SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

HUMAN RELATIONSHIP AMER HUSSAIN

Modern approaches to management are nothing more than a synthesis of the more traditional approaches of the Scientific Management and Human Relations schools of thought."
Actually main purpose of this essay is to tell about the two approaches scientific management and human relationship from topic if it still applicable to any organization of 21st century. Before demonstrate the theories and argue on scientific management and human relationship firstly important to understand the meaning of scientific management and what aspects do they include. Simple definition of scientific management which can be found in dictionary is the scientific management is proper systematic method of deciding the one best way for a job to be done and specified the human skills needed to perform it. (buchanan, 1997) . Fredrick Taylor is father of scientific management. He developed the main theory of scientific management in (1880s and 1890). In 1911 he published first book on scientific management its was principles of scientific management. After publication of this book researched and study start on this topic by follower frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Taylor worked at Midvale steel companies in Pennsylvania as mechanical engineer. Taylor believed that through apply the application of scientific management in company may increase the production by reducing the variety of method that were used by different workers. He described the three elements which should achieve (efficiency, standardization and discipline) all mangers decision should base on these three factors. (buchanan, 1997) Taylor theory can summarized into four main principles in which are he demonstrates that (1) Scientifically study of each part of work and find the best method of work (2) Secondly give advice to human resources management that selection of any member should scientifically and then train, teach and develop the worker for specific task . (3) In Production Company manager should clear about that all workers are working according the principles of science that has been developed in last he described that all work in workers and management equally (Bartol & Martin, 1998). How today mangers use the scientific management as many instruction of Taylor or his followers devised for increasing the production efficiency are still used in organization

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP AMER HUSSAIN

today. When mangers analyze the task and worker motion for reduce the time motion and increase the production so he used the scientific management. Henri Fayol also presented the scientific management. He is first person who find five functions of managers. His ideas important for mangers he write the theory in same time period as Taylor .Taylor target the only first line management but Henri target the all mangers. He wrote experience as mangers in coal-mining firm. That function are (planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling). And max Weber is follower of Henri Fayol he write in early 1900.he develop a theory of authority structures and relation based on an idea .he called a bureaucracy (coulter, 2009) On Taylor theory and work is often criticised today because he write in time of industrial reorganisation. Actually Taylor main ides related to worker efficiency and increase the production in minimum time. He believed that his ideas improve the management and labour relation for improving the industrial efficiency and prosperity. There are also number of theories on human relationship which can find on online encyclopaedia in which are define human relationship as company employees and management relation. Its idea that employees are motivated not only economically they also need a respect and all society basic need and range of social factors like that (praise. A belonging, feelings of achievement) http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-humanrelationstheory.html ELTON MAYO pay main role in experiments of human relationship in 1924 and 1927 on Hawthorne workers of western electric company in Chicago America there are four main phases of this experiment. The illumination experiment The relay assembly test room The interviewing programme The bank wiring observation room. http://www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_01_mayo.html Actually main focus of this experiment and research for relate the human relationship and motivation theory. This research can cause many changes in company management and work performance. Human relation in scientific management main purpose for increased the production of company through inspired the workers and human relations movement. New ideas of concerning that how group work is important and leadership for communicate with mangers and output restrictions; motivation and job design were

