Aves

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}\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrt
n\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard
\ql \li3757\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3757\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li3757\sb160\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs32 AVES ( Burung) \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri882\sb18\sl-555\slmult0\fi533 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Burung mempunyai daya tarik
khusus bagi manusia karena \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 berbagai alasan diantara
nya adalah burung lebih mudah dilihat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 daripada hewa
n lain. Beberapa burung memiliki ukuran besar, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 seba
gian diurnal dan sebagai anggota kelas;maka burung \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 banyak hidup berdampingan dalam lingkungan manusia. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri
878\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Burung memiliki kein
dahan bentuk dan warna serta cara \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 perkawi
nan yang menarik. Beberapa aspek pada burung seperti \line \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex100 pola terbang,makanan dan kegiatan kawin tidak terlalu sulit \li
ne \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 untuk diamati.Aspek lain yang menarik adala
h tingkahlaku \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 burung,suara,siulan dan nyan
yian yang indah yang sangat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 spesifik bagi
tiap-tiap burung. Burung berkembang dari reptilia. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex103 Nenek moyang burung adalah \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Archeopteriyx \ul0
\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 yang merupakan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 kombin
asi sifat reptilia dan burung dan merupakan mata rantai \line \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex98 perkembangan evolusi reptil dan burung yang tergambar melalui \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 temuan fosil zaman Jurasic di daerah bavaria. Beberap
a akhli \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 menilai archeopteryx adalah burung
purba dan ada pula yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 berpendapat sebagai
Dinosaurus yang berbuli,di mana bulu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 ters
ebut merupakan thermoinsulator yang diperlkan pada wkatu \line \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex100 terbang. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri883\sb0\sl-553\slmult0\fi449 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex105 Ada beberapa alasan untuk menempatkan burung sebagai \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 vertebrata tinggi. Burung memiliki struktur tubuh dan fi
siologi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 yang berkembang lebih baik dari pada

vertebrata lainnya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 termasuk mammalia. \par\pard\ql
\li1132\sb136\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Keanekaragaman Arsitekt
ur Burung \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri877\sb40\sl-552\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex104 Meskipun ada sejumlah kecil burung yang tidak dapat \line \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 terbang,namun semua struktur aves merupakan bentuk adap
tasi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 untuk terbang. Hal ini jelas tampak pada
burung yang tak dapat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 terbang seperti buru
ng unta dan penguin yang menunjukan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 bahw
a mereka berasal dari nenek moyang yang dapat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 terbang,adaptasi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 ini tampak dalam bentuk
tubuh yang \par\pard\ql \li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb248\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 1 \par\par
d\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg2}{\bkmke
nd Pg2}\par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri879\sb192\s
l-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 aerodinami
k yang memungkinkan mereka untuk terbang. Berarti \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 l
epas dari ukuran tubuh,warna,bentuk paruh dan kaki,terdapat \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex98 derajat keaneka ragaman struktur yang sangat tinggi untuk kelas \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex102 aves jika dibandingkan dengan kelas lainnya sperti mammalia
. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Keaneka ragaman struktur ini menyebabkan sistem k
lassifikasi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 yang meliputi perbedaan morfologi sulit
untuk dibuat. \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb332
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Masalah dalam sistematika burung \pa
r\pard\qj \li1132\ri878\sb17\sl-556\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 J
umlah species burung sangat banyak,bahkan yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex101 terbanyak dibandingkan dengan kelas lainnya kecuali kelas \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex98 pisces. Perbedaan antar species seringkali sangat kecil,mungki
n \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 hanya pada perbedaan plumage pada masa kawi
n, tingkah \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 laku,suara yang hanya mugkin terama
ti oleh seorang yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 benar-benar akhli. Kadang-k
adang \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri886\sb0\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
spesies yang hampir mirip bentuk dan warnanya,ternyata \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 berbeda suaranya,sehingga spesiesnya terpisah. \par\pard\ql \li1754\sb
120\sl-368\slmult0\tx8900 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Masalah dalam semua
sistematika \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 burung,adalah \par\pard\qj \li1132
\ri883\sb41\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 pengenalan konvergensi.
Burung yang berbeda ternyata dapat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 menunjukan hubun
gan kekerabatan yang dekat,atau dinyatakan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 berkerab
at dekat karena konvergensi dari bentuk yang berbeda \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
8 yang disebabkan oleh adapatasi terhadap kehidupan. \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex98 Klassifikasi berdasarkan prinsip filogenetik sangat penting,tetapi \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sulit untuk dilakukan untuk memilah persamaan dan per
bedaan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 pada burung. Contoh konvergensi adalah kesama
an umum,tetapi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 memiliki kekhususan seperti : \par\pa
rd\ql \li1493\ri877\sb10\sl-550\slmult0\tx1898\tx1898 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
9 1. Struktur dan warna paruh,dari burung rangkong dan toucan \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex107 yang sama-sama beradaptasi untuk memakan buah-\line \t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 buahnan dari pepohonan di hutan tropika. \par\par
d\qj \li1493\ri882\sb19\sl-540\slmult0\tx1898 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 2. Pe
rbedaan kaki,kedua burung di atas memiliki susunan jari \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex101 kaki yang berbeda, Secara umum perbedaan kaki lebih \par\p
ard\ql \li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb259\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 2 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\pap
erw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg3}{\bkmkend Pg3}\par\pard\qj \
li1898\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1898\ri878\sb214\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 konservatif daripada paruh kar
ena itu lebih reliabel,karena \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 itu kedua burung ini
tidak diklassifikasikan bersama. \par\pard\ql \li1493\ri878\sb10\sl-553\slmult0\
tx1898\tx1898\tx1898 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 3. Umumnya filogeni burung yan
g didasarkan pada sifat alur \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 bulu-bulu,be
ntuk tendon otot tungkai,protein pada albumin \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex99 telur,tidak dapat diandalkan untuk identifikasi sehari-hari di \line \tab \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 museum maupun untuk identifikasi di lapangan. \par\p
ard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Filogenetik klassifikasi burung pada masa kini. \par\pard
\qj \li1132\ri886\sb14\sl-560\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Kini Orn
ithologist mengenal 27 ordo dari burung yang masih \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex100 hidup,dan beberapa diantaranya terancam punah.
Ada \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex100 3 \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri881\sb7\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex102 kelompok ordo yaitu : Ratitae ;burung -burung yang berukuran \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex102 besar,tidak dapat terbang,Carinatae; adalah jenis burung ya
ng \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dapat terbang,kedua kelompok ini digolon
gkan sebagai \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Superordo. Diantara kedua superordo
tersebut ada kelompok \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 burung intermediet yaitu burun
g yang tidak terlalu mahir terbang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 kelompok tersebut
termasuk superordo Tinamae \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb140\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 Sistematika yang digunakan dalam panduan ini \par\pard\qj \li1
132\ri883\sb40\sl-552\slmult0\fi622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Sistematika ya
ng digunakan dalam klassifikasi burung \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 berbeda
dengan veretebrata lainnya di mana hanya perbedaan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
morfologi yang menjadi basis klassifikasi. Klassifikasi yang \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex105 digunakan dalam buku J. E Webb et.al,lebih ditekankan pada \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 penggunaannya
daripada
filogenetiknya,dan
didas
arkan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terutama pada sifat tingkah laku dan ekologiny
a. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri884\sb0\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Pe
rtama ;Perbedaan burung yang dapat terbang dan tak dapat \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 terbang. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri879\sb0\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex102 Kedua ; Pada tipe anak yang baru menetas dibedakan atas \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 precoccial dan altricial. Precoccial ditujukan pada a
nak burung \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 yang dapat segera meninggalkan sar
ang setelah menetas untuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 mencari makanan, mi
salnya pada anak ayam atau anak bebek. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Altric
ial;ditujukan pada anak burung yang pada waktu menetas \line \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex106 masih tak berbulu,belum dapat berdiri,tetap tinggal di dalam \line \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 sarang dan diberi makan oleh induknya sampai burung cu
kup \par\pard\ql \li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb156\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 3 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\s
b0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb160\sl-368\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 kuat untuk terbang,mis
alnya pada burung pemangsa dan \par\pard\li1132\sb187\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx3
276\tx5601\tx7518\tx8900\tx9944 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 penyanyi.\tab \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 Bebebrapa\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 diantara\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ini\tab \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 bersifat\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri878\sb27\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex103 intermediat,beberapa jelas precoccial atau altricial.
Hampir \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 semua ciconiformes
seperti bangau da
n blekok adalah \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 altricial,tetapi burung flaming
o adalah precocial. Sebaliknya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 kebanyakan chara
diiformes adalah precocial tetapi sebagian \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 lain
nya seperti camar dan terna adalah intermediet,yaitu anak\up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex101 anaknya dapat meninggalkan sarang tetapi masih diberi makan \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex102 langsung oleh induknya. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri881\sb10\sl-550\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Ketiga ; Perbedaan berdasarkan distribusi eko
logis. Beberapa \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 ordo dikategorikan sebagai burung y
ang hidup di darat,aquatik \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 dan burung bertengger. \

