list) Wyoming, Wyoming's borders are lines of latitude, 41N and 45N, delegation and longitude, 1043'W and 1113'W (27 W and 34 W of the Tim e zone Mountain: UTC -7/-6 Washington Meridian), making the shape of the state a latitudeAbbreviations WY US-WY longitude quadrangle. [5] Wyoming is one of only three states (along Website w yoming.gov with Colorado and Utah) to have borders along only straight latitudinal and longitudinal lines, rather than being defined by natural landmarks. Due to surveying inaccuracies during the 19th century, Wyoming's legal border deviates from the true latitude and longitude lines by up to half of a mile (0.8 km) in some spots, especially in the mountainous region along the 45th parallel.[6] Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, on the southwest by Utah, and on the west by Idaho. It is the tenth largest state in the United States in total area, containing 97,814 square miles (253,340 km2) and is made up of 23 counties. From the north border to the south border it is 276 miles (444 km); [7] and from the east to the west Wind River Canyon border is 365 miles (587 km) at its south end and 342 miles (550 km) at the north end.

Mountain ranges

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The Great Plains meet the Rocky Mountains in Wyoming. The state is a great plateau broken by many mountain ranges. Surface elevations range from the summit of Gannett Peak in the Wind River Mountain Range, at 13,804 feet (4,207 m), to the Belle Fourche River valley in the states northeast corner, at 3,125 feet (953 m). In the northwest are the Absaroka, Owl Creek, Gros Ventre, Wind River and the Teton ranges. In the north central are the Big Horn Mountains; in the northeast, the Black Hills; and in the southern region the Laramie, Snowy and Sierra Madre ranges.

Thunder Basin National Grassland close to Douglas, Wyoming

The Snowy Range in the south central part of the state is an extension of the Colorado Rockies in both geology and appearance. The Wind River Range in the west central part of the state is Kernowek remote and includes more than 40 mountain peaks in excess of 13,000 ft (4,000 m) tall in addition to Gannett Peak, Kiswahili the highest peak in the state. The Big Horn Mountains in the north central portion are somewhat isolated from the bulk Kreyl ayisyen of the Rocky Mountains. open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com

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of the Rocky Mountains. The Teton Range in the northwest extends for 50 miles (80 km), part of which is included in Grand Teton National Park. The park includes the Grand Teton, the second highest peak in Wyoming. The Continental Divide spans north-south across the central portion of the state. Rivers east of the divide drain into the Missouri River Basin and eventually the Gulf of Mexico. They are the North Platte, Wind, Big Horn and the Yellowstone rivers. The Snake River in northwest Wyoming eventually drains into the Columbia River and the Pacific Ocean, as does the Green River through the Colorado River Basin. The continental divide forks in the south central part of the state in an area Wyoming terrain known as the Great Divide Basin where the waters that flow or precipitate into this area remain there and cannot flow to any ocean. Instead, because of the overall aridity of Wyoming, water in the Great Divide Basin simply sinks into the soil or evaporates. Several rivers begin or flow through the state, including the Yellowstone River, Bighorn River, Green River, and the Snake River.

Islands
Main article: List of islands of Wyoming

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Wyoming has 32 named islands, of which the majority are located in Jackson Lake and Yellowstone Lake within Yellowstone National Park in the northwest portion of the state. Green River in the southwest also contains a number of islands.

Public lands
More than 48% of the land in Wyoming is owned by the U.S. Government, leading Wyoming to rank sixth in the U.S. in total acres and fifth in percentage of a state's land owned by the federal government. [8] This amounts to about 30,099,430 acres (121,808.1 km2) owned and managed by the U.S. Government. The
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state government owns an additional 6% of all Wyoming lands, or another 3,864,800 acres (15,640 km2).[8] The vast majority of this government land is managed by the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service in numerous National Forests, a National Grassland, and a number of vast swaths of public land, in addition to the F.E. Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne. In addition, Wyoming contains areas that are under the management of the National Park Service and other agencies. They include:
Map of Wyoming: National Parks and NPS sites

Parks
Yellowstone National Park Grand Teton National Park

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Recreation areas
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area

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Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area (Forest Service-Ashley National Forest)

National monuments
Devils Tower National Monument Fossil Butte National Monument

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National historic trails and sites


California National Historic Trail Independence Rock (Wyoming) Fort Laramie National Historic Site Medicine Wheel National Historic Site Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming
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[edit]
An eruption of Castle Geyser in Yellow stone National Park

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Oregon National Historic Trail Pony Express National Historic Trail

National parkways
John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway between Yellowstone National Park and Grand Teton National Park

[edit]

Wildlife refuges and hatcheries


Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge National Elk Refuge Jackson National Fish Hatchery Saratoga National Fish Hatchery

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Panoramic view of the Teton Range looking w est from Jackson Hole, Grand Teton National Park.

