Jpn. J. Crop Sci.

7821701792009

1 1 1 2
12

L*
a* b*

20072008

10 m PTO

30 cm

0 . 8 m

s-1 70

30 / ha

2002

20042005a, b

2005a

20042005a, b

2005b, c, d2006a,

2006b
2007a

20042005a, b

2007c

2008 10 4 943-0193 1-2-1

TEL 025-523-4131FAX 025-524-8578furuhata@affrc.go.jp

171

1
2008

5 4
I

2006

2007d

15

2007b I

70 30

I 1

3
YCT15

2007 5 1

2007.

3 kg / 10 a 6060

2007 c

10

2006b2007a

28

16 16 mm

1 1
2

5 5

50

 78 2009

172

mg/

cm

cm

53 . 1

23 . 1

54 . 4

386

0 . 55

11 . 2

3.8

40 . 9

36 . 0

14 . 1

503

0 . 45

8 . 6

3.8

ns

ns

**

ns

ns

**

ns

28 2007 5 1 9 16 . 8
** t
1ns

II

14 19 . 7

1 2

1 1

3
1 1

2005c

L*a*b* MINOLTA

14

CM-3500 d 3 II

90
10

IV

III

100 g

AS ONE PZ-01

5 3

500 mL

2007 9 7

500 mL

1 . 0 cm 10 /

15202512

17 0

12

0246810

1 1 1 cm

L*a*b*

14

MINOLTA CM-3500 d 3

500 mL

100 mL 5 cm

14

3 10524

III
II
II

I
1

5 3

1 / 5000 a

2006 9 27

0 . 51 . 01 . 5 cm

20 /
23 cm

173

L*

a*

b*

L*

a*

b*

57 . 1

0.4

10 . 6

60 . 6

0.1

6 . 6

40 . 7

0.1

1 . 2

29 . 7

9.2

16 . 0

**

**

**

**

**

L* a* b* *** t
15

L* a* b*

L*

12

a* b*

10 10

2 A

L* 08 31 . 0

II

33 . 3

10 L*

46 . 6 2 B
a*

6 . 08 . 0 2 C
b* 14 . 220 . 9 2 D

 78 2009

174

3 1
2006 9 28 14 23 19 . 7 0 . 5
1
1 . 5

III

1
3

0 . 5 cm 1 . 5 cm

0 . 5 cm

1 . 0 cm 1 . 5 cm

1
14 3

175

3 1 14

cm

cm

0.5

3.3a

5 . 6 a

6 . 7 a

8.9a

2.9a

102 a

mg / 20

1.0

3 . 7 ab

5 . 9 a

7 . 0 ab

9.2a

2.7a

104 a

1.5

4.0b

6 . 0 a

7 . 2 b

8.7a

2.6a

101 a

0.5

3.6a

7 . 4 a

7 . 8 a

4.8a

2.2a

52 a

1.0

4.6b

9 . 1 b

10 . 0 b

2.9b

1.4b

34 b

1.5

5.7c

10 . 4 c

11 . 0 b

2.5b

1.3b

34 b

0.5

4.9a

8 . 2 a

9 . 7 a

3.6a

1.8a

39 a

1.0

5.7b

10 . 2 b

11 . 5 ab

1.5b

1.0a

16 b

1.5

7.5c

11 . 9 b

12 . 9 b

0.3c

0.4a

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14 n=3 0
5Tukey

0 . 5 cm

1 . 0 cm 1 . 5 cm

2007c

2000

I IV

IV
1

1
4

II III

II III

2007d
2006

14 4

2006

14

I IV

14

2004 1

 78 2009

176

4 1
2007 9 7 1 . 0 cm 14 152025

4 14

cm

mg / 10

15

10 . 3 a

0.4a

3 . 9 a

20

6 . 0 b

7 . 7 a

2.4b

38 . 0 b

25

3 . 6 c

19 . 2 b

2.9c

96 . 7 c

15

11 . 9 a

0.1a

1 . 3 a

20

6 . 6 b

2 . 6 a

1.1b

13 . 6 b

25

3 . 7 c

11 . 9 b

1.9c

48 . 9 c

15

0 . 3 a

20

8 . 6 a

0 . 3 a

0.6a

7 . 2 a

25

4 . 7 b

6 . 7 b

1.1a

22 . 8 b

14 n=6
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177

3 3
2006

2006

10

2007e

L* 31 . 033 . 3 a* 6 . 0

8 . 0b* 14 . 220 . 9 2

L* L*

2004

L* 3

2007

84

20042005

2007b

14

10

3 4

10

2004

2007

4 4
2006

16 30

16 301525

 78 2009

178

2006b.

. 75 : 182

1998
2006

190.
2007a.
.
76 : 1017.
2007b.
.
. 43: 2.

2007c.

. 43: 3.
2007d.
.
. 76 2: 45.
2007e.
.
. 76 2: 67.
2007.
. 76 2: 89.

1998.
. 32 : 106109.
2006.
. 59 : 45
46.
2007.
1 . 42 1: 8788.
2008.
2 . 43 1: 4748.

2006.

59 : 4748.
2006.
. 59 : 4142.

2005a.
. 74 : 18.
2005b.
. 74 : 916.
2005c.
. 74 : 134140.
2005d.

. 74 : 212217.
2006a.
. 75 :
712.

2004. . 80 : 947953.
2005a.
84 : 114117.
2005b.
. 2 . 27 : 402
1 7 28.
2000.
. 69 :
146152.
2006.

, .
59 : 4950.

179

Effects of Iron-Powder Coating versus Calcium-Peroxide Coating of Seeds on Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Rice
Direct-Seeded in Submerged Paddy Field : Masami Furuhata1), Tadashi Chosa1), Osamu Matsumura1) and Tomoyuki Yukawa2)
(1)Natl. Agr. Res. Cent., Hokuriku Res. Cent., Joetsu 943-0193, Japan; 2)Headquarters of NARO)
Abstract : This research was conducted to establish the method of direct seeding of iron-coated seeds using air-assist row seeder
in the cold district. The defensive effect of iron-coated seeds direct-seeded in a submerged paddy field against birds was
examined. In addition, seedling emergence and establishment of seedling from directly seeded iron-coated seeds, pregerminated seeds, and calcium peroxide-coated seeds were comparatively examined in pot experiments. Iron coating was more
effective in defending the seeds from bird damage than coating with calcium-peroxide due to the reduced lightness (L*) and
increased red (a*) and yellow (b*) hues caused by oxidation of iron. In short, the iron-coated seeds were not easily damaged by
bird because the appearance was similar to that of the soil surface. On the other hand, the iron-coated seeds showed delayed
seedling emergence and establishment compared with the calcium peroxide-coated seeds at low temperatures and under
conditions of deep seeding. We propose that seeding of iron-coated seeds on the soil surface is preferable for direct seeding in
submerged paddy fields. The introduction of new methods that promote seedling emergence and establishment may be
advantageous in cold areas.
Key words : Bird damage, Iron-coated seed, Low temperature, Rice, Seeding depth, Seedling emergence, Seedling establishment,
Submerged direct seeding.