par\pard\qj \li1132\ri882\sb10\sl-551\slmult0\fi622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
Bagian pertama dari sistem klasifikasi ini adalah Burung \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex102 yang hidup di tanah,seperti Ratitae,Tinamae,Crane dan burung \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex103 yang diburu (game bird). Bagian kedua adalah burung aquatik \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 yang terdiri atas burung air tawar dan burung laut. Bag
ian ketiga \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 adalah burung yang hinggap atau bertengg
er yang dibedakan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 berdasarkan makanannya yaitu
predator dan pemakan udara \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (aerial feeders),kec
uali Pssseriformes yasng dikelompokkan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 sebagai b
urung arboreal (hidup di pohon). \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li1132\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Distribusi Geograf
i \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri875\sb40\sl-552\slmult0\fi710 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
105 Bagian yang paling menarik dari distribusi vertebrata \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex104 terestrial adalah distribusi geografi yang dipengaruhi oleh \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 pemisahan benua (continental drift). Perlu ditekanka
n di sini \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 bahwa Australia, Antartika,Amerika Selatan
dan Afrika bersama\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 sama dengan India merupakan dara
tan yang luas yang terpisah \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 pada Zaman Mesozoic. \p
ar\pard\qj \li1132\ri883\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\fi710 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Bu
rung memiliki kekhususan, karena kemampuannya untuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex104 terbang jauh melintasi lautan. Kemampuan ini mempengaruhi \line \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex100 distribusi burung,misalnya burung egret \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex105 (sej bangau) dapat \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb121\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 melintasi lautan Atlantik dari Afrika hingga ke A
merika \par\pard\ql \li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 4 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\par
d\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkmkend Pg5}\par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-552\slmult
0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri884\sb192\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 selatan,sementara bagi burung yang tak terbang j
auh maka \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 lautan menjadi barier yang effektif
sehingga penyebarannya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 diskontinyu. (lihat peta).
Burung kurang endemik dibandingkan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 mamalia. Daerah
pembiakan burung juga penting dalam \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 distribus
i geografis karena posisi burung yang tidak statis dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
103 ada jenis burung yang bermigrasi pada musim tertentu. \par\pard\ql \li1132\s
b140\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Tata nama ilmiah \par\pard\qj \l
i1132\ri881\sb40\sl-552\slmult0\fi622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Tata nama ilm
iah yang diperkenalkan oleh Lineaus yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dikenal s
ebagai binomial,digunakan secara luas dalam berbagai \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
6 penamaan spesies. Setiap spesies hewan dan tumbuhan \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex100 mempunyai nama internasional yang terdiri atas dua nama latin \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex106 atau nama yang dilatinkan. Pertama adalah nama genus dab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kedua adalah sifat. Misalnya Ty\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\f
s32 to alba \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb160\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
3 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 * \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Tyto\ul0\nosupersub\
cf4\f5\fs32
adalah nama genus burung hantu \par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-36
8\slmult0\fi266\tx2830 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 a
lba\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 adalah nama dike
nal luas yang menunjukan ciri atau\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex99 sifat khusus dari genus \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Tyto
\par\pard\ql \li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pa
\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li60

\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0
\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\s
l-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 5 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\p
ard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg6}{\bkmkend Pg6}\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf4\f5\fs32 Kelas Aves \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb272\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 Aves adalah tetrapoda yang: \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri885\sb214
\sl-560\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 1. Hampir seluruhnya ditutup
i bulu dan kakinya bersisik yang \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 merupaka
n ciri mirip reptil \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri879\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 2. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32
Kepala ditopang oleh leher yang fleksibel dan tengkorak \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 berartikulasi dengan \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 condylus osccipi
tal\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 tunggal \par\pard\ql \li1493\ri879\sb0\sl-550\s
lmult0\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 3.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Otak relatif besar dengan \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs32 corpora striata\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 yang padat \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 (seringkali diasosiasikan dengan tingkah laku insti
ng) \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 neopalium
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 kecil. \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Lobus opticus\ul
0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 corpora trigemina\ul0\nos
upersub\cf4\f5\fs32 ) besar. \par\pard\ql \li1493\ri878\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx185
3\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 4. \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf4\f5\fs32 Rahang
bawah
terdiri
atas
tulang-tulang
yang \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 kompleks,artikulasi antar artikular dan q
uadrat. Terdapat \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs32 auditory ossicle\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 yang disebut \ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs32 collumella auris\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 . \par\pard\qj \li1493\r
i882\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f
6\fs32 5. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Suara yang dihasilkan oleh \ul0\nosupersub
\cf5\f6\fs32 syrinx \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 yang terdapat pada dasar \line\t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 trachea. Larynx rudimenter dan tidak ada pita su
ara. \par\pard\ql \li1493\ri883\sb0\sl-550\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 6. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Tidak m
empunyai gigi,kecuali \u8220?gigi telur\u8221? yang diperlukan \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex101 untuk membantu penetasan. Mempunyai paruh dari zat \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 tanduk menutupi rahang atas dan bawah \pa
r\pard\qj \li1493\ri876\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 7. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Nostril langsung berhub
ungan dengan \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 buccal cavity\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s32 . Tidak \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 berpipi,langit-langit sekunder
tidak ada. \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri883\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 8. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Tungkai
muka bermodifikasi menjadi sayap, sehingga \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex105 burung dapat terbang. Bagian \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \u8220?leng
an\u8221? bermodifikasi \par\pard\qj \li1853\ri879\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex100 menjadi panjang, jari tengah memanjang untuk menyokong \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 bulu terbang. Sebuah jari anterior terpi
sah untuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 menyokong bulu \ul0\nosupersub\cf
5\f6\fs32 alula\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32
yaitu bulu kecil yang merupakan \
line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 bulu penting untuk gerakan aerodinamika. Jari
posterior \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 yang tereduksi menyokong jari tenga
h. Tungkai belakang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 bermodifikasi secara bera

