MQL2008

Gerund, to-infinitive czy bare infinitive? (Verb patterns)

Czasowniki wystpujce bezporednio po tych z tabelki musz przyj okrelon form: 1) tzw. gerund, czyli czasownik z kocwk ing; 2) to-infinitive, czyli czasownik, przed ktrym stoi przyimek to; 3) bare infinitive, czyli czasownik w formie podstawowej bez adnych kocwek.

to-infinitive
(Bezokolicznik z to)

Gerund
(czasownik +ing)

bare infinitive
(Bezokolicznik bez to)

agree
zgodzi si

cant help
nie mc si powstrzyma (od)

let
pozwala

want
chcie

cant stand
nie znosi

make
zmusza/ nakania

decide
zdecydowa (si)

(dont) mind
(nie) mie co przeciw

can
mc, umie, potrafi

expect
oczekiwa

enjoy
lubi

could
forma przesza od can

refuse
odmwi

deny
zaprzeczy

may
uywany w probach, pozwoleniach (fml)

(be) easy
by atwym mie ochot na

look forward to
oczekiwa na (z niecierpliwoci) przyzna

might
forma przesza od may

would like/ love (pojedyncza syt.) admit would prefer (pojedyncza syt.)
wole/ preferowa

must
musie

attempt
sprbowa, podej do

will
uywany w probach, ofertach, czas przysz.

be good at
by dobrym w

would
forma przesza od will

fancy
mie ochot na

would rather
wole

finish
skoczy

had better (d better)

lepiej eby()(my) - doradzanie

to-infinitive lub Gerund no difference

[Czasownik +ing lub bezokolicznik z to bez zmiany znaczenia]

begin
zaczyna (si)

start
zaczyna

love
uwielbia, kocha

hate
nienawidzie

like
lubi

prefer
preferowa, wole

cant bear
nie m znie

continue
kontynuowa

intend
zamierza

Czasowniki, po ktrych kolejne czasowniki mog przyj dwie formy, ale ze zmian znaczenia:
stop stop + bezokolicznik z to = zatrzyma si, aby co zrobi They stopped to talk. Zatrzymali si, aby porozmawia. remember + bezokolicznik z to = nie zapomnie czego ( w odniesieniu do przyszoci) I remember to send the letter. Pamitam, aby wysa list. forget + bezokolicznik z to = zapomnie co zrobi I forgot to send the letter. Zapomniaem wysa list. try + bezokolicznik z to =zrobi co jak najlepiej si potrafi I tried to repair the car but it didnt work. regret + bezokolicznik z to =aowa tego co si wydarzy I regret to say we wont get a Christmas bonus. need + bezokolicznik z to I need to take more exercise. go on + bezokolicznik z to
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. (=przeszed do omawiania innych spraw)

remember

forget

try

regret

need go on

stop + czasownik z ing = przesta co robi They stopped talking to each other. Przestali ze sob rozmawia. remember + czasownik z ing = nie zapomina o czym (w odniesieniu do przeszoci) I remember sending the letter. Pamitam, e wysaem list. forget + czasownik z ing = zapomnie, e si co zrobio. I forgot sending the letter. Zapomniaem, e wysaem list. try + czasownik z ing =wyprbowa jaki sposb, sprbowa If you stained your blouse with blood, try washing it in cold water. regret + czasownik z ing =aowa czego, co si ju wydarzyo I regret inviting him to the party. He completely spoilt it. need + czasownik z ing
The batteries in the radio need changing.

go on + czasownik z ing
We must change our ways. We cant go on living like this. (=nie moemy cigle tak y)

EXERCISES: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. 1. A: Can you . . . . . . . . . . . . . (help) me with the dishes, please? B: Yes, then we could . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) for a walk, what do you think? 2. A: Do you enjoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to parties? B: Yes, I love . . . . . . . . . . . . . (meet) new people. 3. A: I expected . . . . . . . . . . . . . (see) Tony here tonight. B: Well, he wanted . . . . . . . . . . . . . (come), but he was busy. 4. A: Lets . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the cinema or would you rather . . . . . . . . . . . . . (watch) TV? B: Well, I usually prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) out to . . . . . . . . . . . . . (stay) at home, but tonight I think Id prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . (watch) TV. 5. A: Well, Terry, are you looking forward to . . . . . . . . . . . . . (fly) to Paris? B: No I hate . . . . . . . . . . . . . (travel)! 6. A: Mum agreed . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lend) me her car. B: You mean shes really going to let you . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drive) her BMW? 7. A: Steve always makes me . . . . . . . . . . . . . (laugh). B: Me too. I love . . . . . . . . . . . . . (listen) to his funny stories.

8. A: Mr Harris, do you mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . (work) long hours? B: No, not at all. Actually I was wondering if I could . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) some overtime. 9. This player wont work. Try . . . . . . . . . . . . . (push) the red button. 10. She decided . . . . . . . . . . . . . (move) into a new flat. 11. My mother wants me . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) shopping with her on Saturday. 12. Gina would . . . . . . . . . . . . . (love) to travel to Jordan. 13. I tried . . . . . . . . . . . . . (contact) you all day yesterday. Sorry, I was away. 14. Helen doesnt mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . (walk) for an hour every morning to get to work. 15. Its not my fault. He made me . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lie) to you! 16. It may . . . . . . . . . . . . . (snow) during the night. 17. My brother never lets me . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drive) his car. 18. Dont forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lock) the door. 19. He stopped . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a snack, then he went back to work. 20. I regret . . . . . . . . . . . . . (say) that to her. It hurt her. 21. She made him . . . . . . . . . . . . . (eat) all his dinner before watching TV. 22. Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . (talk) at once! 23. Hell never forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . (meet) Mel Gibson. 24. Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . (send) a postcard. 25. Do you fancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . (join) us? 26. A: Tim isnt very sociable, is he? B: No, he prefers . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) alone rather than with others. 27. I hate . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the opera. 28. I regret . . . . . . . . . . . . . (say) that the concert has been cancelled. 29. What would you like . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) for dessert? 30. A: Does Greg know how to swim? B: No, I dont know why, though. Its so easy . . . . . . . . . . . . . (learn). 31. Ill always remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . (visit) Venice. It was so romantic. 32. I couldnt help . . . . . . . . . . . . . (notice) that Ray has bought a new laptop. 33. Id like . . . . . . . . . . . . . (leave) a bit earlier today. 34. Did he agree . . . . . . . . . . . . . (invite) Bob to the party? Paraphrase. 6. Joe would prefer to stay in tonight. 1. Jennifer is happy to work overtime. Joe would rather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer doesnt mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. I might see him later. 2. Driving her new car makes Carla happy. I may . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carla loves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. He cant wait to go on holiday. 3. Its not Emmas fault shes so shy. Hes looking forward to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emma cant help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. She didnt want to go to school. 4. Sam said he would go to the party. She refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sam agreed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Dave hates playing rugby. 5. Julie sat down and started to cry. Dave cant stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Julie sat down and began . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .