MODERNITY

SOCIAL PATTERNS LINKED TO INDUSTRIALIZATION

FOUR MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS:

DECLINE OF SMALL, TRADITIONAL TOWNS
HIGH-TECH COMMUNICATIONS PUTS SMALL TOWNS IN TOUCH WITH THE WORLD

MODERNIZATION IS OK IN SOME WAYS, BUT I LIKE THE PAST JUST AS MUCH.

EXPANSION OF PERSONAL CHOICE

AN UNENDING SERIES OF OPTIONS REFERRED TO AS INDIVIDUALIZATION

INCREASING DIVERSITY IN BELIEFS

MODERNIZATION PROMOTES A MORE RATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC WORLD-VIEW

FUTURE ORIENTATION AND GROWING AWARENESS OF TIME

PEOPLE LIVING IN INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS TEND TO FOCUS MORE ON THE FUTURE THAN ON THE PAST

THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE IN AND OUT OF A SPECIFIED TERRITORY

VOLUNTARY MIGRATION
USUALLY DUE TO ECONOMIC PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

INVOLUNTARY MIGRATION
FORCED MIGRATION DUE TO WAR OR OTHER SOCIAL CONFLICT

IMMIGRATION
MOVEMENT INTO A TERRITORY

EMIGRATION
MOVEMENT OUT OF A TERRITORY

RATES
IN-MIGRATION RATE
THE NUMBER ENTERING FOR EVERY 1,000 PEOPLE

OUT MIGRATION RATE

NUMBER LEAVING FOR EVERY 1,000 PEOPLE IN THE TERRITORY

NET-MIGRATION RATE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IN- AND OUTMIGRATION NUMBERS

GROWTH IN U.S. CITIES

COLONIAL SETTLEMENT (1624-1800)
CAPITALISMS IMPACT UPON SMALL VILLAGES ENSURED TRANSFORMATION

URBAN EXPANSION (1800-1860)

TOWNS SPRINGING UP ALONG TRANSPORTATION ROUTES

THE GREAT METROPOLIS (1860-1950)

IMPACT OF CIVIL WAR (FACTORY GROWTH) USHERED IN GROWTH ONE-FIFTH OF THE POPULATION LIVED IN CITIES

URBAN DECENTRALIZATION (1950TO PRESENT)

DESERTION OF DOWNTOWN AREAS FOR OUTLYING SUBURBS

 METROPOLIS AND CENTRALIZATION

A LARGE CITY THAT DOMINATES THE AREA

THE SUBURBS AND DECENTRALIZATION

URBAN AREAS BEYOND THE POLITICAL BOUNDARIES OF A CITY URBAN RENEWAL EFFORTS HAVE GONE ON IN ATTEMPTS TO REVITALIZE CENTRAL CITIES

MEGALOPOLIS
A VAST URBAN AREA CONTAINING A NUMBER OF CITIES AND THEIR SURROUNDING SUBURBS: SUPERCITIES

Modernity as Mass Society

MASS SOCIETY IS A TERM THAT DRAWS UPON THE IDEAS OF TOENNIES, DURKHEIM, AND WEBER
MODERNIZATION IS VIEWED AS THE EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIETY MASS SOCIETY
A SOCIETY IN WHICH INDUSTRY AND EXPANDING BUREAUCRACY HAVE ERODED TRADITIONAL SOCIAL TIES

POWER IN A MASS SOCIETY LIES IN THE HANDS OF LARGE BUREAUCRACIES

LAWS THAT MANDATE STANDARDIZED EDUCATION, PRODUCT CONTROL, EXTENSIVE RECORD KEEPING, AND SO ON WE ARE FORCED TO DEAL WITH NAMELESS OFFICIALS WORKING IN DISTANT AND UNRESPONSIVE BUREAUCRACIES

LIFE IN THE BIG CITY

URBAN LIFE CAN BE CHALLENGING AND VERY DIFFERENT FROM EARLY RURAL SETTINGS EMILE DURKHEIM
MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY
SOCIAL BONDS BASED ON COMMON FEELINGS AND MORAL BONDS

ORGANIC SOLIDARITY
SOCIAL BONDS BASED ON SPECIALIZATION AND INTERDEPENDENCE

GEORG SIMMEL
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BLAS ATTITUDE
A STRATEGY FOR SOCIAL SURVIVAL

ROBERT PARK AND LOUIS WIRTH

URBAN ORGANIZATION BASED ON DISTINCTIVE ETHNIC COMMUNITIES, COMERICAL CENTERS, AND INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS
A HUMAN KALEIDOSCOPE

FERDINAND TOENNIES
THE LOSS OF COMMUNITY
WITH MODERNIZATION COMES THE LOSS OF GEMEINSCHAFT, OR HUMAN COMMUNITY
LOSS OF COMMUNITY CARING AND THE BEGINNING OF INDIVIDUALIZATION AND A BUSINESS-LIKE EMPHASIS

MODERNITY BRINGS ABOUT A CONDITION REFERRED TO AS GESELLSCHAFT, OR IMPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

PEOPLE LIVE AMONG STRANGERS AND IGNORE MOST THEY PASS ON STREETS