gam untuk berjalan dengan dua \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 kaki di tan
ah,atau burung berenang atau kedua-duanya. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
0 Umumnya mempunyai
mempunyai jari-jari,satu ke arah \line \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex101 belakang (\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 hallux)\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\
f5\fs32 , dan tiga ke arah depan. Gelang bahu dan \par\pard\ql \li6060\sb0\sl-27
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb77\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 6 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pa
rd\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg7}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\qj \li1853\sb0\sl-540\slmul
t0 \par\pard\qj\li1853\ri884\sb214\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 gelang panggul terspesialisasi dengan baik menun
jang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 berat tubuh baik ketika berjalan,maupun terban
g. \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri882\sb20\sl-540\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex100 9. Tulang panjang maupun tulang \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 vertebrae\ul0\
nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 tidak mempunyai \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 epiphise\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 . \ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs32 Vertebrae cervical\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 berbentuk sadel \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 (heterocoel) di \par\pard\qj \li1853\ri884\sb4\sl-560\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bagian tengah sehingga leher dapat bergerak le
luasa; tulang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 belakang sisanya sangat padat \par\par
d\qj \li1399\ri1894\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx1932 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 10.Jan
tung beruang empat. Lengkung aorta kiri tidakada, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex98 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 eritrosit\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 berbe
ntuk bulat dan berinti. \par\pard\ql \li1493\ri877\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx1944\tx1
944 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 11. Tidak mempunyai diafragma. Sistem kantu
ng udara \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 yang
berkembang dengan baik
sangat membantu paru-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 paru untuk mengeda
rkan udara ke seluruh tubuh \par\pard\ql \li1399\ri2280\sb0\sl-553\slmult0\tx19
32\tx1932\tx1932\tx1932\tx1843\tx1932 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 12.Telur besar
dengan kuning telur yang banyak dan \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Dilin
dungi oleh cangkang kapur, fertilisasi internal \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 amnion dan alantois terbentuk selama masa \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 perkembanga. Pengeraman dilakukan oleh salah \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 satu induk atau kedua induknya di dalam sarang \line \tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 Setelah menetas anak-anaknya dipelihara oleh \line \tab \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 induknya. \par\pard\qj \li1399\ri2406\sb0\sl-540\slmul
t0\tx1932 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 13. Suhu badan tetap,umumnya lebih tinggi
dari pada \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 mamalia
yaitu diatas 40 deraj
at Celcius. \par\pard\li2158\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li2158\sb0\sl-368\slmul
t0\par\pard\li2158\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li2158\sb134\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\t
x6526 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 KELAS\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 SUB ORDO
\par\pard\ql \li6555\sb361\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ratitae \p
ar\pard\li2203\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li2203\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li
2203\sb8\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx6518 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Aves\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 Tinamae\par\pard\ql \li6466\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li6466\sb352\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Carinatae \par\pard\ql \
b0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb104\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 7
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft6894\shptop16081\shpright6894\shpbottom16081\shpfhdr0\s
hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz525\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}
{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn li
neWidth}{\sv 9449}}
}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P
g8}{\bkmkend Pg8}\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2033\sb0
\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2033\sb160\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 BURUNG-BURUNG YANG HIDUP DI TANAH \par\pard\qj

\li1132\ri879\sb402\sl-550\slmult0\fi710 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Burung y
ang hidup di tanah umumnya bersifat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
omnivora,mengambil
makanan
di
tanah,dan
umumnya \line \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex105 mempunyai kaki yang kuat untuk mencakar-cakar tanah atau \line \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 untuk menyimpan makanan. Meskipun Tinamae, dan kebany
akan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Galliformes dan Gruiformes dapat terbang
jarak pendek,namun \par\pard\li1132\sb166\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx3145\tx7476\tx996
8 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 biasanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 mereka
menghindari\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 predatornya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex101 dengan\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri878\sb15\sl-553\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex103 berlari,kecuali jenis \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Crane\ul0\nos
upersub\cf4\f5\fs32 yang dapat bermigrasi. Burung-\line \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex106 burung ini biasanya membuat sarang di tanah seadanya dan \line \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex98 menggunakan sedikit bahan-bahan yang ada di tanah. Umumnya
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 terdapat sexual dimorfisma dan induk betina be
rkamuflase untuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 mengerami telur. Induk janta
n sedikit sekali peranannyA dalam \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 pengeraman
telur dan mengasuh anak-naknya. Kondisi ini \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x103 menyebabkan pada umumnya hewan jantan bersifat poligami. \line \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex101 Anak-anak precocial,bulu-bulunya segera mengering setelah \
line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 menetas dan dapat Segera meninggalkan sarang u
ntuk mencari \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 makan, sehingga pengasuhan induk
sangat minimal \par\pard\li3889\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li3889\sb342\sl-368
\slmult0\fi0\tx7552 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Superordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 Ordo\par\pard\qj \li7266\ri2142\sb415\sl-740\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 Struthioniformes \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Rheiformes \par\pard\ql
\li4251\ri2444\sb0\sl-740\slmult0\tx7182 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ratitae---------------- Casuariformes \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Apterygiformes
\par\pard\li1399\sb307\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx4136 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Gr
ound bird\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Tinamae -------------- Tinamiformes\p
ar\pard\li1399\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1399\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\fi5777 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Galliformes\par\pard\li1399\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\fi2755 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Cainatae --------------\par\pard\li1399\sb0\sl-367\slm
ult0\fi5777 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Gruiformes\par\pard\ql \li6060\sb0\sl-27
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb183\sl-276\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 8 \par\pard\sect
\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg9}{\bkmkend Pg9
}\par\pard\ql \li4433\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4433\sb0\sl-368\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li4433\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4433\sb72\sl-368\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 SUPERORDO\par\pard\sect\s
ectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4089\colsr160\colno2\colw3143\colsr160\colno3\colw
4558\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2021\sb194\sl-368\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ratitae\par\pard\ql \li1132\ri0\sb33\sl-551\sl
mult0\tx1493\tx1493 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. sayap tereduksi \line\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bahkan vestigial \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
sehingga tak\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 dapat terbang\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 2. Kaki masif\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri0\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 berotot,merupak \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 an satu-satunya \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 organ gerak\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 3. Bulu rtubuh\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri0\sb32\sl-552\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tersusun secara \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 acak. Bu
lu\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri100\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 saya
p dan ekor \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tidak memiliki\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb152\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 barbulae yang\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1
84\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 saling\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri82\sb
33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mengait,sehing \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 ga tidak\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc

alex97 mempunyai\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 vane\par\pard\ql \li1132\ri0\sb32\sl-552\slmul
t0\tx1493\tx1493 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 4. Ster
num kecil \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan datar tidaak \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 mempunyai\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 median keel\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri46\sb31\sl-551\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau carina,otot \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pectora
l\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tereduksi
.\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Palatu
m\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb183\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 palaeogna
thous\par\pard\column \ql \li4249\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li819\sb194\s
l-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Tinamae\par\pard\ql \li20\ri243\sb33\s
l-551\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. Sayapnya kecil \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan bulat,tetapi \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 dapat\par\pard\ql \li380\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
mendukung\par\pard\qj \li380\ri206\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 terbang dengan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jarak pendek.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri
0\sb2\sl-551\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Kakinya kuat dan \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sering cukup\par\pard\qj \li380\ri0\sb1\sl-552\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang,sebagian \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
besar\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 anggo
tanya\par\pard\qj \li380\ri79\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 me
nghindar dari \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 predator dengan \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 lari daripada\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 terbang\par\pard\ql \li20\ri240\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx
390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Bulu tubuhnya \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 tersusun dalam \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bidang tertentu \li
ne \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (pterylae). Bulu \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 sayapnya\par\pard\ql \li380\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 memiliki\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 baarbulae-\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 barbulae yang\par\pard\ql \li380\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 bersambungan\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 satu sama lain\par\pard\ql \li380\sb183\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 untuk\par\pard\ql \li380\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 menghailkan\par\pard\ql \li380\sb183\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 baling-baling\par\pard\column \ql \li7542\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \
li553\sb194\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Carinatae\par\pard\ql \li
20\ri1123\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 1. sayap berkembang \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan baik untuk \l
ine \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang dan dapat \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 melipat bila tidak \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 digunaka
n.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Kaki\pa
r\pard\ql \li380\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bervariasi,tet
api\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 konstruk
sinya\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1442\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
ringan,umumnya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menghidar dari\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1
494\sb1\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 predator dengan \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 terbang\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1090\sb1\sl-552\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 3. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32
Bulu tubh tersusun \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dalam pola\par\pard\qj
\li380\ri1336\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tertentu,sehingga \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ada daerah\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pteryllae,yang\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1085\sb33\sl-551\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berbeda-beda pada \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
tiap ordo . bulu\par\pard\qj \li380\ri837\sb1\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 sayap dan bulu ekor \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 memiliki \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf5\f6\fs32 interlocking \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 barbulae\ul0\nosupersub\
cf4\f5\fs32 .\par\pard\ql \li20\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 4. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Pada sternum\par\par

d\ql \li380\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terdapat tulang\par
\pard\qj \li380\ri928\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 caroina at
au median \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 keel,tempat\par\pard\ql \li380\sb154\sl-36
8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melekatnya otot\par\pard\ql \li380\sb183\s
l-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb175\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 9
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{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft7439\shptop2328\shpright11212\shpbottom2348\shpfhdr0\sh
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{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft7439\shptop18348\shpright11212\shpbottom18368\shpfhdr0\
shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz1569\shplid18
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{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft11212\shptop18348\shpright11222\shpbottom18357\shpfhdr0
\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz1573\shplid20
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g10}{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4089\colsr160\c
olno2\colw3143\colsr160\colno3\colw4558\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\sb147\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 (Gb). Terdapat\par\pard
\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 penonjolan\par\pard
\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 basipterygoid\par\p
ard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dari tulang\par\
pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cranial dan tl.
\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Vomer\par\
pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 memanjang.\par\
pard\qj \li1132\ri11\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx1493 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. G
elang pectoral \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mempunyai\par\pard\ql \li14
93\sb150\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 clavicula\par\pard\ql \li149
3\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 vestigial atau\par\pard\ql \l
i1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tidak ada.\par\pard\ql \l
i1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Coracoid dan\par\pard\qj
\li1493\ri83\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 scapula berfusi \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hingga\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 membentuk\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 garis yang\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 hampir lurus.\par\pard\ql \li1132\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx
1493\tx1493 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7. Gelang panggul \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 sangat masif. Tl. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ischium
dan\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 illium
tidak\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berf
usi di\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 b
agian posterior \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sehingga tidak \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 membentuk\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri0\sb1\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars

calex97 sciatic foramen. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (Gb)\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri
366\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\tx1493 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8. Vertebra ekor \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tidak berfusi\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sehingga tidak\par\pard\column \ql \li4249\s
b0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4249\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li380\sb
147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang keras,tetapi\par\pard\ql \li
380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bulu ekor\par\pard\ql \li38
0\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 rdireduksi dan\par\pard\qj \l
i380\ri26\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tidak berperanan \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 dalam terbang\par\pard\qj \li20\ri0\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\tx
390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Sternum memiliki \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 sebuah lunas\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 median atau\par\pard\qj \li380\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 carina,tapi ringan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan emarginane \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 mendalam.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri492\sb1\sl-552\slmult0\tx3
90 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Tulang-tulang \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 palatum\par\pard\qj \li380\ri63\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 palaeognathous. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Ada\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl
-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 basipterygoid\par\pard\ql \li380\sb185\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 proses yang\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menonjol dari\par\pard\ql \li380\sb18
4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dinding cranial\par\pard\qj \li20\r
i0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan vomer besar. \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Gelang bahu\par\pard\ql \li380\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 memiliki\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 clavicula yang\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 membentuk\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 furcula bentuk\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \u8220?U\u8221? (tulang\par\pard\qj \li380\ri45\sb33\s
l-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 garpu). Coracoid \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 dan scapula\par\pard\ql \li380\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 bersatu pada\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 sekitar sudut\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 kanan\par\pard\column \ql \li7542\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li7
542\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 5. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Palatum ti
pe\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1178\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 neo
gnathous (Gb). \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Tidak ada\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl
-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 penonjolan\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1159\sb
33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 basypterygoid dari \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 tengkorak.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 6. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Gelang bah
u\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mempunyai\
par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 clavicula ya
ng\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1069\sb31\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ber
fusi membentuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 furcula seperti \u8220?U\u8221?
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau \u8220?Y\u8221?. Coracoid\par\pard\ql \l
i20\ri928\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\fi360\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan s
capula bersatu \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pada sudut kanan. \line \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 7. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s32 Gelang panggul \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ringan,tl. Illium\par\p
ard\ql \li380\sb154\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bersatu dengan\pa
r\pard\qj \li380\ri1317\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ischium
di bagian \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 posterior dan\par\pard\qj \li380\ri945\sb1
\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 membentuk schiatic \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 foramen\par\pard\ql \li20\ri821\sb1\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390\tx390\
tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 8. \ul0\nosupersub
\cf4\f5\fs32 Ujung vertebrae ekor \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bersatu
membentuk \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pygostyle tempat \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melekatnya bulu-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97

bulu ekor. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard
l\li6001\sb234\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\
f2\fs24 10
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}
olno2\colw7851\colsr160\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\s
l-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\sb147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 ada pygostyle\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tetapi pada\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri13\sb33\sl551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ostrich (burung \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 unta) ada\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 pygostyle.\par\pard\column \ql \li4249\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li424
9\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 7. Gelang panggul\par\pard\qj \li380\ri4665\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 ringan. Illium dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ischium tida
k\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bergabung
di\par\pard\qj \li380\ri4967\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pos
terior untuk \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melingkupi\par\pard\ql \li380\sb153\sl368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 foramen\par\pard\qj \li380\ri4718\sb32\s
l-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sciatic,tapi dapat \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 meneriama\par\pard\ql \li380\sb150\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 hubungan\par\pard\qj \li20\ri4735\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 8. Vertebrae caudal \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 termina
l\par\pard\ql \li380\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bergabung\
par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 membentuk\pa
r\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pygostyle.\par
\pard\ql \li20\ri4967\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 9. Ditemukan di \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 amerika tengah \line \ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\qj \li380\ri4840\sb1\sl-551\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 selataan,mexico \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bagian se
latan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Argentina\par\pard\qj \li380\ri4859\sb1\sl-552
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 selayan .Ada 46 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
species dalam 9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 genus\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-3
68\slmult0\tx2995 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Contoh\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 :\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Eudromia \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-27

