This is a trilingual document that translates between Tz'utujil (Mayan), Spanish, and English. The document includes basic phrases, vocabulary, and some typical verb conjugations.
This is a trilingual document that translates between Tz'utujil (Mayan), Spanish, and English. The document includes basic phrases, vocabulary, and some typical verb conjugations.
This is a trilingual document that translates between Tz'utujil (Mayan), Spanish, and English. The document includes basic phrases, vocabulary, and some typical verb conjugations.
Tzutujil/Spanish/English Vocabulary and Basic Phrases
Introduction This is a short document that translates common words and phrases between Tzutujil, Spanish, and English. Should you have an opportunity to visit the Western shores of Lake Atitln, youll find that the Tzutujiles appreciate foreigners who try to learn something of their culture and language. The following material relates most specifically to the Tzutujil spoken in San Pedro La Laguna. There is substantial variation in Tzutujil so this document can serve merely as an introduction. Este es un breve documento que traduce palabras y frases communes entre Tzutujil, Espaol, e Ingls. En caso de tener la oportunidad de visitar las orillas occidentales del lago de Atitln, usted encontrar que los Tz'utujiles apreciar los extranjeros que tratan de aprender algo de su cultura e idioma. El material que sigue se refiere ms especficamente a la Tz'utujil se habla en San Pedro La Laguna. Existe una variacin sustancial en Tz'utujil por lo que este documento puede servir como una simple introduccin.
Pronunciation Tzutujil [dz- oot oo hl] has a number of tricky sounds which one does not commonly hear in the Romance or Germanic languages. After each Tzutujil word and phrase below I have indicated a guide to pronunciation using English sounds and words (where possible). After each English word or phrase below I have indicated a guide to pronunciation using Spanish sounds. Spaces in these pronunciation guides indicate syllables. The only novel mark Ive had to create is the sign - to indicate the glottal pause that is so common in Tzutujil. For English speakers, it is something akin to the short pause in the middle of the expression uh-oh. Below, I note the Tzutujil word followed by a pronunciation guide followed by the Spanish translation followed by the English translation.
Despus de cada traduccin en Ingls, he dado una approximacin cruda de los sonidos de las palabras en Ingls.
Phrases (Frases) Utz aawach? [ootz ah watch] / Utz, maltiyoox. [ootz mall t ysh] Ja ka atet? [ha kaw atet] / Utz chaqajaa, maltiyoox. [ootz chalk ah hah-, mall t ysh] = como ests? / bien, gracias. y tu? / estoy bien tambien, gracias = how are you? / fine, thanks. how are you? / Im fine also, thanks [how ar yuu / fayn, thanks. how ar yuu / Aym fayn als, thanks] Utz kaari/utz naka/jeee [ootz k- aw ree-/oots knock- aw/hay ] = est bien = fine, sounds good, okay [fayn, sowndz gud, h k] Naq aabii [knock awb- -] = como te llamas? = whats your name? [wats yuur nm] John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 2 Naq abanoon [knock ob- on own] = cmo ests? = how are you doing? [how ar yuu duu ing] Naq naaban [knock knob- on] = que haces? = what are you doing? [wat ar yuu duu ing] Naq ka [knock k- aw] = quien es, que es = who is it, what is it [huu is it, wat is it] Jaru ajuunaa [ha roo- ah hoon gnaw-] = cuantos aos tiene? = how old are you? [how ld ar yuu] Jaru rajil? [ha roo- raw hl] = cuanto cuesta? = how much is it? [how much is it] Jaru nuukaas [ha roo- new k- aws] = cuanto debo? = how much do I owe you? [how much duu ay yuu] Jar atet ka naq chi saamaajiil naaban [har aw tet k- aw knock ch sawm ah hl knob- on] = t, que trabajo haces? = what kind of