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Brian Yu Per 1 Chapter #13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy Big Picture Themes 1.

. Andrew Jackson felt hed been robbed the presidency in 1824. This motivated the regular folks to political action. He vowed to win for the peoples sake, and did so. 2. A conflict started to brew between the north and the south. The issue was the tariff (import tax) and whether the south had the right to nullify or wipe it out. The trouble was worked out, but it foreshadowed bigger trouble to come, over slavery. 3. Jackson distrusted bankshe thought they were tools for the rich to milk money off the poor. He killed the National Bank and threw the whole banking system into chaos. 4. By the time William Henry Harrison ran for president in 1840, popular, mass politics had grown into the circus-like monster that its known as today. IDENTIFICATIONS: American System The American System, was an economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century. This created a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other internal improvements to develop profitable markets for agriculture." Corrupt Bargain In the 1824 election, no outright majority was attained and the process required resolution in the House of Representatives, whose Speaker and candidate in his own right, Henry Clay, gave his support to John Quincy Adams, and was then selected to be his Secretary of State. Tariff of Abominations The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy. Nullification Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional.

Force Bill The Force Bill was initially enacted on March 2, 1833 to authorize U.S. President Andrew Jackson's use of whatever force necessary to enforce Federal tariffs. Five Civilized Tribes

Brian Yu Per 1 The Five Civilized Tribes were the five Native American nationsthe Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminolethat were considered civilized by AngloEuropean settlers during the colonial and early federal period because they adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations with their neighbors. Trail of Tears The Trail of Tears is a name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Nicholas Biddle Nicholas Biddle was an American financier who served as the president of the Second Bank of the United States. Democrats vs. Whigs The democrats were the party led by Andrew Jackson and a branch of the Democratic Reublican party and the Whigs were a group of anti-Jacksonites. South Carolina Exposition and Protest The document was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations. The document stated that if the tariff was not repealed, South Carolina would secede. It stated also Calhoun's Doctrine of nullification, i.e., the idea that a state has the right to reject federal law, first introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in their Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States (18371841). Before his presidency, he was the Vice President and the tenth Secretary of State, both under Andrew Jackson. Specie Circular The Specie Circular was an executive order issued by U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by succeeding President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold. Hayne-Webster Debate The WebsterHayne debate was a famous debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 1927, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs. The Alamo The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. All of the Texian defenders were killed. Santa Anna's perceived cruelty during the battle inspired many Texiansboth Texas settlers and adventurers from the United Statesto join the Texian Army.

Brian Yu Per 1 GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: The "Corrupt Bargain or 1824 Know: Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, King Caucus, Corrupt Bargain 1. What was unusual about John Quincy Adams's victory in the presidential election of 1824? John Quincy Adams victory was not a complete victory because he did not win the majority of the electoral vote and only won after Henry Clay threw his support behind Adams. A Yankee Misfit in the White House Know: John Quincy Adams 2. Was John Quincy Adams well suited to be president? Explain. No he was not suited to be president because he started with a corrupt bargain, was irritable, sarcastic and tactless, he was also he went against most of American peoples views and was a very unpopular president. Going "Whole Hog" for Jackson in 1828 Know: Old Hickory, Mudslinging, Rachel Robards 3. Describe the tone and tactics used in the 1828 election. The tone and tactics used in the 1828 election was very vulgar. The presidents did not run by ability or skill but rather discrediting the other through mudslinging. Old Hickory as President Know: Inaugural Brawl, King Mob 4. What was there about Andrew Jackson which made him a man of the people? Jackson was a man of the people since he was born a poor man who was orphaned at a young age and worked his way up to success. He was a farmer unlike the previous presidents and did not have a college education. The Spoils System Know: Spoils System, Rotation in Office 5. Defend Andrew Jackson's use of the Spoils System. Andrew Jacksons use of the Spoils System was valid since he would have no opposition in the presidency and wanted to show that any person, even a commoner can have an official position in the government. The Tricky Tariff of Abominations Know: Tariff of Abominations (of 1828), Denmark Vesey 6. What circumstances led to the passage of the Tariff of Abominations? Jackson needed support from the rich so he put in a tariff that he expected to fail. However the tariff passed so it brought problems. "Nullies" in South Carolina Know: Nullies, Henry Clay, Tariff of 1833, Force Bill 5. Describe the nullification crisis.