Climate
Further information: Climate change in Wyoming Wyoming's climate is generally semi-arid and continental (Kppen climate classification BSk ), and is drier and windier in comparison to most of the United States with greater temperature extremes. Much of this is due to the topography of the state. Summers in Wyoming are warm with July high temperatures averaging between 85 F (29 C) and 95 F (35 C) in most of
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the state. With increasing elevation, however, this average drops rapidly with locations above 9,000 feet (2,700 m) averaging around 70 F (21 C). Summer nights throughout the state are characterized by a rapid cooldown with even the hottest locations averaging in the 5060 F (1016 C) range at night. In most of the state, most of the precipitation tends to fall in the late spring and early summer. Winters are cold, but are variable with periods of sometimes extreme cold interspersed between generally mild Wyoming state w elcome sign on periods, with Chinook winds providing unusually warm temperatures in Interstate 80 in Uinta County (at the Utah some locations. Wyoming is a dry state with much of the land receiving border). less than 10 inches (250 mm) of rainfall per year. Precipitation depends on elevation with lower areas in the Big Horn Basin averaging 58 inches (130 200 mm) (making the area nearly a true desert). The lower areas in the North and on the eastern plains typically average around 1012 inches (250300 mm), making the climate there semi-arid. Some mountain areas do receive a good amount of precipitation, 20 inches (510 mm) or more, much of it as snow, sometimes 200 inches (510 cm) or more annually. The states highest recorded temperature is 114 F (46 C) at Basin on July 12, 1900 and the lowest recorded temperature is 66 F (54 C) at Riverside on February 9, 1933. The number of thunderstorm days vary across the state with the southeastern plains of the state having the most days of thunderstorm activity. Thunderstorm activity in the state is highest during the late spring and early summer. The southeastern corner of the state is the most vulnerable part of the state to tornado activity. Moving away from that point and westwards, the incidence of tornadoes drops dramatically with the west part of the state showing little vulnerability. Tornadoes, where they occur, tend to be small and brief, unlike some of those that occur a little further east.

Casper climate: Average maximum and minimum temperatures, and average rainfall.
Month Average max. temperature F (C) Average min. temperature F (C) Average rainfall inches (mm)
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[hide] Year 58 (14) 31 (-1)

Jan 32 (0)

Feb 37 (3)

Mar 45 (7) 21 (6)

Apr 56 (13) 28 (2)

May 66 (19) 37 (3)

Jun 78 (26) 46 (8)

Jul 87 (31) 54 (12)

Aug 85 (29) 51 (11)

Sep 74 (23) 41 (5)

Oct 60 (16) 32 (0)

Nov 44 (7)

Dec 34 (1)

12 16 (11) (9)

21 14 (6) (10)

0.6 0.6 1.0 1.6 2.1 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 12.8 (15.2) (15.2) (25.4) (40.6) (53.3) (38.1) (33.0) (17.8) (22.9) (25.4) (20.3) (17.8) (325.1)
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Source:[9]

Jackson climate: Average maximum and minimum temperatures, and average rainfall. [hide]
Month Average max. temperature F (C) Average min. temperature F (C) Average rainfall inches (mm) Jan 24 (4) Feb 28 (2) Mar 37 (3) Apr 47 (8) May 58 (14) 30 (1) Jun 68 (20) 36 (2) Jul 78 (26) 41 (5) Aug 77 (25) 38 (3) Sep 67 (19) 31 (1) Oct 54 (12) Nov 37 (3) Dec 24 (4) Year 49 (9) 20 (-7)

-1 2 10 21 (18) (17) (12) (6)

22 14 0 (6) (10) (18)

2.6 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 2.3 2.5 21.4 (66.0) (48.3) (40.6) (35.6) (48.3) (45.7) (33.0) (33.0) (38.1) (33.0) (58.4) (63.5) (543.6)
Source:[10]

