Chemistry SBA7 Report 1.

Objective To determine the order of reaction with respect to iodine in the reaction between iodine and propanone by titrimetric method. 2. Theory The experiment is about the reaction between iodine and propanone in acidic medium: CH3COCH3 (aq) + I2 (aq) CH3COCH2I (aq) + H+ (aq) + I (aq) If the relations between [I2 (aq)] and time can be found and a graph of [I2 (aq)] against time is plotted, the order of reaction with respect to iodine may be determined. If the graph shows iodine has a constant half-life, that is the [I2 (aq)] decreases to half in a constant time interval, then this shows it is first order with respect to iodine. The concentration of iodine decreases with time, in order to find out how it decreases with time, titrimetric method is used to see how much sodium thiosulphate is needed to react with all the iodine. Portions of the reaction mixture are collected over time, and they are quenched by removing the hydrogen ions that catalyse the reaction between propanone and iodine because the reaction between them is extremely slow without hydrogen ions. 3. Chemical Apparatus Chemicals 100cm 0.01M sodium thiosulphate solution 25 cm3 1.0M sulphuric acid 25 cm3 1.0M propanone 50 cm3 0.02M iodine solution 100 cm3 0.5M sodium hydrogencarbonate solution 5 cm3 starch solution
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Apparatus 250.0 cm3 beaker 250.0 cm3 conical flask burrette pipette and pipette filler measuring cylinders white tile stopwatch

4. Precautions 1. Handle acid with care. In case any acid gets into your eyes or onto your skin, report to your teacher immediately, and wash the affected area under running water for at least 3 minutes. 2. Propanone is flammable.

3. Eye protection must be worn. 5. Procedures 1. 25 cm3 of 1.0M propanone was pipetted into a conical flask. 2. 25 cm3 of 1.0M sulphuric acid largely in excess was pipetted to the conical flask containing the propanone solution in step 1. 3. 50 cm3 of 0.02M iodine solution was pipetted to a beaker. 4. 10 cm3 of 0.5M sodium hydrogencarbonate solution was added to another conical flask using measuring cylinder. 5. The iodine solution was poured to the mixture of propanone and sulphuric acid as quickly as possible and at the same time the stopwatch was started. 6. After 5 minutes, 10 cm3 of the reaction mixture was transferred using a 10 cm3 pipette to the conical flask containing sodium hydrogencarbonate solution 7. The mixture was titrated with dilute sodium thiosulphate solution until the colour of the iodine had almost gone as indicated by a pale yellow colour. 8. 5 drops of starch solution was added and the titration was continued until the dark blue colour was disappeared. 9. The results were recorded in a table. 10. After 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes, 10 cm3 portions of the reaction mixture were withdrawn from the conical flask and steps 4, 6 to 8 were repeated for each portion. 6. Results Observations: When the reaction mixture was transferred to flask with sodium hydrogencarbonate, colourless gas bubbles evolved. When sodium thiosulphate was added into the reaction mixture, the brown colour of the mixture faded off gradually. When the mixture turned to pale yellow, starch solution was added. The mixture immediately turned from pale yellow to dark-blue. When more sodium thiosulphate was added, the mixture turned from dark-blue to colourless and this is the end-point of the whole titration.

Results Table: Time when reaction mixture was added to sodium hydrogencarbonate (min) Final burette reading (cm3 ) Initial burette reading (cm3 ) Volume of sodium thiosulphate used (cm3 ) 7. Discussion 1. I2(aq) + 2Na2S2O3(aq) Na2S4O6(aq) + 2NaI(aq) 2. Sodium hydrogencarbonate is used to remove the hydrogen ions: HCO3(aq) + H+ (aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g) This removes the hydrogen ions that are catalyst of reaction between iodine and propanone and the reaction will become very slow without the catalyst. This is for quenching of the collected portions of reaction mixture so that the change in concentration of iodine during titration will be due to the sodium thiosulphate but not the propanone. 3. From the equation, [I2(aq)]=( no. of moles of I2(aq))/(total volume of mixture) = 0.5(no. of moles of Na2S2O3(aq))/(total volume of mixture) = 0.5[Na2S2O3(aq)](volume of Na2S2O3(aq) added)/(total volume of mixture) = C(volume of Na2S2O3(aq) added) where C is a constant Therefore the concentration of iodine can be expressed in terms of the volume of sodium thiosulphate added. 5 (6.7) 10 (11.4) 15 (16.2) 20 (19.5) 25 (26.0) 30 (29.5)

17.2 0.2

17.4 1.5

32.0 17.4

46.1 32.0

14.2 2.0

25.7 14.2

17.0

15.9

14.6

14.1

12.2

11.5

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5. A straight line with slope not equal to 0 was plotted, there was no half-life. It also tells that the reaction has a constant rate of decrease in concentration of iodine which means the rate is unchanged when the concentration of iodine is changed so it is 0th order with respect to iodine. 6. Since it is 0th order with respect to iodine, the step iodine takes part in is between the intermediate and iodine that is so fast that iodine does not determine the rate. Therefore iodine does not take part in the rate determining step of the reaction between iodine and propanone. 7. In each group, take the initial rate of the reaction. Since the total volumes of mixtures of propanone and distilled water in each group are the same, [propanone] will be directly proportional to the volume of propanone added. Plot a graph of log(initial rate) against (1+log(volume of propanone added)) of different groups. rate=k[propanone]x rate=k(k(volume of propanone added)) x rate=k((1)(volume of propanone added)/(total initial volume of reaction mixture)) x rate=k((volume of propanone added)/(0.1)) x log(initial rate)= logk+ xlog((10)(volume of propanone added)) log(initial rate)= logk+ x(1+log(volume of propanone added)) x= slope of graph = order of reaction w.r.t. propanone. 8. Possible errors: - After adding iodine to mixture of propanone solution and sulphuric acid( step 5), there is reaction time difference between that moment and the moment to press the stopwatch. This leads to errors in time measurement. - The duration of pouring the reaction mixture into sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (step 6) will take more than 5 minutes from the beginning that leads to errors time measurement - The 10 cm3 sodium hydrogencarbonate solution used to quench each portion was measured using measuring cylinder which is inaccurate. This leads to slight differences in the extent of quenching in each portion that leads to errors. - The determination of the disappearance of the blue-black colour was made by human sensations, that leads to many errors.

9. Further improvement: -