work do you do? [wat kaynd of wurk duu yuu duu] Jo! [h- ] = vamos! = lets go! [letz g] Baar at petinaq wi? [b- are ought pet knock w-] = de donde viene? = where are you from? [wer ar yuu from] Kinakuyu/cha nuumak [key naw koo you-/chaw new mock] = perdoname = excuse me [eks kuus mee] Kinokona awikiin [key naw koo you-/chaw new mock] = con permiso = excuse me [eks kuus mee] Ninbe pa kayibal [nn bay pa ki y ball] = voy al mercado = I am (Im) going to the market [aym g ing to tha market] Naq qiij xaturqaji [knock k- ey shot oor kah he-] = cuando llegaste = When did you arrive? [wen did yu ar ayve] Wuqubiixir xinurqaji [wook oob- sh ear sheen oor kah h-] = llegue la semana pasada = I arrived last week [ay ar ayvd last wik] Nkatzin chuwee ninbe chuwaaq pa Chichicastenango [n k- atz n choo vay- nn b- ay choo walk paw Chee chee cast en ang o] = necesito irme a Chichicastenango maana = I need to go to Chichicastenango tomorrow [ay nid tu g tu Chi chi cast en ang tum or ] Tachajij aawii! [tawch aw h ah w] = Cuida te! = Be careful! [b cair ful] Qila chik na [k- ey law- chk gnaw] =Nos Vemos! = see you later! [see yuu ltur] Xtiqaatzat chik na qii! [sht cawtz- ought ch gnaw key-] = Nos Vemos! = See you later! [s yuu lt ur] Ko/Kooli jun [k-h/ k-h lee hoon] = hay un/a = there is a(n) [ther is aa(an)] Tayaa [tie yaw- ah-] = da me = give me [giv m] Tabana jun utziil [tawb- awn aw- hoon ootz l] = hgame un favor = do me a favor [do m fv ur] Maltiyoox [mall t ysh] = gracias = thank you (thanks) [thank yuu (thanks)] Sibalaj maltiyoox [seeb- all ah mall t ysh] = muchas gracias = thank you very much (thanks very much) [thank yuu ver much (thanks ver much)] Jee [hay] = s (afirmacin) = yeah (affirmation) [yeh] Ma [maw] = no (negacin) = no (negation) [n] Kan [con] = s = yes [yes] Ma kan ta [maw con taw] = no = no [n] Ma ko ta [maw k- h taw] = no hay = there is not [ther is not]
Interrogatives (Interrogativos) Baar chi ri (tri) [b- are tr] = dnde, adnde = where [wer] Bajan [b- a hawn] = cundo = when [wen] Jaru [ha roo-] = cunto = how much [how much] John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 3 Jani [ha n-] = cmo = how [how] Naq [knock] = qu, quin = what, who [wat, hoo] Naq chi re (tre) [knock tray] = por qu = why [way]
Nouns (Sustantivos) Aabaj [ab aw] = piedra, roca = stone, rock [stn, rawk] Aachi [aw ch] = hombre = man [man] Aaj [aah] = caa = cane stalk [kn stawk] Achibal [awtch b-all ] = imagen, foto = image, photo [im uj, ft] Achik [awtch k-] = sueo = dream [drm] Ajiik [aw- k-] = sirvienta = servant [sur vant] Ajil [aw hl] = precio = price [priis] Ajkaay [awk- eye] = vendedor(a) = merchant [mur chant] Ajkeem [awk m] = tejedora = weaver [wee vur] Ajpub/kinich [aw poob-/key ntch] = el sol = sun [son] Ajtijaal [aw t hall] = escuela = school [skuul] Akaal [awk- all] = nio = boy [boy] Alaqoom [all awk- oom] = ladrn = robber [rob ur] Alaxibal [all osh b- all] = nacimiento = birth [burth] Aqoom [awk- oom] = medicina = medicine [med is in] Atat [aw tot] = usted = you [yuu] Atix [aw tsh] = estornudo = sneeze [snz] Awan [ah wan] = milpa = cornfield [korn fld] Beey [b- ay] = camino = road [rd] Chaaj [chaw] = ceniza = ash [ash] Chajineel [chaw h nel] = guardin = guardian [gar d en] Chakat [cha cot] = silla = chair [cheyur] Chakatwi [ch- awk ot we] = almohada = pillow [pil ] Chapaq [ch- op awk] = jabn = soap [sp] Chee [chay-] = rbol = tree [tree] Chi ya [ch yaw-] = playa = beach [bch] Chiich [ch- each-] = carro = car [kar] Chiich [ch- each-] = maquina = machine [mush n] Chiich [ch- each-] = metal = metal [met ul] Chiij [chh] = algodn = cotton [kawt un] Chujarinaq [ch- oo hawr een awk] = loco = crazy person [kr z pur son] Chuumiil [ch- oo meal] = estrella = star [star] Ichaaj [ chaw] = hierba = plant [plant] Iik [k] = chile = chile pepper [chi l pep ur] Iik [k-] = luna, mes = moon, month [muun, munth] Iiq [ yik-] = viento = wind [wehnd] Ikaj [ kaw] = hacha = axe [aks] Iil majk [l mawk] = pecado = sin [sen] Ilixik [l eesh eek] = servicio = service [sur vis] Ixix [ sheesh] = ustedes = you (plural) [yuu] Ixoq [sh oak] = mujer = woman [wum en] John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 4 Ixtan [sh tawn] = senorita = unmarried woman [un mar d wum an] Iyaaj [ yaw] = las ninas = girls [gurls] Iyoom [ ywm] = comadrona = midwife [mid wayf] Jaan [hawn] = mosca = fly [flay] Jar/Ja [hawr/haw] = el/la = the [tha] Juunaa [hoon gnaw-] = ao = year [yehr] Juyu [who you] = volcan = volcano [vol cn ] Kaaj [kaw] = cielo = sky [skay] Kaas [k- aws] = deuda = debt [det] Kajool [k- hole] = joven = young man [yung man] Kamol beey [k- awm ole b- ay] = gua = guide [gayd] Kasleemaal [k- aws lem all] = vida = life [layf] Kooch [coach] = regalo = gift [gift] Kotziij [coat dz- h] = flores = flowers [flau urs] Kuyaa [k- oo yaw-] = cerveza = beer [byur] Maamaaj [mom ma] = nietos = grandsons [grand suns] Nimaqiij [neem ock- ee] = fiesta = festival [fest iv ul] Okox [ ksh] = hongos = mushrooms [mush ruums] Oochooch/ Jaay [ chch/hi] = casa = house [hows] Palow [pall oaf] = mar = sea [see] Puluw [pool oof] = burbuja = bubble [bub ul] Puwaq [poo wock] = dinero = money [mun ] Qaaq [q- awq-] = fuego = fire [fayr] Qaniil /ijatz [q- awn l/ haw- tz] = semilla = seed [sd] Raal [raw-] = su hijo(a) = son, daughter [sun / dawt ur] Riikiil [r kl] = comida = food [fuud] Rij [r-] = anciano, don = sir [sur] Ruuwach xaan [roo watch shkawn] = pared = wall [waul] Sanayii [sawn ay] = arena = sand [sand] Subal [soo- b- all] = toalla = towel [tow ul] Taa [taw-] = anciano = old man [ld man] Tiisom [t- s- m] = costura = sewing [s ing] Tijobal [t hb- all] = escuela = school [skuul] Tijooneel [t han nil] = maestro = teacher [tch ur] Tijoxeel [t he shle] = estudiante = student [stuu dent] Tinamiit [tn aw meat] = pueblo = town [town] Tisibal [tase b- awl] = maqina de coser = sewing machine [s ing mush n] Toot [t- wt-] = caracol = shell [shel] Tuy [t- h-] = olla = pot [pawt] Tzuuj [dz-ooh] = gota de lluvia = raindrop [rn drawp] Tziij [dz] = palabra = word [wurd] Tziyaq [dz yawk] = ropa = clothes [clths] Uleew [oo lay oof] = tierra = land [land] Winaq [w knock] = persona = person [purson] Xukuk [shoe kook] = fresco = fresh [fresh] Ya [yaw-] = agua = water [wat ur] Yaawaa [yaw wah] = enfermo = sick [sik] Yaabiil [yawb- l] = enfermedad = sickness, disease [sik nes, dis s] John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 5 Bodies (Cuerpos) -Rule: drop aaj suffix when used with possessive (e.g. nuupaam-mi estomago)
Verbs (Verbos) Ajobeeneem [aw hoe- b- en em] = querer = to want [tuu want] Akaxaaneem [ock- osh en em] = preguntar = to ask [tuu lis un] Atineem [ock- osh en em] = banarse = to bathe [tuu lis un] Beenaam [b- y nam] = ir = to go [tuu g] Biinaq [b- y knock] = decir = to say [tuu s] Bijneem [b- y nem] = caminar = to walk [tuu wawk] Bixaaneem [b- x aw nem] = cantar = to sing [tuu sing] Chajoneem [ock- osh en em] = lavar = to wash [tuu lis un] Chayooneem [ch- eye own em] = pegar = to adhere [tuu ad hey ur] Choyooneem [choy own em] = cortar = to cut [tuu kut] Chupuuneem [choop oon em] = apagar = to turn off [tuu turn awf] Jaqooneem [hawk own em] = abrir = to open [tuu p en] Kabaaneem [kawp- awn em] = callerse = to shut up [tuu shut up] Kamik [kaw meek] = morir = to die [tuu dii] Kamooj [k-aw mh] = traer = to bring [tuu bring] Kanooneem [kawn own em] = buscar = to look for [tuu luk for] Kastaaneem [k- ost awn em] = pasear = to walk, to wander [tuu wawk / tuu won dur] Katzineem [k- at z n em] = necesitar = to need [tuu nid] Kaxaaneem [ock- osh en em] = escuchar = to listen [tuu lis un] Kisooj [k- ey sh] = acabar = to finish [tuu fin ish] John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 10 Kolooneem [k- l n em] = guardar = to guard [tuu gard] Kotzoleem [coats- oh lem] = acostar = to lie down, to go to sleep [tuu lii down / tuu g tuu sleep] Kuchuuneem [kooch oon em] = cubrir = to cover [tuu kuv ur] Kutuuneem [k- oot oon em] = pedir = to ask for [tuu ask for] Loqooneem [low k- own em] = comprar = to buy [tuu bii] Mesooj [mays oh] = barrer = to sweep [tuu swp] Michooneem [mch- own em] = arrancar = to extract [tuu eks trakt] Ookeem [oak em] = entrar = to enter [tuu en tur] Oqeej [oak- eh] = llorar = to cry [tuu cray] Otaqineem [oat awk n em] = aprender = to learn [tuu] Qajooj [ka hoe] = prestar = to lend [tuu lend] Qejtexik [k- ay taysh ik] = abrazar = to hug [tuu hug] Samaajiineem [saw maw hn em] = trabajar = to work [tuu wurk] Sikooj [sk- oh] = recoger = to get [tuu rd] Sikiineem [sk- n em] = llamar = to call [tuu rd] Sikiineem [sk- n em] = leer = to read [tuu rd] Suuuneem [soo- ooh nem] = limpiar = to clean [tuu kln] Taqooj [tock hoe] = enviar = to send [tuu send] Tijooneem [t- hoe em] = ensenar = to teach [tuu tch] Tijoonriiil [t hone ri- eel] = estudiar = to study [tuu stud ] Tikomiineem [tkoh- mean em] = sembrar = to sow [s] Tzibaaneem [dz -b- aw nem] = escribir = to write [tuu lis en] Tzijooneem [dz- hone em] = hablar = to speak [tuu spk] Tzubuleem [dz- oob- ool em] = sentar = to sit [tuu sit] Waiimeem [waw- m em] = comer = to eat [tuu t] Waraameem [wah rawm em] = dormir = to sleep [tuu slp] Xajooj [shaw hoe] = bailar = to dance [tuu dans] Yaooneem [yaw- own em] = dar = to give [tuu giv]
Adjectives (Adjetivos) Aal [awl] pesado = heavy [hev ] Achiy [awch- -] duro = hard [hard] Ajninaq [ah nn ock] = rpido = fast [fast] Bolobik [b- le b- k] = cylindrico = cylindrical [sil end rik ul] Chaap [ch- op] / Tziit [dz- eat] = poco = a little, a bit [ lit ul, bit] Chabaq [ch- awb- awk] = lodo = mud [mud] Chabaq [ch- awb- awk] = mojado = wet [wet] Chajchoj [ch- awch- h] = limpio = clean, neat [kln, nt] Chakachik [chawk- aw chk] = delgado = skinny [skin ] Cham [ch- ahm] = cido = sour [sow ur] Chaq [chalk-] = gordo = fat [fat] Chaq [chalk-] = cocido = cooked [fat] Chaqiij [chalk h] = seco = dry [dray] Choom [chhm] = gordo = fat [fat] Choqaaq [chhq- awk-] = fuerte = strong [strong] John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 11 Chuchuj [ch- ooch- ew] = suave = soft [soft] Chuw [choof] = apestoso = smelly [smel ] Eqaal [eh kawl] = despacio = slow [slh] Itzeel [eats el] = feo, malo = ugly, bad [ug l, bad] Jabel [hawb- el] = bonito = pretty [pret ] Jiik [hk] = recto = straight [straat] Kaaka [k- awk- ah] = nuevo = new [nuu] Kay [k- eye] = amargo = bitter [bit ur] Kayew [k- eye ef] = difcil = difficult [dif e kult] Ki [k-] = dulce, sabroso = sweet, tasty [sweet, tst ] Koli [kh- lee] = pequeo = small [smal] Kolokik [k- ole oak- k] = esfrico = spherical [sfer ik ul] Kow [kaf] = duro = hard [hard] Kut [koot] = corto = short [short] Lokolik [lo coal k] = torcido = twisted [twist ed] Maxko [mosh ko] = mucho = much [much] Muuj [mooh] = sombreado = shady [sh d] Naooj [naw h] = inteligente = intelligent [en tel itch ent] Nim [nm] = grande = large, big [larj, big] Nim [nm] = alto = tall [tawl] Nim raqan [nm rawk awn] = tall (persona) = tall (person) [tawl] Nimalaj [nm aw lawh] = muy grande = very large, very big [ver larj, ver big] Nimakol [nm awk h- l] = mediano = medium [md um] Nojnaq [know knock] = lleno = full [full] Papik [paw- pk] = vertical = vertical [vur tik ul] Ponopik [pown h pk] = inflado = inflated [in flt ed] Qas [kaws] = muy = very [ver ] Qeqik [q- eq- k] = inclinado = slanted [slant ed] Robarik [robe- are k] = ovalado = oval [h vul] Saq [sawk] = limpio = clean, neat [kln, nt] Setesik [set es k] = redondo = round [rownd] Siik [sk-] = invlido = handicapped [noy s] Sik [sk-] = ruidoso = noisy [noy s] Sipojik [sip h hk] = hinchado = swollen [swh len] Talani [tall awn ] = vacio = empty [emp t] Tikitik [tk tk] = escarpado (bajando) = steep (going down) [stp] Tikoli [tik h l] = muy pequeno = very small [ver smawl] Tinoy [tin h- y] = pequeno = small [smawl] Tziil [dz- l] = sucio = dirty [durt ] Tzalatzik [dz- all aw dzk] = inclinado = slanted [slant ed] Tzaratzik [dz- are rods- k] = aplastado = flattened [flat tend] Utz [ootz] = bueno, bien, amable = good, well, friendly [gud, wel, frind l] Wuqubik [wooq- oob- k] = dbil = weak [wk] Yuquyik [yoo koo yk] = alargado = elongated [ long t ed] Yux [yoosh] = dbil = weak [wk]
John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 12 Prepositions/Conjunctions/Adverbs (Preposicines/Conjuncines/Adverbios) Aqa [alk- ah-] = noche = night [night] Achibil [awtch b- l] = accompanado, con = accompanied with, with [ak omp an d with] Ajninaq [ah nn awk] = rpido = fast [fast] Aqabiil [alk- awb- l] = maana = morning [morn ng] Chajniim [chah nm] = rpido = fast [fast] Chaqajalaal [chawk aw hall all] = de repente = suddenly [sud en l] Chaqajalaal [chawk aw hall all] = tal vez = perhaps [pur haps] Chi [ch] = de, alrededor = of, around [uv, ar ownd] Chi kaaj [ch kaw] = arriba, cielo = upwards, sky [up wurds, skay] Chi la [ch law-] = all/por all (lejos) = there, that way (far) [ther, that wi] Chi le [ch lay-] = all/por all = there, that way [ther, that wi] Chuwaaq [chew ock] = maana = tomorrow [toom ar h] Ejqaal [eh kawl] = despacio = slowly [sl l] Ikem [ kem] = abajo = under [und ur] Iiwiir [ were] = ayer = yesterday [yes tur dy] Ka [k-aw] = hasta, desde, pues = until, since, well [unt il, sins, wel] Kaamiik [kaw mk] = hoy = today [too di] Kee la [key law-] = all/por all (lejos) = there, that way (far) [ther, that wi] Kee wa ri [key wah r] = all/por all = there, that way [ther, that wi] Kin [k- n] = y = and [and] Kiy [k- ] = mucho = much [mach] Mariil [mar l] = apenas = barely [bar l] Naqaaj [gnaw kaw] = cerca = near [ney ur] Naat [not] = lejos = far [far] Nikajqiij [nk- alk- h] = medio da = noon [noon] Owi [h w] = o = or [or] Pa [paw] = dentro = inside [en siid] Ri [r-] = cercano = near, nearby [ner, ner bay] Taqajqiij [tock alk- h] = tarde = afternoon [af tur noon] Ti [t] = ito (diminutivo) = y (diminutive) [] Tziit [tz- eat] = poco = a bit [a bit] Wiij [wh- = atrs = behind [b haynd] Xaxa [shaw shaw] = (desvalor) = pshaw, whatever [pshaw, wat ev ur] Xee [shay-] = abajo = below [b l]
John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 13 Verb Conjugations (Conjugaciones de verbos) Present Preterite Future Ninbe = voy = I go Xinbe = fui = I went Xkinbe na = ir = I will go Natbe = vas = you go Xatbe = fuiste = you went Xkatbe na = irs = you will go Nbe = va = he goes Xbe = fue = he went Xtibe na = ir = he will go Noqbe = vamos = we go Xoqbe = fuimos = we went Xkojbe na = iremos = we will go Nixbe = van = you go Xixbe = fueron = you went Xkixbe na = irn = you will go Neebe = van = they go Xeebe = fueron = they went Xkebe na = irn = they will go
Present Preterite Future Ninwai = como = I am eating Xinwai = com = I ate Xkinwa na = comer = I will eat Natwai = comes = you are eating Xatwai = comiste = you ate Xkatwa na = comers = you will eat Nwai = come = he is eating Xwai = comi = he ate Xtiwa na = comer = he will eat Noqwai = comimos = we are eating Xoqwai = comimos = we ate Xkojwa na = comeremos = we will eat Nixwai = comen = you are eating Xixwai = comieron = you ate Xkixwa na = comirn = you will eat Newai = comen = they are eating Xwai = comieron = they ate Xkewa na = comirn = they will eat
Present Preterite Future Nbiij = digo = I say Xinbiij = dije = I said Xtinbiij na = dir = I will say Nabiij = dices = you say Xabiij = dijiste = you said Xtabiij na = dirs = you will say Nbiij = dice = he says Xbiij = dijo = he said Xtibiij na = dir = he will say Nabiij = decimos = we say Xqabiij = dijimos = we said Xtiqabiij na = diremos = we will say Nebiij = dicen = you say Xebiij = dijeron = you said Xtebiij na = dirn = you will say Nkibiij = dicen = they say Xkibiij = dijeron = they said Xtikibiij na = dirn = they will say
Present Preterite Future Ninsikini = llamo = I say Xinbiij = dije = I said Xtinbiij na = dir = I will say Natsikini = dices = you say Xabiij = dijiste = you said Xtabiij na = dirs = you will say Nsikini = dice = he says Xsikini = llamo = he said Xtisikin na = dir = he will say Nojsikini = decimos = we say Xqabiij = dijimos = we said Xtiqabiij na = diremos = we will say Nixsikini = dicen = you say Xixsikini = dijeron = you said Xtebiij na = dirn = you will say Nesikini = dicen = they say Xesikini = dijeron = they said Xtikibiij na = dirn = they will say John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 14 Present Preterite Future Ninwari = duermo = I am sleeping Xinwari = dorm = I slept Xkinwar na = dormir = I will sleep Natwari = duermes = you are asleep Xatwari = dormiste = you slept Xkatwar na = dormirs = you will sleep Nwari = duerme = he is asleep Xwari = durmi = he slept Xtiwar na = dormir = he will sleep Noqwari = dormimos = we are asleep Xoqwari = dormimos = we slept Xkojwar na = dormiremos = we will sleep Nixwari = duermen = you are asleep Xixwari = durmieron = you slept Xkixwar na = dormirn = you will sleep Newari = duermen = they are asleep Xewari = durmieron = they slept Xkewar na = dormirn = they will sleep
Present Preterite Future Ninxajowi = bailo = I dance Xinxajowi = baile = I danced Xkinxajo na = bailar = I will dance Natxajowi = bailas = you dance Xatxajowi = bailaste = you danced Xkatxajo na = bailars = you will dance Nxajowi = baile = he dance Xajowi = bailo = he danced Xtixajo na = bailar = he will dance Nojxajowi = bailamos = we dance Xojxajowi = bailamos = we danced Xkojxajo na = bailaremos = we will dance Nixxajowi = bailan = you dance Xixxajowi = bailaron = you danced Xkixxajo na = bailarn = you will dance Nexajowi = bailan = they dance Xexajowi = bailaron = they danced Xkexajo na = bailarn = they will dance
Present Preterite Future Ninqajooni = presto = I lend Xinqajooni = prest = I lent Xkinqajon na = prestar = I will lend Natqajooni = prestas = you lend Xatqajooni = prestaste = you lent Xkatqajon na = prestars = you will lend Nqajooni = presta = he lends Xqajooni = prest = he lent Xtiqajon na = prestar = he will lend Nojqajooni = prestamos = we lend Xojqajooni = prestamos = we lent Xkojqajon na = prestaremos = we will lend Nixqajooni = prestan = you lend Xixqajooni = prestaron = you lent Xkixqajon na = prestarn = you will lend Neqajooni = prestan = they lend Xeqajooni = prestaron = they lent Xkeqajon na = prestarn = they will lend
Present Preterite Future Ninkam to = traigo = I bring Xinkam to = traj = I brought Xtinkam to na = traer = I will bring Natkam to = traes = you bring Xakam to = trajiste = you brought Xtakam to na = traers = you will bring Nkam to = trae = he brings Xkam to = traj = he brought Xtikam to na = traer = he will bring Nqakam to = traemos = we bring Xqakam to = trajimos = we brought Xtiqakam to na = traeremos = we will bring Nekam to = traen = you bring Xekam to = trajeron = you brought Xtekam to na = traern = you will bring Nekekam to = traen = they bring Xkekam to = trajeron = they brought Xtikekam to na = traern = they will bring
John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 15 Present Preterite Future Ninloqooni = compro = I am buying Xinloqooni = compr = I bought Xkinloqon na = comprar = I will buy Natloqooni = compras = you are buying Xatloqooni = compraste = you bought Xkatloqon na = comprars = you will buy Nloqooni = compra = he is buying Xloqooni = compr = he bought Xtiloqon na = comprar = he will buy Nojloqooni = compramos = we are buying Xojloqooni = compramos = we bought Xkojloqon na = compraremos = we will buy Nixloqooni = compran = you are buying Xixloqooni = compraron = you bought Xkixloqon na = comprarn = you will buy Neloqooni = compran = they are buying Xeloqooni = compraron = they bought Xkeloqon na = comprarn = they will buy
Present Preterite Future Ninatiini = me bao = I bathe Xinatiini = me ba = I bathed Xkinatin na = me baar = I will bathe Natatiini = te baas = you bathe Xatatiini = te baaste = you bathed Xkatatin na = te baars = you will bathe Natiini = se baa = he bathes Xatiini = se ba = he bathed Xti[atin na = se baar = he will bathe Nojatiini = nos baamos = we bathe Xojatiini = nos baamos = we bathed Xkojatin na = nos baaremos = we will bathe Nixatiini = se baan = you bathe Xixatiini = se baaron = you bathed Xkixatin na = se baarn = you will bathe Neatiini = se baan = they bathe Xeatiini = se baaron = they bathed Xkeatin na = se baarn = they will bathe
Present Preterite Future Ninooqi = lloro = I cry Xinooqi = llor = I cried Xkinoq na = llorar = I will cry Natooqi = lloras = you cry Xatooqi = lloraste = you cried Xkatoq na = llorars = you will cry Nooqi = llora = he cries Xooqi = llor = he cried Xtioq na = llorar = he will cry Nojooqi = lloramos = we cry Xoqooqi = lloramos = we cried Xkojoq na = lloraremos = we will cry Nixooqi = lloran = you cry Xixooqi = lloraron = you cried Xkixoq na = llorarn = you will cry Neooqi = lloran = they cry Xeooqi = lloraron = they cried Xkeoq na = llorarn = they will cry
Present Preterite Future Ninsamaji = trabajo = I am working Xinsamaji = trabaj = I worked Xkinsamaj na = trabajar = I will work Natsamaji = trabajas = you are working Xatsamaji = trabajaste = you worked Xkatsamaj na = trabajars = you will work Nsamaji = trabaja = he is working Xsamaji = trabaj = he worked Xkesamaj na = trabajar = he will work Nojsamaji = trabajamos = we are working Xojsamaji = trabajamos = we worked Xkojsamaj na = trabajaremos = we will work Nixsamaji = trabajan = you are working Xixsamaji = trabajaron = you worked Xkixsamaj na = trabajarn = you will work Nesamaji = trabajan = they are working Xesamaji = trabajaron = they worked Xkesamaj na = trabajarn = they will work
John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 16 Present Preterite Future Ninbiini = camino = I am walking Xinbiini = camin = I walked Xkinbiin na = caminar = I will walk Natbiini = caminas = you are walking Xatbiini = caminaste = you walked Xkatbiin na = caminars = you will walk Nbiini = camina = he is walking Xbiini = camin = he walked Xtibiin na = caminar = he will walk Nojbiini = caminamos = we are walking Xojbiini = caminamos = we walked Xkojbiin na = caminaremos = we will walk Nixbiini = caminan = you are walking Xixbiini = caminaron = you walked Xkixbiin na = caminarn = you will walk Nebiini = caminan = they are walking Xebiini = caminaron = they walked Xkebiin na = caminarn = they will walk
Present Preterite Future Ninmeloji = regreso = I return Xinmeloji = regres = I returned Xkinmeloj na = regresar = I will return Natmeloji = regresas = you return Xatmeloji = regresaste = you returned Xkatmeloj na = regresars = you will return Nmeloji = regresa = he returns Xmeloji = regres = he returned Xtimeloj na = regresar = he will return Nojmeloji = regresamos = we return Xojmeloji = regresamos = we returned Xkojmeloj na = regresaremos = we will return Nixmeloji = regresan = you return Xixmeloji = regresaron = you returned Xkixmeloj na = regresarn = you will return Nemeloji = regresan = they return Xemeloji = regresaron = they returned Xkemeloj na = regresarn = they will return