History
Main article: History of Wyoming

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Several American Indian groups originally inhabited the region now known as Wyoming. The Crow, Arapaho, Lakota, and Shoshone were but a few of the original inhabitants encountered when white explorers first entered the region. What is now southwestern Wyoming became a part of the Spanish Empire and later Mexican territory of Alta California, until it was ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican-American War. FrenchCanadian trappers from Qubec and Montral ventured into the state in the late 18th century, leaving French toponyms such as Tton, La Ramie, etc. John Colter, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, itself guided by French Canadian Toussaint Charbonneau and his young Shoshone wife, The first Fort Laramie as it looked prior to 1840. Painting from memory by Alfred Jacob Sacagawea, first described the region in 1807. At the time, his reports of Miller the Yellowstone area were considered to be fictional. Robert Stuart and a party of five men returning from Astoria discovered South Pass in 1812. The Oregon Trail later followed that route. In 1850, Jim Bridger located what is now known as Bridger Pass, which the Union Pacific Railroad used in 1868as did Interstate 80, in ninety years' time. Bridger also explored Yellowstone and
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filed reports on the region that, like those of Colter, were largely regarded as tall tales at the time. The region had acquired the name Wyoming by 1865, when Representative J. M. Ashley of Ohio introduced a bill to Congress to provide a "temporary government for the territory of Wyoming". The name Wyoming derives from the Munsee name xw:wamnk , meaning "at the big river flat", but it was also named after the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, made famous by the 1809 poem Gertrude of Wyoming by Thomas Campbell.[11][12] After the Union Pacific Railroad had reached the town of Cheyenne in 1867, the region's population began to grow steadily, and the federal government established the Wyoming Territory on July 25, 1868. [13] Unlike mineral-rich Colorado, Wyoming lacked significant deposits of gold and silver, as well as Colorado's subsequent population boom. However, South Pass City did experience a short-lived boom after the Carissa Mine began producing gold in 1867). [14] Furthermore, copper was mined in some areas between the Sierra Madre Mountains and the Snowy Range near Grand Encampment.[15] Once government-sponsored expeditions to the Yellowstone country began, reports by Colter and Bridger, previously believed to be apocryphal, were found to be true. This led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park, which became the world's first national park in 1872. Nearly all of Yellowstone National Park lies within the far northwestern borders of Wyoming. On December 10, 1869, territorial Gov. John Allen Campbell extended the right to vote to women, making Wyoming the first U.S. state to grant suffrage to women. In addition, Wyoming was also a pioneer in welcoming women into politics. Women first served on juries in Wyoming (Laramie in 1870); Wyoming had the first female court bailiff (Mary Atkinson, Laramie, in 1870); and the first female justice of the peace in the country (Esther Hobart Morris, South Pass City, in 1870). Also, in 1924, Wyoming became the first state to elect a female governor, Nellie Tayloe Ross, who took office in January 1925. (In fact, Wyoming and Texas both elected female governors at the same time, but Wyoming's took office a few days before Texas's.)[16] Due to its civil-rights history, Wyoming's state nickname is "The Equality State", and the official state motto is "Equal Rights". [17] Wyoming's constitution included women's suffrage and a pioneering article on water rights.[18] The United States admitted Wyoming into the Union as the 44th state on July 10, 1890. [17] Wyoming was the location of the Johnson County War of 1892, on which the controversial 1980 film Heaven's Gate was based, which erupted between competing groups of cattle ranchers. The passage of the federal Homestead Act led to an influx of small ranchers. A range war broke out when either or both of the groups chose violent conflict over commercial competition in the use of the public land. See: List of counties in Wyoming
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Demographics
Population
[edit]
Census 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Pop. 9,118

[edit] Historical populations


%

The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Wyoming was 568,158 on July 1, 2011, a 0.80% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[1] The center of population of Wyoming is located in Natrona County.[21] According to the 2010 Census, 90.7% of the population was White (85.9% nonHispanic white), 0.8% was Black or African American, 2.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 2.2% from two or more races. 8.9% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (they may be of any race). [22] As of 2005, Wyoming had an estimated population of 509,293, which was an increase of 3,407, or 0.7%, from the prior year and an increase of 15,512, or 3.1%, since the 2000 census. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 12,165 people (that is 33,704 births minus 21,539 deaths) and an increase from net migration of 4,035 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 2,264 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 1,771 people. In 2004, the foreign-born population was 11,000 (2.2%). In 2005, total births in Wyoming numbered 7,231 (Birth Rate of 14.04). [23] Sparsely populated, Wyoming is the least populous (total number of people) state of the United States, and has the second lowest population density, behind Alaska. It is the only state with a smaller population than the nation's capital, Washington, D.C.. Demographics of Wyoming (csv) By race 2000 (total population) 2000 (Hispanic only) 2005 (total population) 2005 (Hispanic only)
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20,789 128.0% 62,555 200.9% 92,531 145,965 194,402 225,565 250,742 290,529 330,066 332,416 469,557 453,588 493,782 563,626 47.9% 57.7% 33.2% 16.0% 11.2% 15.9% 13.6% 0.7% 41.3% 3.4% 8.9% 14.1% 0.8%

Est. 2011 568,159


Sources:[19][20]

White

Black

AIAN* 3.06% 0.32% 3.06% 0.27%

Asian 0.84% 0.06% 0.90% 0.05%

NHPI* 0.13% 0.02% 0.12% 0.01%


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96.19% 1.01% 6.05% 0.11% 96.01% 1.15% 6.38% 0.15%

Growth 200005 (total population)

2.95% 17.26%

3.16% 10.32% -3.47% Wyoming Population Density Map 4.95% 12.17% 0.18%

Growth 200005 (non-Hispanic only) 2.57% 14.20% Growth 200005 (Hispanic only)

8.66% 42.08% -12.31% -14.09% -28.40%

* AIAN is Americ an Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

The largest ancestry groups in Wyoming are: German (26.0%), English (16.0%), Irish (13.3%), American (6.5%), Norwegian (4.3%), and Swedish (3.5%). As of 2011, 24.9% of Wyoming's population younger than age 1 were minorities. [24]

Religion
The religious affiliations of the people of Wyoming are shown in the table below: Christian 79% Protestant 53% Lutheran 8% Baptist 8% Methodist 6% Presbyterian 4% Episcopal 4% Other Protestant or general Protestant 21% Catholic 16% LDS (Mormon) 11% Other Religions 1% Non-Religious 18%

