ZI 1.1. Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT and MLT systems, of the following quantities which appear in Table 1.1: (a) vol- tume, (b) acceleration, (e) mass, (2) moment of inertia (area), and (e) work (a) volume tb) acceleration 2 time rate of change of velocity (A) moment ot inertia (area) = second moment of Area = (L*)(12) = a (e) work = fore x distance 2 £L or with Beer? works pL? T=?La 1.2. Determine the dimensions, in both the FLT system and MALT system, for (a) the product of force times volume, (b) the product of pressure times mass divided by area, and (ec) moment Of a force divided by velocity. (0) dorce x volume = (F)(U2) = EL? Since Loree x tolame = Coger)(8)= pb* 2 (602m) . (b) () Fsamir Pressure x mass area tu 3 (evr er ®) ue c \ R, moment of a force velocity (air*)(r)* ALT![43 | Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the MLT system, of the following quantities which appear in Table 1.1: (a) acceleration, (b) stress, (€) moment of a force, (d) vol- ume, and (e) work, Velocity time (@) acceleration (L) stress = force = = area L Dl stress = Sunce = FL 2 ce) moment of «force = force x distance slat dl = Aer = Cength) a ie (a) volume SE force x dstance i Ce) work OTL = I[44 Tyg risa fore and.xa length, what are the dimensions (in the FLT system) of (a) dP/ de, (b) d’P/dx’, and (c) fP dx? wa) 2244 = 21? ok L = @) Gee = 272 dx2 L3 aa [eu = FL TE a 1S If p is a pressure, V a velocity, and p a fluid density, what are the dimensions (in the MLT system) of (a) p/p, (©) Vp, and (c) p/pV"? (a $= 7 = Ur? a. (6) pVp* Gactra)(L7~)(me7)> ak 1” wlan ce. ee eG = MLT (dimensenlss » aya = (mu) (LT~)L6 16 If Vis a velocity, ¢a length, and va fluid property having dimensions of L?T-!, which of the following combinations are dimensionless: (a) Viv, (b) VElv, (ce) Vv, (d) Vil? ca) VAY = (Lt Ye)ler) = LT + (pot dimensionless) : GE) () eo = orm LDLLrC——eeSOe 2 : Yer) s 17? (, 7 . te) Y2p = (TY (LT) 3 LIT? (not dimensionless) @) yo = a = E> (not dimensionless) 17 7 Determine the dimensions of the coef- ficients A and B which appear in the dimen- sionally homogeneous equation dx de Sas pr=0 where x is a length and rs time 2 Wx 44 BeBe so dt? r+ Aer + ei =0 Since each term must have the same dimensions: fal [ir] = 77] so that Ae “leur - Bet?18 1.8 The volume rate of flow, Q, through a pipe containing a slowly moving liquid is given by the equation _ RAD ene where Ris the pipe radius, Ap the pressure drop along the pipe, ‘a fluid property called viscosity (FL~?7), an € the length of pipe. What ae the dimensions ofthe constant 1/8? Would you classify this equation as @ general homogeneous equation? Explain. orl [Elia ‘Veer The Constant The is dimensionless, and the equation 13 & general homogeneous Cguation that is valid 1m any Consistent Unt system. Yes.[27 7 book, the energy loss per unit weight of fluid flowing through a nozzle connected to a hose can be estimated by the formula h = (0.04 t0 0.09\D/d)'V?/2¢ ‘where i is the energy loss per unit weight, D the hose diameter, d the nozzle tip diameter, V the fluid velocity in the hose, and i the acceleration of gravity. Do you think this equation 1s valid in any system of units? Explain. R= (0.04 4 0.09) Gis [E]- [o.0 too of) [HE] EE) [1 ]2 [+04 40.09) LL] Since each term in The eguation must have the Same dimensions, the Constant term (0.04 0.0%) must be dimensionless. Thus, Mhe eguatioy ls & General homogeneous ef uation That «s Valid jn any system of units. Yes. 710 1.10 The pressure difference, Ap, across a 'y (FLT), p the blood density (ML~), D partial blockage in an artery (called a stenosis) isthe artery diameter, Ay the area of the unob- approximated by the equation structed artery. and A, the area of the stenosis. Ww a Determine the dimensions of the constants K, wa KD + Ky (4 a :) e and K,. Would this equation be valid in any sys- tem of units? where V is the blood velocity, 1 the blood vis- Ap= ky Ae + eal TAY ae [rc] [x] ENS) SS] EE] fec*) =k} ecd) + (e)[Fe*] Since each term must have