ACID RAIN

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS

INTRODUCTION
HOW ACID RAIN WORKS ? THE pH OF ACID RAIN THE EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN THE METHODS TO STOP ACID RAIN

HOW ACID RAIN WORKS ?

Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water vapor in the atmosphere to create sulfuric and nitric acids.

ACID RAIN IS ALSO KNOWN AS ACID DEPOSITION IS CAUSED BY THE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES(NOx) AND SULPHUR DIOXIDE(SO2) FROM POWER PLANTS,CARS AND FACTORIES.

DAMAGE FROM ACID RAIN IS WIDE SPREAD IN NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE,JAPAN,CHINA AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

ACID RAIN MECHANISM

ACID RAIN

SAMPLE OF ACID RAIN

THE pH OF ACID RAIN

pH SCALE
THE pH SCALE IS A MEASURE OF ACIDITY AND ALKANITY ACID RAIN HAS A pH OF 5.0 OR LESS MOST ACID DEPOSITION RANGES FROM pH 4.3 TO 5.0

THE EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN

1. ACID RAIN DISSOLVES AND WASHES AWAY NUTRINTS IN THE SOIL WHICH ARE NEEDED BY PLANTS

2.ACID RAIN INDIRECTLY AFFECTS PLANTS BY REMOVING NUTRIENTS FROM THE SOIL IN WHICH THEY GROW.IT AFFECTS TREES MORE DIRECTLY BY CREATING HOLES IN THE WAXY COATING OF LEAVES,CAUSING BROWN DEAD SPOTS WHICH AFFECT THE PLANTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Acid rain can be very damaging to trees a

THE BRANCH ON THE LEFT HAS BEEN AFFECTED BY ACID RAIN.IT LOOKS MUCH DIFFERENT THAH THE BRANCH ON THT RIGHT.

Photographer: Detlev Voss | Agency: Dreamstime.com

Acid deposition weakens trees and pollutes surface waters.

THE TREES KILLED BY ACID RAIN

Trees killed by acid rain in the Great Smoky Mountains.

3.ACID RAIN THAT FALLS OR FLOWS AS GROUND WATER TO REACH RIVERS,LAKES ANDWETLAND,CAUSES THE WATER IN THEM TO BECOME ACIDIC.

4.ACID RAIN ALSO HAS FAR REACHING EFFECTS ON WILD LIFE.BY,ADVERSELY AFFECTING ONE SPECIES,THE ENTIRE FOOD CHAIN IS DISRUPTED,ULTIMATELY ENDANGERING THE ENTIRE ECOSYSTEM.

5.ACID RAIN AND DRY ACID DEPOSITION DAMAGES BUILDINGS ,AUTOMOBILES AND OTHER STRUCTURE MADE OF STONE OR METAL.THE ACID RAIN CORRODES THE MATERIALS CAUSING EXTENSIVE DAMAGE AND RUINS HISTORIC BUILDINS.

Photographer: Michael Drager | Agency: Dreamstime.com

Acid rain can eat through stone and metal. It has accelerated the natural weathering process of this scarred stone angel's face.

Acid rain can erode structures such as buildings, even if they are made out of stone.

ACID RAIN JESUS

ACID RAIN AND TAJ MAHAL

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THE TAJ MAHAL IS LOSING ITS FINE LUSTER AND TURNING A SICKLY PALE SHADE.SCIENTISTS BLAME POLLUTION FROM LOCAL FOUDARIES AND A NEARBY OIL REFINERY

6.ACID,ALONG WITH OTHER CHEMICALS IN THE AIR, PRODUCES URBAN SMOG, WHICH CAUSES RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS.

THE METHODS TO STOP ACID RAIN

1.USING LESS ENERGY FROM FOSSIL FUELS 2.SWITCHING TO CLEANER BURNING FUELS 3.DEVOLOPING MORE EFFICIENT VEHICLES

4.USE SCRUBBERS IN THE SMOKESTACKS OF FACTORIES

Photographer: Czbrat | Agency: Dreamstime.com

Power plants must limit emissions of SO2 and NOx to meet targets set by the Acid Rain Program.

5.USE CATALYTIC CONVERTERS IN CARS TO REDUCE THE EXHAUST FUMES ON THE ATMOSPHERE 6.ONCE ACID RAIN HAS EFFECED SOIL,POWDERED LIMESTONE CAN BE ADDED TO THE SOIL BY A PROCESS KNOWN AS LIMING TO NEUTRALIZE THE ACIDITY OF THE SOIL

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