mult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmu
0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li6001\sb266\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf1\f2\fs24 11
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g12}{\bkmkend Pg12}\par\pard\ql \li3711\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3711\s
l-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3711\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3711\sb160\s
l-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Superordo
Ratitae dan Tinamae \par\pard\ql \li1843\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1843\
sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx5396 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Ratitae terdiri atas
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 5 famili,empat diantaranya hanya \par\pard\
qj \li1132\ri884\sb20\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 mempunyai sat
u genus. Kebanyakan anggotanya terancam \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 kepunah
an karena campur tangan manusia. Kecuali Kiwi yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
berukuran sebesar ayam,anggota Ratitae umumnya betubuh \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex104 besar dengan kaki-kaki yang kuat untuk berlari. Sayap sangat \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex98 tereduksi sehingga tidak dapat terbang, tetapi derajat reduksi
nya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 berbeda pada tiap famili. \par\pard\qj \li1132\r
i881\sb10\sl-550\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Tinamae
adalah
kelompok
yang
kurang
dapat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 diperban
dingkan karena daerah penyebarannya yang sangat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex101 terbatas \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (Amerika selatan \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex101 ). Dibandingkandengan ratitae dan \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri878\sb8
\sl-553\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 carinatae,burung ini agak ptrimitif.
Kemiripannya dengan Ratitae \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 adalah sam-sama
memiliki tipe Palatum \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 palaeognathous\ul0\nosupersub\
cf4\f5\fs32 (lihat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Gb). Sebagai burung yang\
ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 dapat terbang ada kemiri
pan dengan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 carinatae yaitu tulang sternum
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (keel) yang menopang otot \par\pard\ql \li1132\s
b140\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang berkembang dengan baik

\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\
li1132\sb106\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx3817\tx7334 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Supero
rdo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Famili\
par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\fi2131\tx7
069 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Struhioniformes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Struthionidae\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb368\sl-368\sl
mult0\fi2131\tx7068 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Rheiformes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 Rheidae\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb1\sl-368
\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ratitae\par\pard\li1132\sb366\sl-368\sl
mult0\fi5955 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Casuariidae\par\pard\li1132\sb2\sl-368\
slmult0\fi2131 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Casuariformes\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl367\slmult0\fi5955 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Dromaiidae\par\pard\li3269\sb0\sl
-368\slmult0\par\pard\li3269\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li3269\sb2\sl-368\slmul
t0\fi0\tx7054 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Afterygiformes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 Afterygiidae\par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001
\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb272\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 12 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\
paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg13}{\bkmkend Pg13}\par\pard\ql \li6001\
sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb
0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\
sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl
-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-2
76\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \p
ar\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par
\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\p
ard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql\li6001\sb164\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f1\f2\fs24 13 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\landscape\paperw20160\paperh12240\pard\s
b0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg14}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb160\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Ordo ordo ri superordo
Ratitae\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw4918\colsr160\colno2\colw38
13\colsr160\colno3\colw4708\colsr160\colno4\colw6121\colsr160\ql \li880\sb0\sl-3
68\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li880\sb201\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs32 Struthioniformes\par\pard\ql \li1240\sb179\sl-368\sl

mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 1. \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs32 Sayap\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 berkembang\par\pard\ql \li1684\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan baikuntuk\par\pard\ql \li1
684\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ukuran ratitae dan\par\pard
\ql \li1684\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 memiliki 16\par\par
d\ql \li1684\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 primaries. Meski\p
ar\pard\ql \li1684\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tak dapat\pa
r\pard\ql \li1596\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 digunakan unt
uk\par\pard\ql \li1596\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang
namun\par\pard\ql \li1596\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dapat
membantu\par\pard\ql \li1593\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 w
aktu berlari\par\pard\ql \li1240\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 2. Kaki sangat\par\pard\ql \li1600\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 kuat,hanya\par\pard\ql \li1600\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 memiliki dua jari\par\pard\ql \li1600\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 yaitu jari ke III dan\par\pard\ql \li1600\sb183\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 ke IV,jari Ke III\par\pard\column \ql \li5078\sb0\sl-368
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb198\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Rhe
iformes\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. Sa
yap cukup\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 be
rkembang dan\par\pard\qj \li20\ri23\sb33\sl-552\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 memiliki 12 primaries \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2 .Kaki kuat dan\par
\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mempunyai 4 jar
i\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 depan yang
agak\par\pard\qj \li380\ri179\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 p
endek dan masing-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 masing mempunyai \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 cakar.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri78\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 3. Ekor tidak ada. Tidak \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 ada rectrices\par\pard\ql \li376\ri0\sb2\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 Tidak ada symphisis \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pubis,tetapi tulang \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 ischia melengkung ke \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dalam mem
bentuk\par\pard\column \ql \li9041\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb198\s
l-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Casuariformes\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. Sayap sangat tereduksi\par\pard\q
l \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan hanya memiliki 7\p
ar\pard\ql \li740\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 primaries\par
\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Kaki kuatdan
memiliki 3\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
jari maka yang cukup\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 panjang dan bercakar.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 3. Tidak mempunyai\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ekor,tidak ada bulu\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 rectrices\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Tidak mempunyai\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-3
68\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 symphisis pubis dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb
185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 symphisis ischiatic\par\pard\ql \
li736\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Terdiri dari 2 Famyli\par
\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Casuariidae\par
\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 danDrromaidae\p
ar\pard\column \ql \li13899\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb198\sl-368\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Afterigyformes\par\pard\ql \li381\sb184\sl-36
8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. Sayap vestigial dan\par\pard\ql \li741\
sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tertutup\par\pard\ql \li825\sb1
85\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sempurna oleh bulu\par\pard\ql \li
825\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tubuh\par\pard\ql \li825\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sehingga bagian sayap\par\pard\ql
\li381\ri1655\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\fi444 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tampaknya t
idak ada \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Kaki pendek tetapi kuat\par\pard\q
l \li741\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan mempunyai 4 jari.\
par\pard\ql \li741\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Tiga jari de