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The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2000 were the Catholic Church with 80,421; the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 47,129 (in 2010 was 63,069); and the Wyoming Southern Baptist Convention with 17,101. [25]

Economy
According to the 2005 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis report,
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Wyomings gross state product was $27.4 billion. As of January 2010, the state's unemployment rate is 7.6%. [26] Components of Wyoming's economy differ significantly from those of other states. The mineral extraction industry and travel and tourism sector are the main drivers behind Wyomings economy. The federal government owns about 50% of its landmass, while 6% is controlled by the state. Total taxable values of mining production in Wyoming for 2001 was over $6.7 billion. The tourism industry accounts for over $2 billion in revenue for the state.

Electricity generating w ind farm in Uinta County.

In 2002, more than six million people visited Wyomings national parks and monuments. The key tourist attractions in Wyoming include Grand Teton National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Devils Tower National Monument, Independence Rock and Fossil Butte National Monument. Each year Yellowstone National Park, the world's first national park, receives three million visitors. Historically, agriculture has been an important component of Wyomings economy. Its overall importance to the performance of Wyomings economy has waned. However, agriculture is still an essential part of Wyomings culture and lifestyle. The main agricultural commodities produced in Wyoming include livestock (beef), hay, sugar beets, grain (wheat and barley), and wool. More than 91% of land in Wyoming is classified as rural.

Mineral production
Wyomings mineral commodities include coal, natural gas, coalbed methane, crude oil, uranium, and trona. Coal: Wyoming produced 395.5 million short tons (358.8 million metric tons) of coal in 2004. The state is the number one producer of coal in the U.S.[27] Wyoming possesses a reserve of 68.7 billion tons (62.3 billion metric tons) of coal. Major coal areas include the Powder River Basin and the Green River Basin Natural gas: Wyoming produced 2,254 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in 2007. The state ranked 2nd nationwide for natural gas production in 2007. [28] The major markets for natural gas include industrial, commercial, and domestic heating.
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A Wyoming coal mine

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Coal Bed Methane (CBM): The boom for CBM began in the mid-1990s. CBM is characterized as methane gas that is extracted from Wyomings coal bed seams. It is another means of natural gas production. There has been substantial CBM production in the Powder River Basin. In 2002, the CBM production yield was 327.5 billion cubic feet (9.3 km). Crude oil: Wyoming produced 53,400,000 barrels (8,490,000 m3) of crude oil in 2007. The state ranked 5th nationwide in oil production in 2007. [28] Petroleum is most often used as a motor fuel, but it is also utilized in the manufacture of plastics, paints, and synthetic rubber. Trona: Wyoming possesses the largest known reserve of trona in the world[29] Trona is used for manufacturing glass, paper, soaps, baking soda, water softeners, and pharmaceuticals. In 2008 Wyoming produced 46 million short tons (41.7 million metric tons) of trona, 25% of the world's production. [29]

A Drilling rig drills for natural gas just w est of the Wind River Range in the Wyoming Rockies

Diamonds: The Kelsey Lake Diamond Mine, located in Colorado less than 1,000 feet (300 m) from the Wyoming border, produced gem quality diamonds for several years. The Wyoming craton, which hosts the kimberlite volcanic pipes that were mined, underlies most of Wyoming. Uranium: Although uranium mining in Wyoming is much less active than it was in previous decades, recent increases in the price of uranium have generated new interest in uranium prospecting and mining.

Taxes

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Wyoming receives more federal tax dollars per capita in aid than any other state except Alaska. The federal aid per capita in Wyoming is more than double the U.S. average. [30] Unlike most other states, Wyoming does not levy an individual or corporate income tax. In addition, Wyoming does not assess any tax on retirement income earned and received from another state. Wyoming has a state sales tax of 4%. Counties have the option of collecting an additional 1% tax for general revenue and a 1% tax for specific purposes, if approved by voters. Food for human consumption is not subject to sales tax. [31] There also is a county lodging tax that varies from 2% to 5%. The state collects a use tax of 5% on items purchased elsewhere and brought into Wyoming. All property tax is based on the assessed value of the property and Wyoming's Department of Revenue's Ad Valorem Tax Division supports, trains, and guides local government agencies in the uniform assessment, valuation and taxation of locally assessed property. "Assessed value" means taxable value; "taxable value" means a percent of the fair market value of property in a particular class.
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Statutes limit property tax increases. For county revenue, the property tax rate cannot exceed 12 mills (or 1.2%) of assessed value. For cities and towns, the rate is limited to 8 mills (0.8%). With very few exceptions, state law limits the property tax rate for all governmental purposes. Personal property held for personal use is tax-exempt. Inventory if held for resale, pollution control equipment, cash, accounts receivable, stocks and bonds are also exempt. Other exemptions include property used for religious, educational, charitable, fraternal, benevolent and government purposes and improvements for handicapped access. Mine lands, underground mining equipment, and oil and gas extraction equipment are exempt from property tax but companies must pay a gross products tax on minerals and a severance tax on mineral production. [32] [33] Wyoming does not collect inheritance taxes. Because of the phase-out of the federal estate tax credit, Wyoming's estate tax is not imposed on estates of persons who died in 2005. There is limited estate tax related to federal estate tax collection. In 2008, the Tax Foundation ranked Wyoming as having the single most "business friendly" tax climate of all 50 states.[34] Wyoming state and local governments in fiscal year 2007 collected $2.242 billion in taxes, levies, and royalties from the oil and gas industry. The state's mineral industry, including oil, gas, trona, and coal provided $1.3 billion in property taxes from 2006 mineral production. [28]

