Honors Chemistry Names: Aidan Marzo, Siddarth Bajpai Period 3 16/11/2013

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are the most reactive and from that information create a metal reactivity series (organized from the most reactive metals to least reactive metals) Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Data Table 1: Observations between metals and aqueous solutions Copper Copper (II) Sulfate None Lead None Zinc Reaction: Thin metallic black coating Magnesium Reaction: Blue precipitate formed Reaction: Brown and precipitate Reaction: Gas bubbles Silver None

Silver Nitrate

Reaction

Reaction : Thin Reaction: Thin metal coating coating

None

Lead (II) Nitrate

None

Reaction: A precipitate formed None

Reaction: thin dust precipitate None

None

Zinc Sulfate

None

Reaction: Bubbles form None

None

Magnesium Nitrate

None

Green coating

None

None

Image 1: Combination of aqueous solutions and metals

Image 2: different types of metals used

Task: Using a well plate and the chemicals given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. Procedures: 1. In a well plate, to each row, add small pieces of each of the five metals after cleaning them with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 2. React the five solutions with each metal 3. Create a data table to record observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring in each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction No Reaction Explanation Lead (II) Nitrate + Copper metal When the copper metal was placed in the lead (II) nitrate solution, there was no reaction. All of the reactions we tested are confirmed to be single replacement reactions. Single replacement reactions follow the general rule:

AB + C = CB + A. A and C being the cation and B being the anion. In order for A and C to swap places, C has to be more active (or electronegative) than A. On the activity series for elements handout, it is shown (by position on table) that lead is more active than copper. This information supports the data from this experiment, as lead (II) nitrate did not react with copper. If copper was more active than lead, there would have been a reaction, however copper was not reactive enough to pull the copper away from the nitrate. Reaction Explanation Lead (II) Nitrate + Zinc Metal When the zinc metal was placed in the lead (II) nitrate solution, a thin coating appeared around the zinc, signaling that a reaction was taking place. This reaction is a single replacement reaction and in order for it to occur, zinc has to be more active than lead. On the Activity Series for Elements handout, it is shown that zinc is more active than lead, allowing it to pull away the Nitrate, which is why the reaction was able to take place. 1. Write net ionic equations for all the reactions that occurred (highlighting the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed) A. Copper (II) Sulfate + Zinc Metal Balanced Molecular Equation: Cu(SO4)(aq)+ Zn (s)= Zn(SO4) + Cu Total Ionic Equation: Cu2++ SO42-+ Zn = Zn2+ + SO42-+ Cu Net Ionic Equation: Cu2++ Zn = Zn2+ + Cu Oxidized: Zn Reduced: Cu2+ Oxidizing Agent: Cu2+ Reducing Agent: Zn B. Copper (II) Sulfate + Magnesium Metal Balanced Molecular Equation: Cu(SO4)(aq)+ Mg(s) = Mg(SO4)aq) + Cu(s) Total Ionic Equation: Cu2+ + SO42-+ Mg = Mg2++ SO42-+ Cu Net Ionic Equation: Cu2+ + Mg = Mg2++ Cu

Oxidized: Mg Reduced: Cu2+ Oxidizing Agent: Cu2+ Reducing Agent: Mg

C. Silver Nitrate + lead Balanced Molecular Equation: 2 Ag(NO3)(aq) + Pb(s) = Pb(NO3)2 + 2Ag Total Ionic Equation: 2Ag+ + 2(NO3)-+ Pb = Pb2+ + 2(NO3)- + 2Ag Net Ionic Equation: 2Ag++ Pb = Pb2+ + 2Ag Oxidized: Pb Reduced: 2Ag+ Oxidizing Agent: 2Ag+ Reducing Agent: Pb D. Silver Nitrate + Zinc Metal Balanced Molecular Equation: 2 Ag(NO3)(aq)+ Zn(s) = Zn(NO3)2 + 2 Ag Total Ionic Equation: 2Ag++ 2(NO3)-+ Zn = Zn2++ 2(NO3)-+ 2 Ag Net Ionic Equation : 2Ag++ Zn = Zn2++ 2 Ag Oxidized: Zn Reduced: 2Ag+ Oxidizing Agent:2Ag+ Reducing Agent: Zn

E. Silver Nitrate + Magnesium Metal Balanced Molecular Equation: 2 Ag(NO3)(aq) + Mg(s) = Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s) Total Ionic Equation: 2Ag++ 2(NO3)- + Mg = Mg2++ 2(NO3)-+ 2Ag Net Ionic Equation : 2Ag++ Mg = Mg2++ 2Ag Oxidized: Mg Reduced: 2Ag+ Oxidizing Agent: 2Ag+ Reducing Agent: Mg F. Lead (II) Nitrate + Zinc Metal Balanced Molecular Equation: Pb (NO3)2
(aq)

+ Zn (s) = Zn (NO3)2 (aq) + Pb(s)

Total Ionic Equation: Pb2+ + 2(NO3)- + Zn = Zn2+ + 2(NO3)- + Pb Net Ionic Equation: Pb2+ + Zn = Zn2++ Pb Oxidized: Zn Reduced: Pb2+ Oxidizing Agent: Pb2+ Reducing Agent: Zn G. Lead (II) Nitrate + Magnesium Metal Balanced Molecular Equation: Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Mg(s) = Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + Pb(s) Total Ionic Equation: Pb2++ 2(NO3)- + Mg = Mg2++ 2(NO3)-+ Pb Net Ionic Equation: Pb2++ Mg = Mg2++ Pb Oxidized: Mg Reduced: Pb2+

H. Zinc Sulfate + Magnesium Metal Zn (SO4)(aq)+ Mg (s) = Mg(SO4) + Zn Total Ionic Equation: Zn2+ + SO42- + Mg = Mg2++ SO42-+ Zn Net Ionic Equation: Zn2+ + Mg = Mg2++ Zn Oxidized: Mg Reduced: Zn2+

I. Magnesium Nitrate + Lead Metal Balanced Molecular Equation: Mg (NO3)2 (aq) + Pb = Pb(NO3)2+ Mg Total Ionic Equation: Mg2++ 2(NO3)-+ Pb = Pb2+ + 2(NO3)-+ Mg Net Ionic Equation: Mg2++ Pb = Pb2+ + Mg Oxidized: Pb Reduced: Mg2+

2. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? First of all, the metal could not be copper or silver. This is because silver metal and copper metal would not react with hydrochloric acid. The remaining metals, lead, zinc and magnesium, all dont react with zinc chloride. However, out of the remaining 3 metals, only magnesium would react with zinc chloride. This is because magnesium is the only metal (out of those three) that is more active than zinc. You could also try and react the metal with another solution containing aluminum as the cation. If there was a reaction, this would confirm that the metal was magnesium.

Conclusion: A statement about the activity series you discovered. This lab demonstrated single replacement reaction first hand and assisted us in understanding when a single replacement reaction is able to take place.