pan\par\pard\ql \li741\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang,
jari belakang\par\pard\ql \li741\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 pendek dan agak naik.\par\pard\qj \li381\ri1773\sb33\sl-552\slmult0\fi360 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Jari mempunyai cakar. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Tid
ak mempunyai\par\pard\qj \li381\ri1560\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 ekor,tidak ada rectrices. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Tidak ada s
ymphisis \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li9963\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li9963\sb225\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\
f2\fs24 14
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft768\shptop2052\shpright777\shpbottom2062\shpfhdr0\shpbx
page\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz1200\shplid0
}
}}
}
}}
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft777\shptop2052\shpright4603\shpbottom2072\shpfhdr0\shpb
xpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz1204\shplid2
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\landscape\paperw20160\paperh12240\pard\sb0\sl-240{\b
kmkstart Pg15}{\bkmkend Pg15}\par\pard\li1240\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1240
\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1240\sb175\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx5438\tx14620 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 sangat panjang\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 symphisis ishiatic.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pubis m
aupun\par\pard\li1240\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx5078\tx14620 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 dan bercakar,jari\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Angggotanya\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 symphisis ischiatic.\par\pard\li1240\sb184\sl-368\s
lmult0\fi360\tx5438\tx14620 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ke IV agak pendek\tab \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tersebar di padang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ang
gotanya tersebar di\par\pard\li1240\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx5438\tx14620 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan tak bercakar.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 rumb
put\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 New Zealand,tinggi\par\pard\li1240\sb184\sl368\slmult0\fi0\tx5438\tx14620 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Ekor memiliki\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Amerika,terdiri atas 2\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 tubuhnya 0,5 m hingga\par\pard\li1240\sb185\sl-368\slmult0\fi405\tx5438\tx146
20 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lebih dari 60 bulu\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 species dari genera\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1 m\par\pard\li1240\sb184\
sl-368\slmult0\fi405\tx5438\tx14260 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang tersusun\ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang berbeda dengan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 5. Berparuh panjang dan\par\pard\li1240\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi405\tx5438\tx14
620 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berlapis-lapis\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 t
inggi masing-masing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lancip serta\par\pard\li1240
\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi405\tx5438\tx14620 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 daan hany
a 14\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1,5 dan 1 meter\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 fleksibel,sangat unik\par\pard\li1240\sb182\sl-368\slmult0\fi405\tx5434\tx1
4615 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang benar-benar\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 Contoh :\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Contoh \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Ap

teryx \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 (kiwi)\par\pard\li1240\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi
405\tx5438 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 termasuk bulu\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Rhea,\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Pteroinemia\pa
r\pard\ql \li1646\sb178\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ekor (rectric
es). \par\pard\ql \li1240\sb172\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 5. T
l pubis \par\pard\ql \li1646\ri8093\sb34\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 melengkung ke \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 dalam dan \par\pard\ql \li16
46\ri7873\sb0\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bertemu ujungnya \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 membentuk \par\pard\ql \li1646\sb119\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 symphisis pubis, \par\pard\ql \li9963\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql\li9963\sb92\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 15
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\landscape\paperw20160\paperh12240\pard\sb0\sl-240{\b
kmkstart Pg16}{\bkmkend Pg16}\par\pard\ql \li1646\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li1646\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1646\sb160\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 sedangkan \par\pard\ql \li1646\sb19
2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tl.ischia lurus. \par\pard\ql \li12
40\sb172\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Tersebar di \par\pard\ql
\li1600\ri7867\sb40\sl-553\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Afrika,Erab daan
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Siria,merupakan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 burung terbesar di \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 dunia dengan \par\pard\
ql \li1596\ri7967\sb18\sl-540\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tinggi 2,5
meter \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Contoh : \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 St
ruthio \par\pard\ql \li9963\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9963\sb0\sl-276\sl
d\ql\li9963\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9963\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li9963\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9963\sb55\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 16
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
b0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3685\sb160\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Famili dari Ordo Casuariiformes\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6122\colsr160\colno2\colw5818\colsr160\ql \li149
3\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li246
5\sb15\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Casuariidae\par\pard\ql \li149
3\ri353\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. Sayap y
ang tereduksi \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mempunyai 53 primaries \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seperti duri\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri457\sb1\sl551\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. pada kepala terd
apat \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 cascue\ul
0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32
yang berfungsi \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 sebagai pelindung dan \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sekaligus mahkot
a.\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Leher ta
k berbulu dan\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri509\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\fi360\tx1853 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 warnanya sangat indah \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. bulu p
ada yang dewasa \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna hitam\par\pard\ql
\li1493\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Jari sebelah dalam\
par\pard\qj \li1853\ri564\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mempun
yai cakar yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang dan tajam\par\pard\qj \li1493
\ri333\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Anggotannya ters
ebar di \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Queensland,Irian dan\par\pard\ql \
li1853\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sekitarnya.\par\pard\qj
\li1493\ri1011\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Contoh
: Cassowary \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (kasuari)\par\pard\column \ql
\li6282\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6282\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1347\sb15\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Dromaidae\par\pard\ql \l
i20\ri1121\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 1. Sayap yang tereduksi \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 mempunyai lebih dari 7 \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 primaries yang
tak berbeda \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan bulu-bulu lainya \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Pada kepala tidak terdapat \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 cascue,dan leher tertutup \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 oleh bulu-bulu kecil dan \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jarang menutup
i kulit \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna biru pucat\par\pard\qj \
li20\ri2079\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. bulu berwarn
a coklat \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (dewasa)\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1226
\sb1\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Cakar pada jari s
ebelah \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dalam tidak memanjang \line \up0 \e

xpndtw0\charscalex97 5. tersebar di sebagian besar \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 Australia\par\pard\ql \li20\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 6. Contoh :\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Dromaius\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32
(emu) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l
i6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6
1\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb266\sl-276
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 17
}
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}
alex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Ordo-ordo dari superordo Carinatae\par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6295\colsr160\colno2\colw5645\colsr160\ql \li
1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li
2645\sb15\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Galliformes\par\pard\ql \li
1493\ri380\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 1. Ukuran bervariasi dari 13 \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cm hin
gga lebih dari 1 m \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plumage bervariasi,tetap
i \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kontur bulu mempunyai \line \tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 aftershaft yang menonjol. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 Beberapa diantaranya\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb150\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 menunjukkan sexual\par\pard\qj \li1853\ri700\sb33\sl-551\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dimorfisme (kuwau dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 m
erak)\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri647\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 3. Paruh tidak terlalu kuat \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan aga
k melengkung.\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri985\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 4. Kaki kuat,3 jari depan \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 me
mpunyai cakar,jari\par\pard\qj \li1853\ri381\sb2\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 belakang agak kecil dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mencuat ke atas,
kadang-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kadang terdapat jari\par\pard\qj \li14