Transportation

[edit] The largest airport in Wyoming is Jackson Hole Airport, with over 500 employees. [35] Three interstate highways and thirteen U.S. highways pass through Wyoming. In addition, the state is served by the Wyoming state highway system. Interstate 25 enters the state south of Cheyenne and runs north, intersecting Interstate 80 in Cheyenne. It passes through Casper and ends at Interstate 90 near Buffalo. Interstate 80 crosses the Utah border west of Evanston and runs east through the southern half of the state, passing through Cheyenne before entering Nebraska near Pine Bluffs. Interstate 90 comes into Wyoming near Parkman and cuts through the northern part of the state. It serves Gillette and enters South Dakota east of Sundance.

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Map of Wyoming - PDF

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Map of Wyoming - PDF

The U.S. highways that pass through the state are U.S. Highways 14, 16, 18, 20, 26, 30, 85, 87, 89, 189, 191, 212,

and 287. See also: List of Wyoming railroads, List of airports in Wyoming, State highways in Wyoming. Wyoming is one of only two states (the other being South Dakota) in the 48 contiguous states not served by Amtrak.

Wind River Indian Reservation


Main article: Wind River Indian Reservation

[edit]

The Wind River Indian Reservation is shared by the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho tribes of Native Americans in the central western portion of the state near Lander. The reservation is home to 2,500 Eastern Shoshone and 5,000 Northern Arapaho. [36] Chief Washakie established the reservation in 1868[37] as the result of negotiations with the federal government in the Fort Bridger Treaty.[38] However, the Northern Arapaho were forced onto the Shoshone reservation in 1876 by the federal government after the government failed to provide a promised separate reservation. [38] Today the Wind River Indian Reservation is jointly owned, with each tribe having a 50% interest in the land, water, and other natural resources. [39] The reservation is a sovereign, self-governed land with two independent governing bodies: the Eastern Shoshone Tribal Government and the Northern Arapaho Tribal Government. The Eastern Shoshone Business Council meets jointly with the Northern Arapaho Business Council as the Joint Business Council to decide matters that affect both tribes.[37] Six elected council members from each tribe serve on the joint council.

State law and government


The Wyoming state legislature comprises a House of Representatives with 60 members and a Senate with 30 members. The executive branch is headed by the governor and includes a secretary of state, auditor, treasurer and superintendent of public instruction. Wyoming does not have a lieutenant governor. Instead the secretary of state stands first in the line of succession.

[edit]

Wyoming's Constitution established three branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Wyoming's sparse population warrants it only a single at-large seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, and hence
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only three votes in the Electoral College. Its low population renders Wyoming voters effectively more powerful in presidential elections than those in more populous states. For example, while Montana had a 2010 census population of 989,415 to Wyoming's 563,626, they both have the same number of electoral votes. Wyoming is an alcoholic beverage control state.

Judicial system

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Wyoming's highest court is the Supreme Court of Wyoming, with five justices presiding over appeals from the state's lower courts. Wyoming is unusual in that it does not have an intermediate appellate court, like most states. This is largely attributable to the state's size and correspondingly lower caseload. Appeals from the state district courts go directly to the Wyoming Supreme Court. Wyoming also has state circuit courts (formerly county courts), of limited jurisdiction, which handle certain types of cases, such as civil claims with lower dollar amounts, misdemeanor criminal offenses, and felony arraignments. Circuit court judges also commonly hear small claims cases as well. All state court judges in Wyoming are nominated by the Judicial Nominating Commission and appointed by the Governor. They are then subject to a retention vote by the electorate.