Present Preterite Future Ninmesooni = barro = I sweep Xinmesooni = barr = I swept Xkinmeson na = barrer = I will sweep Natmesooni = barres = you sweep Xatmesooni = barriste = you swept Xkatmeson na = barrers = you will sweep Nmesooni = barre = he sweeps Xmesooni = barri = he swept Xtimeson na = barrer = he will sweep Noqmesooni = barremos = we sweep Xoqmesooni = barremos = we swept Xkomeson na = barreremos = we will sweep Nixmesooni = barren = you sweep Xixmesooni= barrieron = you swept Xkixmeson na = barrern = they will sweep Nemesooni = barren = they sweep Xemesooni = barrieron = you swept Xkemeson na = barrern = they will sweep
Present Preterite Future Nwotaqiij = apriendo = I study Xinwotaqiij = regres = I returned Xkinmeloj na = regresar = I will return Nawotaqiij = aprendes = you return Xawotaqiij = regresaste = you returned Xkatmeloj na = regresars = you will return Nrotaqiij = aprende = he returns Xrotaqiij = regres = he returned Xrotaqiij na = regresar = he will return Nqotaqiij = aprendemos = we return Xqotaqiij = regresamos = we returned Xkojmeloj na = regresaremos = we will return Newotaqiij = aprenden = you return Xewotaqiij = regresaron = you returned Xkewotaqiij na = regresarn = you will return Nkotaqiij = aprenden = they return Xkotaqiij = regresaron = they returned Xkemeloj na = regresarn = they will return
John J. McGraw Juan Gonzlez Rocch 17 Present Preterite Future Nintijooni = enseno = I teacn Xinmesooni = barr = I swept Xkinmeson na = barrer = I will sweep Natijooni = barres = you sweep Xatmesooni = barriste = you swept Xkatmeson na = barrers = you will sweep Ntijooni = barre = he sweeps Xmesooni = barri = he swept Xtimeson na = barrer = he will sweep Noqtijooni = barremos = we sweep Xoqmesooni = barremos = we swept Xkojtijoon na = ensenaremos = we will sweep Nixtijooni = barren = you sweep Xixmesooni= barrieron = you swept Xkixmeson na = barrern = they will sweep Netijooni = barren = they sweep Xemesooni = barrieron = you swept Xkemeson na = barrern = they will sweep
Present Preterite Future Ninajoni = quiero = I teacn Xinmesooni = barr = I swept Xkinjo na = barrer = I will sweep Natajoni = quieres = you sweep Xatmesooni = barriste = you swept Xkatmeson na = barrers = you will sweep Nnajoni = quiere = he sweeps Xajoni = barri = he swept Xtimeson na = barrer = he will sweep Noqojoni = queremos = we sweep Xoqojoni = barremos = we swept Xkojtijoon na = ensenaremos = we will sweep Nixojoni = quieren = you sweep Xixojoni= barrieron = you swept Xkixmeson na = barrern = they will sweep Neojoni = quieren = they sweep Xeojoni = barrieron = you swept Xkejo na = barrern = they will sweep
Additional Resources (Recursos Adicionales) Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala o http://www.almg.org.gt/ Website of San Pedro La Laguna o http://www.tzununya.com Website of John J. McGraw o http://www.johnjmcgraw.com Tradicin Oral Maya (lots of great books to download) o http://www.oralidadmaya.info/ Ajpub Pablo Garca Ixmat discussing los nahuales y la engendracin in Tzutujil o http://goo.gl/ckvhSB Ajpub Pablo Garca Ixmat presenting basic phrases in Spanish and Tzutujil o http://goo.gl/mYjfAm Short video reviewing some of the basic phrases in Spanish and Tzutujil o http://goo.gl/Ox3Oei A movie about the life of Jesus dubbed in Tzutujil o http://goo.gl/6ZKFna Facebook stories El Biliotecario in Spanish and Tzutujil with English subtitles o http://goo.gl/pMHlhF
Vietnamese Flash Cards Ebook: The Complete Language Learning Kit (200 digital flash cards, 32-page Study Guide, free download or stream native-speaker audio recordings)