66

SCATTERING

of the calculation unnecessarily. Thus we can evaluate the matrix element for a hydrogen-like atom with atomic number Z as B; p e
ikx

A =

The V factor in the denominator of the integrand is to normalize the plane wave such that the probability of nding the outgoing electron in the box with volume V is equal to 1. The hydrogen-like wave function is taken to be the one for the ground state 1 Z a0
3 2

ei px d x V
3

i kx

Z a0

3 2

Zr a 0

(2.66)

Zr a
0

(2.67)

with a0 the Bohr radius for hydrogen. The cross section d is given by Equation (2.7) where v = 1 for the incident photon so we get d = 4 e 8 2 m
2

(2.68) To do the integral we introduce the momentum transfer q = k p and q = |q|) |p| (k) p 2 1 d = 32Z5 a2 (2.69) 0 2 2 4 d k m (Z + a2 0q ) EB EA (the incident photons energy We evaluate q2 , assuming that k is much larger than the ionization potential of the atom but low enough that 2 the outgoing electron is non-relativistic). Then k Ee = p2 /(2m) = 1 2 mv (now v is the non-relativistic velocity of the electron) and q2 = q2 = (k p)2 = k2 2k p + p2
2 = k 2k |p| cos + p2

1 1 Z k a0

[ (k) p]2 m|p| d

d3 x ei (kp)x e

|x| Z a 0

p4 2k |p| cos + p2 4m2 k p2 (1 2 cos ) |p| = = p2 (1 2 mv2 /2 cos ) mv (2.70)

= p2 (1 v cos )

where is the angle between k and p and we neglected in the third line the p4 term relative to the p2 term because in the non-relativistic limit p2 /(4m2 ) p2 .