Form 4 Mathematics

Chapter 4: Statements
Statement: A sentence that is either true of false. If it is neither true nor false, it is not a statement. (a) -2 is greater than -1 (A false statement) (b) 5 + 10 = 15 (A true statement) (c) x + 3 = 8 (Not a statement as x is an unknown) All and Some (a) All triangles have three sides. (True statement) (b) Some triangles have three sides. (False statement) (c) All quadrilaterals have same length of sides. (False statement) (d) Some quadrilaterals have same length of sides. (True statement) Not and No: Change a true statement into a false statement or vice versa. (a) 3 + 5 equals to 8. (True) (b) 3 + 5 not equals to 8. (False) And and Or And: Used when both statements are true Or: Used when one of the statements is true (a) 3 + 5 = 8 and 4 + 5 = 9 are true. (b) 3 + 5 = 8 or 4 + 5 = 8 is true. Antecedent and Consequence (a) If t > 4, then t + 2 > 4 + 2 Antecedent: t > 4 Consequence: t + 2 > 4 + 2 Writing 2 Implications from if and only if statement (a) x(x 2) = 0 if and only if x = 0 or x = 2. Implication 1: If x(x-2) = 0, then x = 0 or x = 2 Implication 2: If x = 0 or x = 2, then x(x-2) Premise and Conclusion Premise 1: 5 x 7 = 35 Premise 2: 5p = 35 Conclusion: p = 7

Chapter 4: Statements

Form 4 Mathematics

Deduction and Induction Deduction: Making a special conclusion based on a general statement or premises. A geometry with 4 sides is called quadrilateral. Square has 4 sides. Parallelogram has 4 sides. Therefore, square and Parallelogram are quadrilateral. Induction: Making a conclusion that is not certain. There are three numbers in a set A. The first number is 3. The second number is 4. The third number is 5. Therefore, all numbers in set A are positive.

Chapter 4: Statements