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Why?
Kaedah Anggaran awal adalah teknik yang digunakan untuk membuat anggaran kos projek untuk tujuan belanjawan. Fungsi anggaran awal disediakan adalah untuk meramal kos yang mungkin apa-apa projek masa depan sebelum reka bentuk butirbutir disediakan.
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Project
Hospital Polytechnic
Function
To provide bed for patients To provide semi-professional training in Technical and Vocational Education sector To provide education for students To provide temporary accommodation for student
School Hostel
Student Bed
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Exercise 1 Let say, polytechnic A was built in 2006 with cost of RM 350,000,000.00 with design capacity of 4200. Find : a) Unit Cost of Polytechnic A b) Total estimated cost for polytechnic B.
Project
Polytechnic A
Polytechnic B
6,000
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Polytechnic C
4,200
630 mil
150,000.00
Hence, it can be said that the unit cost of a polytechnic is about RM 123,333.33 per student ROUND UP TO RM124,000.00 If new polytechnic to be built with the capacity of 5,000 student, roughly the estimated cost will be RM620mil. Calculation: 5,000 students x RM124,000.00 = RM620,000,000
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To get estimated cost for the proposed project, unit rate (in RM/m2) should be multiplied with the total gross floor area (GFA) of the proposed project.
To get more accurate estimation, project components should be detailed out into blocks and estimated cost calculation should be based on cost per square meter of the construction for the similar block. Using this approach, cost derived is only the building construction cost and other costs (preliminary, piling, mechanical & electrical works, external works and contribution to Local Authority) should be added separately to get more accurate estimates.
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3950
5100 and 3950 is measured using external dimension (outside of enclosing walls)
Enclosing wall
Floor
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Conclusion:
Both approaches can be applied. However, consideration must be given if PWD ATDA is used to get the unit rate, then GFA of the proposed project must be defined as area of all enclosed spaces fulfilling the functional requirements of the building measured flat on plan to the internal face of the enclosing walls
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3950
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2000
GFA = 4m2
2000
However, if unit rate of similar area (gazebo for instant) is available, then the actual GFA should be used.
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2,972.00
276.10
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GFA (m2)
90,000 75,000
Polytechnic C
60,000
200 mil
3,333.33
Hence, it can be said that the unit rate of a polytechnic is about RM3,400 per m2. If new polytechnic to be built with the GFA of 100,000m2, roughly the estimated cost will be RM340mil. Calculation: 100,000m2 x RM3,400 = RM340,000,000.00
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44.96
1,000
44.96/2 x 1,000
22,480.00
253,620.00
Example of 3
Area Area with full wall Area without wall Total Estimated Cost GFA (m2) 231.14 44.96 44.96 x 500 Unit Rate (RM/m2) 1,000 500 Total Cost (RM) 231,140.00 22,480.00 253,620.00
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Roof Flat
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Half Pitch
Credit: http://www.tpub.com/
Building Height = b + r
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Credit: agreenliving.org
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Volume (m3)
4,500 6,000
Warehouse C
8,400
300,000
35.71
Hence, it can be said that the unit rate (RM/m3) of a polytechnic is about RM37. If new warehouse to be built with the GFA of 1,000m2, and height of 7m, roughly the estimated cost will be RM259,000. Calculation: 1,000m2 x 7m x RM37 = RM259,000.
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Advantages
1.The most easiest method so that less time consuming for the estimator 2.The method only required two(2) information to be used namely as design capacity of the proposed building and total project costs for the similar projects (previous projects). 3.The cost estimated come out in one lump sum figure and simpler for client for budgetary purposes 4.The cost reflects capital expenditure required to serve a unit of its function. eg: To train one student in polytechnic, it needs RM105,000 capital cost.
Disadvantages
1.The estimation is so rough and less accurate. 2.The accuracy of the estimate is highly dependent on the similarity of the project nature between proposed project and sample projects. If this estimated cost to be maintained, it will limited the creativity of the design team. 3.Project will be executed in its traditional way, so it will limit the innovation and improvement.
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Disadvantages Advantages 1.The estimation is more accurate compared to the Unit Valuation Method and Floor Area Method 2.The calculation is straight forward and less time consuming if the gross floor area and height of proposed buildings are given 3.Can be used at any building at any floor height. It is very useful in estimating buildings cost for building where height is not according to the standard provision by Building by Law (e.g. Single story house with 4.25 m floor to ceiling height) 1.Cannot be done if the designer cannot specific the building height at the time of estimation. 2.Client difficult to visualize the size of a building if the costing is given in cubic unit 3.Difficult to get cost data for cubic unit. Most of the cost data come in area unit.