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S 2 =a 1 + a 2 = a n
n= 1
S n = a1 + a 2 + ...+ a n = a n
n =1
S n =1 + 2+ ... + n
Serie(
n =1
a n = lim
Sn
Si es = infinito "a se#ie diverge, suma in ini$a Si no existe el lmite "a se#ie es oscilante, no $iene suma Ejem%&os:
n =1
lim S n =
1,1, 1,1, , (1 )n + 1 Se#ie 'ue osci&a: S 1 =1 S 2 =11 =0 S 3 =11+ 1 =1 S 4 =1 1+ 11 =0 Se#ie 'ue con!e#)e:
n
(1 )n+ 1
lim
n
Sn
n =1
(e #a+n # ,
S =
=1
S= an
n= 1
n1
, es$#ic$amen$e %osi$i!os:
a n > 0 n> 1
a n a n+ 1< 0
n1
an
1
es convergente
lim a n=0
teorema ,( Si
lim 0
n
n =1
an
diverge
Ej.0
n =1
2n 3n + 1
c o m o : lim
nno nno
a nbn.
Ej.: 2
ln1n
, con!e#)e o (i!e#)e3
se#ie a#mnica
1 n
(i!e#)e, en$onces
ln1n
an
bn
lim
n
an bn
=0 =+
3 4+ 2
n
bn bn
-
con!e#)e 4 (i!e#)e 4 1 2
n
an an
con!e#)e (i!e#)e
a n=
b n =
%ues$o 'ue # , 7 8 1.
lim
n
an bn
= lim
n
4+ 2n 1 2n
=3 0 a n converge
2 ./
CRI#ERI%S &AR#IC"LARES E C%N'ER!ENCIA Criterio de A3lem1ert o del cociente( an+ 1 an S i < 1 a n converge = S i > 1 a n diverge S i =1 el criterio no decide E42(
lim
n
n!
nn
lim
n
[ ]
( n+ 1 ) !
( )
1 = < 1 converge e
a n =
n 1
= lim
n
n 1 n
n n
=lim n
2 n
1 n
2 = =0 < 1 converge
lim
n
( )
lim
S i > 1 a n converge = S i < 1 a n diverge S i =1 el criterio no decide ln en 2 2 ln n en n ln e n ln n n2 ln n = lim = lim = lim =1 => 1 converge ln n ln n ln n ln n n n n 1
2
Ej.:
n e n
Criterio de Raa1e(
lim n 1
n
a n+ 1 an
e42(
1 2n (2n 1)
3 ./
([
+
])
, &im
n
8n 2 2n 4 n 2+ 6 n+ 2
=2 > 1 con!e#)en$e
a n bn
S=
(
1
a1 1 r
d r ( 1 r )2 n
b1 1
n
E4(
= n n
Series 5i-ergeom)tricas(
an
tal que
a n+ 1 an
n+ n+ , >1 S= a 1 +
1 (3n 2 )( 3n + 1) Ej.:
a n+ 1 an
1 ( 3 ( n + 1)2 )( 3 ( n+ 1 )+ 1 ) 3n 2 = = 1 3n + 4 ( 3n 2 )( 3n + 1 )
/ ./