Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Content
1.0 Introduction.
8.0 Conclusion.
9.0 References.
1.0 Introduction.
ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK SYSTEM
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2ND SEM, M-TECH(PLANNING),YEAR-2008-09
ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK SYSTEM
The main source of water is river ‘Tapti’. The head works for the water supply
are located at ‘Nana Varachchha’. The water is being obtained from river Tapti, by
three different methods in the following manner:
1. Through the infiltration wells located at the river – bed.
2. Through tube – wells at ‘Varachchha’.
3. Through the surface purification plant by the treatment of raw water.
2.1 Surface Source:
Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh
water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by
precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the
oceans, evaporation and sub-surface seepage.
There are two major water works on the tanks on
the river tapi (N-E Corner of the city).the water released
from the Ukai dam.100 Km upstream is drawn at varachha, and sarthana water
works for treatments
a) Temperature: the drinking water should be cool. Desirable is bet. 10c to 15.6
c.
b) Turbidity: turbidity is on account of suspended and colloidal inorganic matter
such as silt, clay and mud particle. It should be between 2.5 -10 ppm.
c) Odour and Taste: substance that produce and odour will almost invariably
impart a taste as well as odour in drinking water may be due to the presence
of microscopic organic matter or inorganic substance such as iron, sodium
carbonates and sulphates.
d) Colour: for drinking purpose the colour of water should be preferably be less
than 10ppm.
e) Alkalinity: alkalinity is mainly because of carbonates, bicarbonates and
hydroxides. It helps in the process of coagulation while purifying the water.
f) Hardness: hardness of water is due to the presence of bicarbonates
sulphates and chlorides of calcium carbonate.hardness of water should be
between 75-115 ppm for domestic purpose.
g) pH value: pH value is a symbol of presence of positive hydrogen iron
concentration in a sample of water. Water containing alkali will have OH ions,
while water containing an acid will have more H+ ions. The ph value of water
for domestic use shall be from 6.5 to 8.
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ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK SYSTEM
1. Dead-End System or Tree System:- In this system, one main pipelines runs
through the center of the populated area and sub mains take off from this to both the
sides. It is suitable for towns that have one several road and by lanes without
regularity. The main is a larger diameter at the beginning and it becomes smaller as
it goes further from the sources of water supply. The pipe, which connects house
within main pipe in the streets, is known as services pipe having 100 to 200 mm or
even 300 mm dia. Here less numbers of valves are required, but if there is case of
repairs to any sections, the supply of the branch has to be cut off giving
inconvenience to the majority. The discharge available for fire fighting in the streets
will be limited.
2. Grid – Iron System or Reticulation System:-If the dead ends of the precious
system are inter-connected, water can be made to circulate continuously through the
whole of the distribution system. This system is therefore also known as the
interlaced system. Here, the main supply pipe runs through the center of the
rectangular area and sub mains take off from these in perpendicular directions. This
system is ideal for cities laid out on rectangular plan. There is free circulation of
water, without any stagnation. In case of repairs, only very small area of distribution
system is affected, but here large numbers of cut off required. The systems require
longer pipes lengths and bigger diameters. The cost of laying water pipe is more.
3. Circular System or Ring System:- This system is most suitable for the town or
area having well planned streets and roads. In this system, the supply main forms a
ring around the distribution district. In case of fire, a large quantity of water is
available.
4. Radial System:- This system is just the reverse of the circular system. In this
system, whole area is divided in to a number of distribution districts. Each district has
a centrally located distribution reservoir from where distribution pipes run radially
towards the periphery of the distribution district. This system gives quick service,
without much loss of head.
5.3 Water treatment processes:
• The purpose of water treatment is to remove all those impurities, which are
objectionable, either form taste or odour point of view or from public health
point of view.
Following are purposes of water treatment:
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ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK SYSTEM
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ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK SYSTEM
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The Surat city is second largest city of Gujarat and is one of the fast
developing cities. Surat Municipal Corporation has the responsibility of supplying
water to the residents of the city. Presently SMC is serving 92% of the total area
90% of the population.
The city has a well established water supply and distribution system in the
walled town, but the distribution system in the extended areas beyond the walled
town was extended on adhoc basis as and when new areas were added and the
population spread increased. Therefore, the corporation had taken up a
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comprehensive programme estimated to the cost of Rs. 1026 lacs to improve the
distribution system of the city including the extended area. The scheme was
designed keeping in mind the anticipated population of the year 2001. The main line
was designed for 30 years. The water supply scheme is designed to give 275 liters
of water per capita per day.
Present Yield of Water Works:
* At present, water supply in the extended parts of the city is being catered as per
their existing water supply systems and not from SMC water works. After the
implementation of new water supply Master Plan, new area will be covered under
water supply network.
Present Storage Capacity
Storage Capacity in Lac Liters at Water Distribution Stations
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ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK SYSTEM
Sr.No. Location Nos of UGSR UGSR Cap. ESR Cap. TOTAL Cap.
1 Khatodara 3 450.0 22.5 472.5
2 Umarwada 3 337.5 22.5 360.0
3 Katargam 3 450.0 22.5 472.5
4 Althan 2 225.0 -- 225.0
5 Athwa 1 2 315.0 -- 315.0
6 Udhna 3 335.0 -- 335.0
7 Dumbhal 1 3 297.0 -- 297.0
8 Pandesara 3 450.0 15 465.0
9 Joganinagar 1 2 450.0 -- 450.0
10 Udhna Sangh 1 140.0 -- 140.0
SUB-TOTAL (A) 25 3449.50 82.5 3532.0
NOTE:
* Not including Work of ESR of 22.5 Lac Liters capacity in progress
Khatodra
A separate treatment plant for the other areas could be located at Sarthana
and Katargam there will be 80% satisfaction of demand in 2001 and 100%
satisfaction in year 2011.
In order to augment supplies, a weir has been constructed on Tapi River, near
Singanpore. The purpose of weir is to increase the surface water availability. The
impoundage caused by the weir may result in an increase in the yield of French wells
at Sarthana and infiltration wells at Varachha by about 50 MLD. Two additional
surface water treatment plants of 50 MLD are under construction at Varachaha. It is
proposed to augment the supply by 60 MLD at Rander giving a total supply of about
320 to 370 MLD in the priority phase. The present storage capacity will be upgraded
from 91 MLD to 328 MLD by end of phase II in 2021.
The city has been divided into 6 water zones. North, west, central, east,s outh
and south west .in order to meet the requirements of the year 2011-21 additional
distribution stations are proposed at Singanpor , Ved.Rander, Jahangirpur,
Jahngirabad, Limbayat, Athwa, Aithan, Sagarampura, Udhana and Bhestan.
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Following is an abstract of the zone wise. Water demand for the three phases
8.0 CONCLUSION:
Today urban population is increasing at a rapid rate and so at the same time
the demand of water also increasing. Many cities are not able to meet the demand
and sometimes to meet the demand they are not able to keep control over the quality
of water. Thus to maintain good quality of water, with high supply efficiency,
collective action is required to meet this challenges. Contributionof urban inhabitants
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is required to meet the capital and reaming expenditure for water supply system and
large capital requirement.
9.0 REFRENCES
Books:
Punamia B.C. and Jain Ashok K., “Water Supply Engineering”, (1999), Laxmi
Publications PVT.LTD, New Delhi.
Web Sites:
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ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK SYSTEM
• http://www.suratmuniciple.org.
• http://www.envfor.nic.in
• http://www.neeri.nic.in/
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