Politics
Wyoming's political history defies easy classification. The state was the first to grant women the right to vote and to elect a woman governor. [41] On December 10, 1869, John Allen Campbell, the first Governor of the Wyoming Territory, approved the first law in United States history explicitly granting women the right to vote. This day was later commemorated as Wyoming Day.[42] On November 5, 1889, voters approved the first constitution in the world granting full voting rights to women, [43] and in 1924, Wyoming voters elected Nellie Tayloe Ross as the first woman governor in the United States.[44] While the state elected notable Democrats to federal office in the 1960s and 1970s, politics have become decidedly more conservative since the 1980s as the Republican party came to dominate the state's congressional delegation. Today, Wyoming is represented in Washington by its two Senators, Mike Enzi and John Barrasso, and its one member
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Presidential elections results[40] Year Republicans Democrats

2008 64.78% 164,958 32.54% 82,868 2004 68.86% 167,629 29.07% 70,776 2000 67.76% 147,947 27.70% 60,481 1996 49.81% 105,388 36.84% 77,934 1992 39.70% 79,347 34.10% 68,160 1988 60.53% 106,867 38.01% 67,113 1984 70.51% 133,241 28.24% 53,370 1980 62.64% 110,700 27.97% 49,427 1976 59.30% 92,717 39.81% 62,239 1972 69.01% 100,464 30.47% 44,358

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of the House of Representatives, Congresswoman Cynthia Lummis. All 1968 55.76% 70,927 35.51% 45,173 three are Republicans. The state has not voted for a Democrat for 1964 43.44% 61,998 56.56% 80,718 president since 1964, one of only five times since statehood. At present, there are only two relatively reliably Democratic counties: affluent Teton 1960 55.01% 77,451 44.99% 63,331 and college county Albany. In the 2004 presidential election, George W. Bush won his second-largest victory, with 69% of the vote. Former Vice President Dick Cheney is a Wyoming resident and represented the state in Congress from 1979 to 1989. Republicans are no less dominant at the state level. They have held a majority in the state senate continuously since 1936 and in the state house since 1964. However, Democrats have held the governorship for all but eight years between 1975 and 2011. Uniquely, Wyoming elected Democrat Nellie Tayloe Ross as the first woman in U.S. history to serve as state governor. She served from 1925 to 1927 after winning a special election after her husband, governor at the time, unexpectedly died. [45] Further information: Political party strength in Wyoming

1972 69.01% 100,464 30.47% 44,358

Counties
The state of Wyoming has 23 counties.

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An enlargeable map of the 23 counties of Wyoming.

The 23 counties of the state of Wyoming[46]


Rank 1
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County Laramie

Population Rank 92,680 13

County Converse

Population 13,755
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Natrona Campbell Sweetwater Fremont Albany Sheridan Park Teton Uinta Lincoln Carbon

76,366 46,618 44,175 40,579 36,889 29,239 28,592 21,548 20,985 18,071 15,786

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Goshen Big Horn Sublette Platte Johnson Washakie Crook Weston Hot Springs Niobrara

13,536 11,759 10,146 8,796 8,642 8,487 7,111 7,108 4,799 2,491 568,158

Wyoming Total

Wyoming license plates contain a number on the left that indicates the county where the vehicle is registered, ranked by an earlier census. [20] The county license plate numbers are as follows: License Plate Prefix 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 License Plate Prefix 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 License Plate County Prefix 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Campbell Crook Uinta Washakie Weston Teton Sublette

County Natrona Laramie Sheridan Sweetwater Albany Carbon Goshen Platte

County Big Horn Fremont Park Lincoln Converse Niobrara Hot Springs Johnson

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Cities and towns


The State of Wyoming has 98 incorporated municipalities. The 20 Most Populous Wyoming Cities and Towns[47] Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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City City of Cheyenne City of Casper City of Laramie City of Gillette

County Laramie Natrona Albany Campbell

Population 59,466 55,316 30,816 29,087 20,905 17,461 12,149 11,781 10,032 9,806 9,309 8,740 7,264 5,971 5,524 5,514 4,958 4,832 3,390 3,298
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City of Casper, Wyoming

City of Rock Springs Sweetwater City of Sheridan City of Green River City of Evanston City of Riverton Town of Jackson City of Cody City of Rawlins City of Lander City of Douglas City of Powell City of Torrington City of Worland City of Buffalo Town of Newcastle Town of Wheatland Sheridan Sweetwater Uinta Fremont Teton Park Carbon Fremont Converse Park Goshen Washakie Johnson Weston Platte

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In 2005, 50.6% of Wyomingites lived in one of the 13 most populous Wyoming municipalities.

Metropolitan areas

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The United States Census Bureau has defined two Metropolitan Statistical Areas and seven Micropolitan Statistical Areas for the State of Wyoming. U.S. Census Bureau Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas of Wyoming[48] Census Area Cheyenne, WY, Metropolitan Statistical Area Casper, WY, Metropolitan Statistical Area Gillette, WY, Micropolitan Statistical Area County Laramie County, Wyoming Natrona County, Wyoming Campbell County, Wyoming Population 91,738 75,450 46,133 43,806 40,123 36,299 21,294 8,833 Total Sheridan, WY, Micropolitan Statistical Area Evanston, WY, Micropolitan Statistical Area Sheridan County, Wyoming Uinta County, Wyoming 30,127 29,116 21,118

Rock Springs, WY, Micropolitan Statistical Area Sweetwater County, Wyoming Riverton, WY, Micropolitan Statistical Area Laramie, WY, Micropolitan Statistical Area Fremont County, Wyoming Albany County, Wyoming Teton County, Wyoming Jackson, WY-ID, Micropolitan Statistical Area Teton County, Idaho

In 2008, 30.4% of Wyomingites lived in either of the Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and 73% lived in either a Metropolitan Statistical Area or a Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Education
Main article: List of high schools in Wyoming

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Public education is directed by the state superintendent of public instruction, an elected state official. Educational policies are set by the State Board of Education, a nine-member board appointed by the governor. The constitution
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prohibits the state from establishing curriculum and text book selections; these are the prerogatives of local school boards. The Wyoming School for the Deaf was the only in-state school dedicated to supporting deaf students in Wyoming, but it closed in summer of 2000.