Brian Yu Per 1 The nullification crisis was when South Carolina threatened to secede from the union because they did not want to follow the tariff of abominations. The Trail of Tears Know: Cherokees, Five Civilized Tribes, Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears, Indian Territory, The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Seminoles 8. What was particularly unfair about the treatment of the Cherokee Tribe? What was particularly unfair about the treatment of the Cherokee was that they had multiple treaties confirming their rights from the US and even tried to absorb white civilization. Then the Americans broke all treaties and forced them off their land. The Bank War Know: Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle 9. Do you agree or disagree with Nicholas Biddles nickname, Czar Nicholas I? Explain. Yes his nickname Czar Nicholas I is valid since he held immense power and even some unconstitutional power. Plus, profit came before public service. "Old Hickory" Wallops Clay in 1832 Know: Anti-Masonic Party 10. What two things were unique about the election of 1832? The unique thing about the election of 1832 was that a third political party, the AntiMasonic Party, entered the Election. Burying Biddles Bank Know: Mandate, Pet Banks, Specie Circular 11. "Andrew Jackson's killing of the BUS forced him to issue the Specie Circular." Assess. When Andrew Jackson killed the BUS, there was no dominant currency that was supported by a good bank, so the paper money printed by the wildcat banks were worthless and Specie Circular was the only way to get money. The Birth of the Whigs Know: Democrats, Whigs 12. What is so alluring about being associated with the common man? Being associated with the common man drew support from the masses and would win the popular vote, which may sway the electoral vote. The Election of 1836 Know: Favorite Son, William Henry Harrison, Martin Van Buren 13. Describe the development of the second party system from 1828-1836. The Whigs had a hard time getting themselves together and struggled to find a proper candidate for presidential office. Big Woes for the "Little Magician" Know: Martin Van Buren 14. Why was Martin Van Buren unpopular?

Brian Yu Per 1 There was a myth that of mediocrity about him and he inherited Jacksons position

Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury Know: Panic of 1837, Speculation, Divorce Bill, Independent Treasury 15. What caused the Panic of 1837, and what was done by the president to try and end it? The Panic of 1837 was caused by over speculation, failures in foreign banks, the Bank War, and Specie Circular. Gone to Texas Know: Stephen Austin, Davy Crockett 16. What made Texas so appealing to Americans? Texas was so appealing because there was plenty of land and the Texans did not enjoy the rule of the Mexicans. Plus, a large number of settlers in Texas were Americans. The Lone Star Rebellion Know: Sam Houston, Santa Anna, Alamo, W. B. Travis, Goliad, Lone Star Republic, San Jacinto 17. How did Texas, a part of Mexico settled by Americans, become independent of both? They had a rebellion against the Mexicans and the Americans did not actively support Texas in the war so Texas was declared an independent republic. Makers of America: Mexican or Texan? Know: Moses Austin, Stephen Austin, Anglos 18. Did Texans ever really intend to become Mexican citizens, or did they feign allegiance to get land? The Texans did not intend to become Mexican citizens and feigned to gain land. This is because they did not follow the Mexican rules and regulation. The Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840 Know: Log Cabin, Hard Cider, "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" 19. What does the election of 1840 tell you about politics and voters in America at that time? This election tells us that politics and voters in America did not care about ability but by likability of character and propaganda. The Two-Party System 20. Who were the Democrats and what did they believe? The Whigs? The Democrats glorified the liberty of the individual and were fiercely on guard against the inroads of privilege into government. The Whigs trumpeted the natural harmony of society and the value of community.

Brian Yu Per 1

Brian Yu Per 1

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