93\ri523\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 khusus (taji) pada
jantan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Sayap relatif\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb153\s
l-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pendek,dapat terbang\par\pard\ql \li18
53\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 untuk jarak pendek\par\pard\
ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 biasanya hanya untuk
\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menghidari
musuhnya\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri630\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 6. Palatum Shizognathous \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7. Sarang
dibuat di atas \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tanah,ada megapodidae \lin
e \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang menguburkan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb153\sl
-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 telurnya hingga\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1
84\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas,penetasannya\par\pard\colu
mn \ql \li6455\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6455\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\p
ard\ql \li1080\sb15\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Gruiformes\par\pa
rd\ql \li20\ri823\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 1. Anggotanya merupakan \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bu
rung tanah khas yang \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ukurannya merentang
dari \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat kecil (puyuh kancing \line \
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 11 cm) hingga sangat besar \line \tab \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 (crane 1,5 m).\par\pard\ql \li20\sb150\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 2. Bulunya sangat\par\pard\qj \li380\ri965\sb32\sl-552\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beragam,tapi kriptik khas \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 dan berjaringan lepas pada \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beberapa bagiannya.\
par\pard\ql \li20\ri1195\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 3. Paruhnya beragam tapi \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ramping khas
dan tajam. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Kakinya selalu kuat. Pada \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 burung bangau\par\pard\ql \li380\ri1197\sb1\sl-5
51\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 crane,burung limpkin dan \line \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 burung cariama sangat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjan
g,tapi pada burung\par\pard\ql \li380\ri1055\sb1\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 puyuh kancing sangat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pendek. Jari kakiny
a kuat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 khas dan bebas(bercuping \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 dan berselaput pada\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1053\sb1\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 bebebrapa burung air) dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jari
kaki belakangnya\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1017\sb1\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 secara khas direduksi atau \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tak ada.\par\pa
rd\qj \li20\ri1125\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Sayap
agak lemah,bahkan \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ada yang tak dapat\par\
pard\ql \li380\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang,meskipun
ada yang \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li6001\sb266\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f
2\fs24 18
}
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}
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 tergantung pada panas\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri398\
sb32\sl-552\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bumi atau sinar matahari.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8. Anak-anaknya\par\pard\qj \li1853\ri614\sb0\sl-552
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 precocial,dapat mencari \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 makan segera setelah\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 menetas. Pada\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 Megapodidae bahkan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 superprecocial.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\s
lmult0\tx3765 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 9. Ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 Subordo\par\pard\ql \li3805\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 G
alli\par\pard\ql \li1670\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Gallif
ormes\par\pard\ql \li3716\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3716\sb368\sl-368\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ophisthocomi\par\pard\column \ql \li6455\sb0\
sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6455\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li380\sb147
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dapat bermigrasi jarak jauh\par\pard
\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (crane)\par\pard\ql
\li20\ri1073\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx2468 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Palatum Schizognathous \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 7. Membuat sarang di tanah, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 telur 2-4
butir berbintik-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bintik,tetapi ada pula ya
ng \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bertelur lebih dari 16 butir. \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8. Anak yang baru menetas \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 precocial,namun ada yang \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 altric
ial (bustard) dan ada \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang intermediat (k
agu). \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 9. Ordo \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Subordo\par\pard\ql \li2238\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Me
scenatidea\par\pard\ql \li2238\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Turnices\par\pard\ql \li2326\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Gr
ues\par\pard\ql \li192\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 Gruiform
es
Helicornites\par\pard\ql \li2326\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 Heliornites\par\pard\ql \li2326\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 Rhinoceti\par\pard\ql \li2326\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 Eurypigae\par\pard\ql \li2326\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 Cariamae\par\pard\ql \li2326\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 Otides\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5807\colsr160\colno2\c
olw6133\colsr160\ql \li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1221\sb197\sl-368
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Sub Ordo\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb1\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Galli ---------------------------\par\pard\column \ql \li7209\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql \li1262\sb197\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Famili\par\pard
\ql \li20\ri1258\sb63\sl-736\slmult0\fi55 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Megapodida
e --------- Maleo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 Cracida -------------\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Currasow \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex93 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf4\f5\fs32 Tetraonidae ---------Grouse \line \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 Phasianidae------- Merak,ayam \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 Numid
idae ------Guinea Fowl \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Meleagrididae ------ Kalkun\par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-27

6\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li54\sb110\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 19
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\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3638\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3638\sb156
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Familifamili dari sub ordo Galli\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4501\co
lsr160\colno2\colw2911\colsr160\colno3\colw4378\colsr160\ql \li1488\sb0\sl-368\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1488\sb17\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Mega
podidae\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.
Membuat\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sar
ang di\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tana
h,dan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 meman
faatka\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb183\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 n su
mber\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panas
dari\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 luar u
ntuk\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 peneta
san\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 telur.I
nduk\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 betina
tidak\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 meng
erami\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 telur
nya yang\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 be
rukuran\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bes
ar\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri254\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 2. Bulu berwarna \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kriptik\par\pard\ql \
li1853\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (lurik),hanya\par\pard\q
l \li1853\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sedikit\par\pard\ql \
li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 perbedaan\par\pard\ql \l
i1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jantan dan\par\pard\ql \l
i1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 betina.\par\pard\ql \li14
93\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Anak-anak\par\pard\ql \li
1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 superprecocia\par\pard\ql
\li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 l,dapat\par\pard\ql \li
1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang 24\par\pard\ql \li
1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jam setelah\par\pard\ql \l
i1853\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas\par\pard\column \

ql \li4661\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li193\sb17\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 Phasianidae\par\pard\qj \li20\ri418\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx390
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. Sarng dibuat \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 di\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tanah,t
elurny\par\pard\ql \li380\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 a yan
g\par\pard\ql \li380\sb183\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna\p
ar\pard\ql \li380\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kusam\par\par
d\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dierami oleh\par\pa
rd\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induk betina\par\p
ard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau kedua\par\pa
rd\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induknya\par\pard\
ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plumage\par\pard\ql
\li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kriptik atau\par\pard\q
l \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat indah\par\pard\
ql \li380\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 danmencolok\par\pard\
ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pada\par\pard\ql \li3
80\sb183\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jantan,bebera\par\pard\ql \l
i380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pa species\par\pard\ql \li
380\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mempunyai\par\pard\ql \li38
0\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sexual\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1
84\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dimorfism\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang jelas\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan poligami\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Anak yang\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 baru menetas\par\pard\ql \li380\sb18
4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 diasuh oleh\par\pard\ql \li380\sb18
4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induknya\par\pard\ql \li380\sb185\s
l-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau oleh\par\pard\column \ql \li7722\
sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li193\sb17\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 Meleagridide\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1368\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. sarang dibuat di \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 tanah,telur yang \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berbintik dan\par\par
d\qj \li380\ri1030\sb2\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kasar dierami
oleh \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induk betina\par\pard\ql \li20\sb154\sl-368\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plumage\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1315\sb33\sl-55
1\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 umumnya coklat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
tua atau\par\pard\ql \li380\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hi
jau,dengan\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1333\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 sayap daan ekor \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1137\
sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 susunanbulunya \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 jelas. Betina lebih \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil daripada\par\par
d\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang\par\pard\ql \l
i380\sb183\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jantan,dengan\par\pard\qj
\li380\ri1314\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 warna bulu yang \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 agak kusam\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1442\sb0\sl-552\slmult0
\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Anak yang baru \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 menetas\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1297\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 dipelihara oleh \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induk betina dan \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 lambat dapat\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 4. Tersebar di\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1012\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Amerika Utara bag \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 se
latan,terdiri atas \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \
r\pard\ql\li6001\sb48\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf1\f2\fs24 20