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP AMER HUSSAIN

brought into life. Through human relationship experiment prove that money reward is not main issue for against to scientific management theory. Human relation fined that good contact with management can also effect on production and there not need any reward so good contact can increase the production. Human relation main purpose to understand the basic need of workers at work, social as well as psychological these factors helps to improve the company and management performance. Actually human relation theory totally different from scientific management human relation main role that manger should make contact with worker from individual deep level. Human relation show human behaviour and checks people observation and check how people behave in different situation at work and daily base life. Human relation checks the need and facilitates the worker but scientific management treat with worker as robots without any type of feeling. Taylor theory demonstrate that manger should focus only on company goals and achievement and control the workers not see the need of worker on work but human relation communicate with mangers and worker and create the connection with worker. Human relation theory find that company productivity depended on worker efficiency and work so if manger motivate the employees themselves to work hard then worker work harder and employee become more productive and these norms and satisfy their workers need Elton Mayo tell in book about the Taylor scientific theory that Taylor theory would increase the production in company but its criteria touch only on certain level if in order to upper level worker feel that its value less on monetary basis after work his value become finish so human relation need with scientific management. In 21st century find the example of scientific management is not difficult because after day by day every organization become inspired with scientific management today every type of organization and institute and public institute are using the scientific management like that car manufacturing and computer manufacturing and hospitals and restaurants almost all of them structures of process are related to scientific management. For prove this that scientific management are using in almost all of them today i am going to analysis of one international company who adopted the scientific management. Burger king is one of the biggest company in 21st century who use the scientific management .it is American fast food company. Burger king use the scientific method in production .its business running successfully in different countries of world. Burger king follow the Fredrick Taylor theory they follow the four principle of Fredrick Taylor like in selection and specific task and train and develop divide the work equally in employees. So in burger king production process Fredrick Taylor theory are working as key components like as lot of order of burger make in short time with efficiency and accuracy. Company use the chain braches in production process which are very easy for employees

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP AMER HUSSAIN

so every employees complete their work easily in maximum two steps this method called deskilling of jobs Deskilling is the process in which jobs level reduces of skill levels pay main focus on social sciences .in which rise of modern industry, jobs become increasingly reutilized and devoid real skill content. Case of paradigm case of deskilling is assembly line jobs, in which are very short production line it done the job in minimum time maximum time is one minute. http://www.articlecity.com/articles/business_and_finance/article_4161.shtml In burger king similar technique used for production they serve the food in high quantity they prepare the order in one minutes and this system apply in branches in world in order making they use the scientific method and on boot there are make burger two person work at time and one person specific for task other person organized for further task this process apply on shoot ever item one person provide all food to other person for further process and next person complete the other tell the cash handling person so this process run in al days so same day also used the same chain process on different task like closing clean floor and promoting the staff. In end of result burger king get higher profit due to scientific management like that if they do not follow the Fredrick rules its production rate per time less so company profit per hour low and labour cost become higher then production and food cost also increase so profit become automatically low for reducing the labour and food cost company inspired the scientific management. Same function used in car manufacturing, in car manufacturing company used the assembly lines for making the car Toyota Company make one car in maximum 5 minutes due assembling lines so through assembling line company production rate higher time by time. They are using the robots to produce their products but instead of having one piece of machinery they using an assembly line with step broken down. This example shows that company use the scientific management but there are applying the benefits of advance technologies. So robots are not using in only car manufacturing in other many business are using the robots because they do not complain the manager they do not need any type of money reward and motivation level and dealing with human harder much harder but they cannot use the robot anywhere in any business. They need the employees for control the robots. Supermarket is another example of scientific management where are also using the scientific management. This example also shows the deskilling. There are working different workers to full the shelves and scan the product and control the stock control and control the queries. Different employees have different duties they do not need special skills task is so much easy but they need special training.