Higher education
Main article: List of colleges and universities in Wyoming

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Wyoming has one public four-year institution, the University of Wyoming in Laramie. In addition, there are seven twoyear community colleges spread through the state. Before the passing of a new law in 2006, Wyoming had hosted unaccredited institutions, many of them suspected diploma mills.[49] The 2006 law is forcing unaccredited institutions to make one of three choices: move out of Wyoming, close down, or apply for accreditation. The Oregon State Office of Degree Authorization predicts that in a few years the problem of diploma mills in Wyoming might be resolved. [50]

Sports
Wyoming Cavalry, American Indoor Football Association

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University of Wyoming, football, basketball, Swimming , diving, soccer, golf, wrestling, tennis, volleyball, track and field

Miscellaneous information
USS Wyoming was named in honor of this state. Wyoming was chosen as the official state for the Free State Wyoming project; a splinter of the Free State Project. The purpose of the project is to relocate Libertarians to a single state, making it possible to live a "free life". In 2008, The first American State Litter Scorecard rated Wyoming a nationally "Best" state for statewide litter/debris eradication from public properties/spaces. The book and film Brokeback Mountain is set in the State of Wyoming, but filming largely occurred in Alberta, Canada. Rooster Teeth's web series Red Vs Blue created a freelancer character
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State flow er of Wyoming: Indian Paintbrush

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bearing the state name.

State symbols
State bird: Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) State coin: Sacagawea dollar State dinosaur: Triceratops State emblem: Bucking Horse and Rider State fish: Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) State flag: Flag of the State of Wyoming State flower: Wyoming Indian paintbrush (Castilleja linariifolia) State fossil: Knightia State gemstone: Wyoming nephrite jade State grass: Western Wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) State mammal: American Bison (Bison bison) State motto: Equal Rights State nicknames: Equality State; Cowboy State; Big Wonderful Wyoming State reptile: Horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre) State seal: Great Seal of the State of Wyoming State soil: Forkwood (unofficial)

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An advertisement promoting Wyoming tourism in Chicago during the January 31 February 2, 2011 North American w inter storm

State song: Wyoming (song) by Charles E. Winter & George E. Knapp State sport: Rodeo State tree: Plains Cottonwood (Populus sargentii)

Wyomingites
John Perry Barlow John Barrasso Eli Bebout Charles Belden Tom Bell James Bridger
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The Bear River flow ing through the southw est part of the state.

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Harriet Elizabeth Byrd Cale Case Dick Cheney Lynne Cheney William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody Barbara Cubin Lance Deal Mike Enzi Matthew Fox Dave Freudenthal John Frullo Rulon Gardner Jim Geringer Mark Gordon Curt Gowdy Charles G. Hall Clifford Hansen William Henry Harrison Stanley K. Hathaway Harold Hellbaum Edgar Herschler Tom Horn Ray Hunkins Craig Johnson Ralph S. Johnson Richard R. "Dick" Jones Mike Leach Chris LeDoux Cynthia Lummis Randall Luthi
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Though the horned lizard is the Wyoming state reptile, a sign northw est of Thermopolis acknow ledges the presence of prairie rattlesnakes, "feared by many and respected by most".

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Nate Marquardt Max Maxfield Leonard McEwan Gale W. McGee Mary Mead Matt Mead Joseph B. Meyer Ron Micheli Lori Millin Esther Hobart Morris Warren A. Morton Bob Nicholas Phil Nicholas John C. Ostlund Gordon L. Park Bryan Pedersen James Cash Penney Jackson Pollock Wayde Preston Annie Proulx Charles E. Richardson Nellie Tayloe Ross William B. Ross George R. Salisbury, Jr. Robert Schliske Joseph Selby Bryan Sharratt Matthew Shepard Larry D. Shippy Alan K. Simpson
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Colin M. Simpson Milward Simpson Pete Simpson Mike Sullivan Craig Thomas Richard V. Thomas Elton Trowbridge Thomas E. Trowbridge Malcolm Wallop Tom Walsh Alvin Wiederspahn Larry Wilcox [51]

See also
Outline of Wyoming Index of Wyoming-related articles Yellowstone Park bison herd

