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Grace Milan Science 6 11/14/13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS SUMMATIVE REPORT PROBLEM: How does doubling the amount of carbon dioxide

from .5g of bisodium carbonate dissolved in 100mL of water to 1g. dissolved in 100mL of water affect the rate of photosynthesis in elodea? HYPOTHESIS: If carbon dioxide (by doubling baking soda) increased, then the rate of photosynthesis will increase by about 40%. THEORY: Photosynthesis is when plants use energy from the sun to make food and oxygen. It takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Chloroplasts contain a green substance called chlorophyll. This absorbs the light energy needed to make photosynthesis happen. Plants can only photosynthesize in the light. Light, carbon dioxide, and water are needed for photosynthesis to take place and the products of it are glucose and oxygen. The levels of carbon dioxide have been predicted that by 2016, they will surpass 400 parts per million. Carbon dioxide relates to photosynthesis because carbon dioxide enters the plant through the stomata and then is mixed with hydrogen to make the plants food called glucose, which is like a sugar. Photosynthesis is like the start to making glucose which carbon dioxide is needed for because photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy which powers the making of glucose. PROCEDURE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (BAKING SODA) 1. Measure and cut at an angle elodea 7 to 9 cm. 2. Remove a few leaves from end of stem and slightly crush end of stem. 3. Measure baking soda in .5 grams and 1 grams in 2 different test tubes. 4. Put elodea stem side up in a test tube. 5. Fill test tube with water and baking soda solution (1 gram to 100 mL of water). 6. Time both test tubes together at the same time 7. Put tube in rack and adjust lamp 5 cm from top of test tubes. 8. Turn on lamps and wait 1 minute. 9. After 1 minute, begin counting small, medium, and large bubbles for 3 minutes. Record data. 10. Repeat with trial 2.

DATA/OBSERVATIONS:
Trial 1 ___grams Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes with .5 g and 1 g baking soda
Small x 1 CO2 1 gram 30x1=30 Medium x 2 5x2=10 Large x 3 1x3=3 Total 43

.5 gram

6x1=6

4x2=8

0x3=0

14

Notes: Trial 2 _____grams Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes with .5 g and 1 g baking soda
Small x 1 CO2 1 gram .5 gram 20x1=20 13x1=13 Medium x 2 3x2=6 7x2=14 Large x 3 2x3=6 0x3=0 Total 32 27

Average for 2 Trials


Trials 1 2 Total Average 0.5g 14 27 41 20.5 1g 43 32 37.5

Notes: 2013 AVERAGE DATA IN 3 MINUTES FROM 5 DIFFERENT CLASSES Baking Soda
.5g CLASS PERIOD AVERAGES 1 2 3 4 6 7 TOTAL/5 AVERAGE 1g % Oxygen Decrease/Increase

108 69 33.7 23.7 26.3 3.8 264.5/6 44.1

139 47 26.5 14.3 36.3 72.8 335.9/6 56

22.3 increase 32.8 decrease 21.3 decrease 39.6 decrease 27.5 increase 94.8 increase 21.2 increase 21.2 increase

2013 Carbon Dioxide Averages


60 50 40 30 20 10 0 GROUP PERIOD 7TH GRADE .5g 1g

CONCLUSION:
In this lab my lab group tested that if doubling the amount of carbon dioxide from .5g to 1g of baking soda would affect the rate of photosynthesis in elodea. I hypothesized that if carbon dioxide (by doubling baking soda) increased, then the rate of photosynthesis will increase by about 40%. My hypothesis was correct. In the group averages there were 3 increases by periods 1,6,and 7 and 3 decreases from periods 2,3,and 4. Period 1s data seemed inconsistent because the numbers were in a much higher range that most of the other classes. Also, period 7s data increased by 94.8% with adding .5g baking soda more to the water that held the elodea inside of it. The classes over all average for .5g baking soda is 44.1%. The classes overall average for 1g baking soda is 56%. The discrepancy in this data

shows us that there was a 21.2% increase between .5 and 1g baking soda. Generally my hypothesis was correct because I predicted that the rate of photosynthesis would increase by about 40% when there was .5 more grams of baking soda added.

ANALISIS:
Examining the 2013 results, there are some inconsistencies in data. In our groups chart, it seemed that period 1 had much higher numbers than most classes. Also, 50% of the classs numbers increased and 50% decreased with putting more baking soda into the test tube. The highest increase between the classes was period 7s with a 94.8% increase. The highest decrease between the classes was a 32.8 decrease. The average number of bubbles counted with .5g of baking soda was 44.1 and the average number with 1g baking soda was 56. Since there were inconsistencies in the data on the chart, there has to be a cause for them. There are many ways that the counters could have messed up the tallying of bubbles. Some ways are that they could have counted incorrectly is that they could have mixed up the bubble size and done what was a medium bubble in the first trial a large bubble in the second trial. Also they could have counted the bubbles from not just the stem but also the leaves where most bubbles tend to come up from anyways. To improve the experiment more for the next time, some significant changes must be made to the procedure. Improvements that can be made are to make sure that we need to index the bubbles more and make sure that all of the small, medium, and large bubbles are in their correct sizing groups. Also we should be better at making sure that only one person is counting the bubbles because if multiple people are counting then they could both see the same bubble and count it twice which will make the chart even more inconsistent.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Coolidge-Stolz M.D., Elizabeth, et al. Focus On Life Science. Boston, Mass: Prentice Hall, 2008. Washington State Department of Ecology. American Waterweed- A Common Native Plant. February 24, 2003. November 2013. <http://www.ecy.wa.gov/Programs/wq/plants/native/elodea.html>

Young, Paul. The Botany Coloring Book. Cambridge, New York: Harper and Row, 1982. "Native Freshwater Plants." - American Waterweed. Washington State Department of Ecology, n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. "Elodea AQUAPLANT." Elodea AQUAPLANT. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2013. "Chemical Formula." For Baking Soda. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.

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