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP AMER HUSSAIN

Call centre latest example of scientific management in 21st century. In call centre business process everybody usually have answer to question written so every person are limited for giving the answer and solve the problem of customer .in different case if they have not answer of question they contact to supervisor of solve the problem then supervisor listen all conversation and try to solve the problem in other side manager control the workers and listen all conversations through this way manger can control the workers. Call centre worker do job on basic pay and commission on sale of product and give bonus weekly and per day if they achieve the target. This bonus function relate to Fredrick Taylor theory where he say about the money reward for motivate the employees. In public organization scientific management use today in airport another example of scientific management. In which every day functions of air port also aspects from scientific management. The total structure of air port base on scientific management like as control the different flights passengers and luggage and its sent on correct plane by tagging it and use the barcode its also example of assembly line. Now I like to encode my personal life time example. Now I am working in burger king as employee from last 6 months. Firstly they my interview and check my mind sharpness and after that they send in branch for training and development and there teach and develop for work in different situation and after three week training they transfer me in main branch there manger check my ability and after one day they specific me for one task on boat (place there burger made ) and I make burger and through different step it did ready for eat and its all scientific management which tell about the Frederick Taylor and if manger stay another person on board for burger making who are not expert and they will burger in one minute which is I make in 30 second so through this burger making rate lower then time so labour cost become high and efficiency rate become lower and profit rate also become low so branch get loss. Manager gives me bonus pay some pay when i work with efficiency so its Frederick Taylor money rewards for motivate the employee and in last all process show scientific management. According to Taylor theory money is only factor which can motivate the people for job. Now in 21st century there are many other motivating variables but money is still most important factor for motivating the workers and employees through different shapes like bonus and increase the monthly pay etc. According my own job experience I analyze that there are many people who are work only for money for living there are very less people who are work for just enjoy for every minute People who are work just for money they do their work like robot they have no feeling and pleasure or satisfaction of doing it. There are also another group who have not aim they are happy with whatever they doing they do not concern with any type of enjoyment and satisfaction they are part of money reward.

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP AMER HUSSAIN

Taylor theory which can apply in modern management so now in this century mostly organization are using Taylor theory recompense for performance based on the result; designing the perfect working method for work to perform the job with full skills and abilities and design workshop for worker and train them to do designing job more effective and also trained the mangers for support workers and make positive relationship with employees. In these days we can see the strong relationship between managers and workers. In 21st century human resources approaches strongly connected to human and companies. This relationship can see when any company start recruiting or when companies facilitate the employees possible development. Scientific management and human relationship approaches are still using these days but some type of jobs there are not need this type of approaches like engineering and fashion designer because if fashion designer will not work and not create the new thing give new and touch with creative mind they cannot survive so they need to able to create and put new direction in old style and put fresh spin in design so very similar these creative ability should in other creativity jobs. (J.MULLINS, 2008) IN CONCLUSION, according all aspects and factor shows that from 19th still now a days scientific management are paying important role of function in 21st century. It also knows that all factors of scientific management are applicable for better functioning of modern organisations, because it has many bad thing and weakness. So I think that these two approaches scientific management and human relation all suitable for 21st modern organisations. But these approaches do not apply on creative job structure which are mention above. Frederic Taylors principles for scientific management can used only tight job designs applicable. So Taylor theory and human relation theory are applicable where still exit in these types of jobs are. When there is talk about the creative job design so there all two approaches become failed. Where are applying these theories this company can produce the effective profit through the efficient way and scientific management approach a detailed analysis of each work task. He chose the routine, repetitive task performed by numerous operatives where Taylor study save the time and increase the profit. Before applying the scientific management manager should review again the limitation like that deskilling employees may make job easier and so simple but its not provide the job satisfaction through this directly hit the motivation level of worker and this is a most important factor for employee that he do the job good or not. Different companies like burger king and other restaurants that are following the scientific management and other companies like car manufacturing and other assembly line organizations there scientific management play important role in production, in

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP AMER HUSSAIN

future scientific management might very effective for any business however in those business which are related to creativity like fashion and civil engraining and other side where customer market needs and desire are under continually increase and it cannot stop there are these principles failed because they will not satisfying the market needs but some companies where employees always ready to create in these parts of market where it is necessary.

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP AMER HUSSAIN

Bibliography
buchanan, d. (1997). organizationl behaviour. prentice hall europe. coulter, s. p. (2009). In management (p. 28). pearson. J.MULLINS, L. (2008). ESSENMTIALS OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR. PRENTICE HALL (FINCIAL TIME).

Kathryn M. Bartol, David C. Martin, Management (Mcgraw-Hill Series in Management), Mcgraw-hill Professional 1998 http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-humanrelationstheory.html http://www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_01_mayo.html (http://www.articlecity.com/articles/business_and_finance/article_4161.shtml)