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Wyoming portal

References

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1. ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2011. 2. ^ "Gannett Peak Cairn" 3. ^ a b "Elevations 2011. 4. ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988. 5. ^ Willam J. Gribb; Lawrence M. Ostrech. Databases and Algorithms to Determine the Boundary of Wyoming University of Wyoming, Department of Geography. Retrieved December 14, 2008. 6. ^ Ivars Peterson. "Rectangular States and Kinky Borders" 8. ^ a b MainEnvironment.org . Retrieved December 14, 2008. 7. ^ http://www.javascripter.net/math/calculators/distancecalculator.htm Public Land Ownership by State, 1995 Main Environment.org . . NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved October 24, 2011. . United States Geological Survey. 2001. Retrieved October 24, and Distances in the United States"

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9. ^ "CountryStudies.us" . CountryStudies.us. Retrieved July 31, 2010. 10. ^ "Countrystudies.us" . Countrystudies.us. Retrieved July 31, 2010. 11. ^ Bright, William (2004). Native American Place Names of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pg. 576 12. ^ State of Wyoming Narrative
[dead link]

13. ^ State of Wyoming General Facts About Wyoming [dead link] 14. ^ "South Pass City Historic Site." . Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails 15. ^ Mines Register: Successor to the Mines Handbook and the Copper Handbook, Describing the Non-ferrous Metal Mining Companies in the Western Hemisphere . 1911. Mines Publication, 1911. Original from the University of Michigan. 16. ^ Larson, T. A. (1990). History of Wyoming. University of Nebraska Press. 17. ^ a b "General Facts about Wyoming" , wyoming.gov, Retrieved on July 2, 2008. 18. ^ Sodaro, Craig; Adams, Randy (1996). Frontier Spirit: The Story of Wyoming. Johnson Books. pp. 136139. ISBN 155566-163-7. 19. ^ http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php 20. ^ a b "Historical decennial census population for Wyoming counties, cities, and towns" Wyoming. Retrieved September 24, 2012. 21. ^ "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000" 22. ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/56000.html 23. ^ "Hispanics fastest growing ethnic group in Wyoming" . U.S. Census, State of

. U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. Retrieved May 7, 2008. . Billings Gazette via AP. May 21, 2007. Retrieved May 7, 2008. .

24. ^ Exner, Rich (June 3, 2012). "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot" The Plain Dealer. 25. ^ "TheArda.com" . TheArda.com. Retrieved November 5, 2010. 26. ^ Bls.gov ; Local Area Unemployment Statistics 27. ^ "EIA State Energy Profiles: Wyoming" . June 12, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008. 28. ^ a b c "Petroleum Association of Wyoming" 29. ^
ab

. . Casper Star Tribune.[dead link]

Gearino, Jeff (February 16, 2009). "Soda ash companies enjoy record year"

30. ^ https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/fas-10.pdf 31. ^ Votes back repeal of food tax , Billings Gazette, March 3, 2006 32. ^ "Getting the Story Right; Mineral Taxation in Wyoming and West Virginia" Policy Blog. Retrieved November 10, 2012. 33. ^ Wyoming Statutes Section 39-13-103 34. ^ "The Tax Foundation Tax Research Areas Wyoming" 35. ^ "Terminal Expansion" . . West Virginia Center on Budget and

. Taxfoundation.org. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

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36. ^ "Wind River Country: Wind River Indian Reservation." 37. ^ 38.
ab

Background of Wind River Reservation Rez" .

[dead link]

^ a b "Chiefe: The

. PBS. Independent Lens . US Election Atlas. Retrieved January

39. ^ "Background: Northern Arapaho Tribe."

40. ^ Leip, David. "Presidential General Election Results Comparison New York" 10, 2010. 41. ^ "Today in History" . The Library of Congress. Retrieved July 20, 2012. 42. ^ "Today in History" 43. ^ "Today in History" 44. ^ "Today in History" . The Library of Congress. Retrieved July 20, 2012. . The Library of Congress. Retrieved July 27, 2012. . The Library of Congress. Retrieved July 27, 2012.

45. ^ Teva J. Scheer (2005). Governor lady: the life and times of Nellie Tayloe Ross. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. p. 73. ISBN 0-8262-1626-9. 46. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties of Wyoming: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. April 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012. 47. ^ "Table 4: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places in Wyoming, Listed Alphabetically: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008" (CSV). 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. June 20, 2006. Retrieved January 9, 2007. 48. ^ "Census.gov: Population Estimates and Estimated Components of Change for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Their Geographic Components: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008" (CSV). 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. August 18, 2006. Retrieved January 9, 2007.[dead link] 49. ^ Alleged "diploma mills" flocking to Wyoming , by Mead Gruver, Seattle Times, February 9, 2005 50. ^ Unaccredited Colleges , Potential problems with degree suppliers located in these states Wyoming, Oregon State Office of Degree Authorization 51. ^ World Almanac & Book of Facts, Reader's Digest Publishing, 2008

External links
State of Wyoming government official website Official Wyoming State Travel Website Forever West Wyoming at the Open Directory Project at OpenStreetMap Geographic data related to Wyoming

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Find more about Wyom ing at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions and translations from Wiktionary Media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity

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Wyoming: Outline Index

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Categories: Wyoming States and territories established in 1890 States of the United States

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