the same dimensions, K, and K, are dimensionless, Thus, the equation is @ general homogeneous equation that would be valicl fn ang Consistent system ef units. Yes. oddAssume thatthe speed of sound, c i a fluid depends on an elastic modulus, ith dimensions FL~?, and the fluid density, p, in the form ¢ = (E,)'(p). If this is to be a dimen- sionally homogeneous equation, what are the values fora and 1s your rest consistent with the standard formula for the speed of sound? (See Eq. 1.19.) c= (E,)*@) Simce cat! 6,2 FL p= Flr? [5]: [$2] [20°] a) For a climensionally hemegeneous efuakion each term va tne eguation must have the same dimensions. Thus, the right hand side of £3.01) must have The dimensions of LT! There fre, a+bh=0 (te elimnate F) 2h=-1 Co sahity Condition onT) Zat¢bh=-!l Ch absty cnditen on L) It fellows Tht a4 and b= So het This result is consistent with The standard Aermula br The Speed ef sound. Yes.277 1.14 Make use of Table 1.3 to express the following quantities in SI units: (a) 10.2 in./min, (b) 4.81 slugs, (¢) 3.02 Ib, (d) 73.1 ft/s*, (e) 0.0234 Ib-s/ft?. @) 10.2%, = (a2 %,) (2s 22) ( Le) = -3 7m aman 4%arxlo” = 432 em (6) #81 slags= (481 shgs ) (1-499 410 /f)- 70.2 44 tt) 302 b= (302 )( 40) = sa4¥H 1 a A) 73.1 = (13/4) (Borex los. 7a C) 0.0234LIE 15 Make use of Table 1.4 to express the following quantities in BG units: (a) 14.2 km, (by 8.14 N/m’, (¢) 1.61 kg/m, (d) 0.0320 N-m/s, (e) 5.67 mm/br. (a) 142 4m = (42.10%) ( 2291 )= 466x108 tt ib a) 8m By = (84%) (6 26hx0? Be). suse? H, M&M — Im ® a ce) bo) 44, = (Les 42) (90x10? FE). 312 x10? sas ee iB ame Nem : - (d) 0.0320 =" = (0,0320 %") (1.316410 = 23bx10" as (2) 5,67 SH = (507 <0? @) (322) dia ) 3boos = saxo’ Ft ill“lo 1,16 Express the following quantities in SI units: (a) 160 acre, (b) 15 gallons (U.S), (€) 240 miles, (d) 79.1 hp, (e) 60.3 °F. ft? =2 m2 —.rrC~rCCsCi—C;s x10 )(4-a%0 x1 ‘a) = 647x105 m* (b) 15 gallons = (15 gallons (3. tas Site Te (is md fe 2). 5b 9 x18 nn? on ied C2) 240 mi = (240 mi)(-5280 2% )(3 048 xii" (A) 74.1 hp = (741 hp)(s50 “8 = = )(u a 24) saxo’ 2 and 12> \W se "vet 74.1 hp= 5.90 x1 cel Ter (b0.3°F -32) = 15.7°C = IF,7°C +273 = 28ai< (12,1.17 Clouds can weigh thousands of pounds due to their liguid water content, Often this content is measured in grams per cubic meter (g/m), Assume that a cumulus cloud occupies 4 volume of one cubic kilometer, and its liquid water content is 0.2 g/m?. (a) What is the volume of this cloud in cubic miles? (b) How much does the water in the cloud weigh in pounds? (aH lume = I km)? = 10% m? Since (m= 3.281 L4 3 id Cotm?) (3.251 & ) HYslume = (5290x103 #) Ime = 0.240 rmi 4 (6) W = ¥x Yolume r= pgs (0.2%)? $) (9a F)= |. 161408 So 9p = (1.262 KF X, )(10%m?) = (42 x10" N = (92 x0 W )(2.248 10% ) = 441 x |b 1-13118 1.18 For Table 1.3 verify the conversion re- lationships for: (a) area, (b) density, (@) velocity, and (d) specific weight. Use the basic conversion relationships: 1 ft = 0.3048 m; 1 Ib = 4.4482 N; and 1 slug = 14.594 kg. (a) / #t*= (140)ffo soe) 207} 0.09290 am Thus, raultiply ¢t* by 9.240 E-2 to convert 2 tom b) 1 Sug = ([ het) (yy, As ) Lf qa (/ a ) (14 5% 53) la oe as = S/5.4 Fea Thus, multiply slug tt? by S1S¥ Et+2 to convert to ko/m3 «ey &. (] Et) (0.3049 2)- 03049 @ Thus, multiply ft/s by 3.048 E-| + convert to m/s. L (#é? | a) 1 Be (t ga) 8) ear = sts Thus, multiply IbL/f2 by L571 Et2 to convert fo N/m,LAF Jusa For Table 1.4 verify the conversion re- lationships for: (a) acceleration, (b) density, (©) pressure, and (a) volume flowrate. Use the basic conversion relationships: 1 m = 3.2808 ft; IN = 0.22481 Ib; and 1 kg = 0.068521 slug. (a) :()% "(3.2809 = 3.221 = Tha multiply m/s? by 3.a8l to convert to ft/s, Aa. Be, slugs lam | &) | 3a, (1 )(0.ov85a1 oe) aaron Fe ~3 = |. G4o x10 aoe Thus, multiply Ay /m?3 by 1.440 E-3 £0 convert to slugs/t3, ce) | H..() X,) (aaa B ear (3, 2808)? Ft. = 2,089 x0 BL Thus, mulkiply N/m? by 2.084 E-2 to convert a i) | 28 () 2) [Garee” #2) 353! x Thas, multiply m/s by 353, Et] to convert to FLY. re »%