}
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}
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 4. terdapat di\par\pard
\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Irian ,Maluku\par\p
ard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\ql
\li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Sulawesi,juga\par\pard\
ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sebagian\par\pard\ql
\li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Australia\par\pard\ql
\li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Contoh :\par\pard\ql
\li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs32 Megapodius,A\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 lectura\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 (maleo),\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Taleg\par\p
ard\ql \li1853\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ala\par\pard\col
umn \ql \li4661\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4661\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql \li380\sb147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf4\f5\fs32 keduanya,lam\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 bat untuk\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 terbang.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 4. Contoh :\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 Gallus\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 (ayam).\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Franc\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 olinus,Phasia\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 nus\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 (Kuau),\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs32 Pavo\par\pard\ql \li380\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
muticus\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 (mera\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 k),\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Argusianu\par\pard\
ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 s argus\par\pard\ql \
li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs
32 (kuau)\par\pard\column \ql \li7722\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li7722\sb
0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li380\sb147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 2 species darui\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 genera yang\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 berbeda\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1047\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 5. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Cont
oh:\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Meleagris\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 , \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (kalkun)\par\pard\ql \li380\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Agriocharis \par\pard\sect\

sectd\sbknone \li1267\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1267\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\
pard\li1267\sb291\sl-368\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf4\f5\fs32 Sub Ordo dari Ordo Gruiformes\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\col
no1\colw6122\colsr160\colno2\colw5818\colsr160\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql \li2553\sb6\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Turnices\par\pa
rd\qj \li1493\ri780\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. An
ggotanya bertubuh \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil dan bulat (11-19\p
ar\pard\ql \li1853\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cm)\par\pard
\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Leher sangat\par
\pard\qj \li1853\ri405\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pendek,se
hingga kepala \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seola-olah melekat\par\pard\qj \li1493
\ri458\sb1\sl-552\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 langsung pada badany
a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Paruh pendek,pipih\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb152\sl
-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 langsing\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri438\sb33
\sl-551\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Kaki pendek tetapi kuat, \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tidak memiliki jari\par\pard\qj \li1853\ri7
06\sb1\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 belakang ( Turnicidae) \line \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau sangat tereduksi\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb152\sl-36
8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan mencuat ke atas\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb
185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (Pedianomus)\par\pard\column \ql
\li6282\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li992\sb6\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 Grues\par\pard\qj \li20\ri819\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 1. Anggotanya bervariasi dalam \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 ukuran (14-1,5 m)\par\pard\ql \li20\ri946\sb1\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Leher panjang dan langsing, \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 bersatu dengan kepala yang \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 mungil\par\pard\ql \li20\ri800\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 3. Paruh umumnya panjang dan \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
lurus,bentuk berbeda untuk \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 setiap famili\
par\pard\ql \li20\ri908\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 4. Kaki sangat kuat,ada \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beb
erapa yang berkaki \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang dan ada pula y
ang \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat pendek,mempunyai 4 \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jari\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1227\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Plumage sangat bervariasi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 6. Anak-anaknya precocial \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb29\sl-276\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 21
}
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g22}{\bkmkend Pg22}\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-36
8\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb175\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx6282 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 5. Plumage umumnya khas\tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 7. Famili : Ralidae\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi720\tx664
2 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna coklat kriptik\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 Ciri-ciri :\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx6642 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 6. Anak-anaknya precoccial\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 a.Uku
ran kecil sampai\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx6997 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 7. Famili Turnicidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sedang (14-5
1\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi720\tx6997 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Ciri-ciri\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cm),tubuhnya agak pipih\par\pard\li113
2\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi1080\tx6642 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 a. tidak mempun
yai\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lateral,berdiri horizontal\par\pard\li1132\s
b184\sl-368\slmult0\fi1440\tx6642 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jari belakang\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan kepala ke depan\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\
slmult0\fi1080\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 b. Tersebar luas di\tab \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 b.Paruh bervariasi baik\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmul
t0\fi1440\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Asia\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 ukuran maupun\par\pard\li1132\sb182\sl-368\slmult0\fi1080\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 c. Ada 15 species dari\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bentuknya,
tetapi umumnya\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi1440\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 2 genus\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna cerah atau putih\
par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi799\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Co
ntoh :\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 c.Plumage sangat\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl
-368\slmult0\fi5869 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bervariasi\par\pard\li1132\sb184
\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs
32 Turnix(\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 puyuh),Ortyxelos\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 Ekor pendek,berbulu\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi799\tx7002 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Famili Pedionomidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lem
but\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi799\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 Ciri-ciri:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Distribusi luas seluruh\par\pard\li
1132\sb185\sl-368\slmult0\fi1080\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 a. jari bela
kang kecil\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dunia,124 species dari 41\par\pard\li
1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi1440\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terduksi\tab

\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 genuis\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi1080\
tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 b. Contoh :\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 C
ontoh :\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi1440\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Pedionomus\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ra
llus,Tryobonix,Gallinula\par\pard\ql \li4342\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4
2\sb286\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 B
urung-burung aquatik \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri877\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\fi355 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Pada umumnya burung aquati
k menggunakan kakinya untuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 berenang,atau
mempunyai kaki yang panjang untuk berjalan di air \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x101 yang memungkinkan mereka untuk mencari makanan di lingkungan \line \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex101 aquatik. Burung Aquatik cenderung dikategorikan ke da
lam tiga \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 kelompok sekalipun batasnya tidak
terlalu tajam. Pertama,adalah \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 burung laut
(marine birds) yang mencari makan di alaut lepas dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex107 kembali ke darat untuk berkembang biak di pulau karang pantai. \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Kedua,adalah kelompok yang terutama mengandalkan
air tawar \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 sebagai sumber makanan dan cender
ung membuat sarang dekat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 sumber makanannya. K
e tiga adalah kelompok burung pantai yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ter
diri dari sub ordo yaitu \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Charadiiformes\ul0\no
supersub\cf9\f10\fs32 . Tidak ada pembagian \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
taxonomi yang jelas diantara burung laut,pantai dan air tawar yang \line \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex104 memisahkan mereka secara ekologis,masing-masing dari berba
gai \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb68\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf1\f2\fs24 22
}
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g23}{\bkmkend Pg23}\par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-365\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\s
b0\sl-365\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri876\sb169\sl-365\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex98 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 ordo burung aquatik dikelompokkan berd
asarkan kategori yang paling \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sesuai dengan anggotan
ya. Tiga kategori yaitu burung pantai,dan air \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 tawar
adalah burung yang sering berada di darat sedangkan burung \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex100 laut lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu di air,kecuali burung penguin \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 yang merupakan kekecualian yang istimewa. \par\pard\ql

\li1754\sb13\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Tidak ada pernyataan um
um yang dapat dibuat tentang paruh \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri879\sb19\sl-554\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 karena rentang makanan yang sangat luas dia
ntara anggota \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 kelompoknya tetapi kaki dan jari
-jari umumnya berselaput dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 berfungsi sebagai d
ayung atau sebagian berkaki panjang, semua \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 burung l
aut mempunyai selaput pada jari-jarinya,begitu pula dengan \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex99 sebagian burung air tawar dan burung pantai,pola alternatif kaki yang \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 memanjang umumnya beradaptasi untuk mencari makan di p
erairan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 yang dangkal seperti burung bangau,kada
ng-kadang ada sedikit \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 selaput diantara jari-jarin
ya \par\pard\ql \li8334\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8334\sb0\sl-368\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql\li8334\sb144\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ordo \par
\pard\li1221\sb193\sl-368\slmult0\fi3111\tx8101 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Buru
ng pantai\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Charadiiformes\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb1\sl-368\slmult
0\fi0\tx8122 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Burung\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Gaviivormes\par\pard\li1221\sb181\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx4330\tx8099 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 Aquatik\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Burung air tawar\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Podicipediformes\par\pard\qj \li8154\ri1892\sb35\sl-540\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ciconiiformes \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x98 Anseriformes \par\pard\ql \li8154\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8154\sb3
55\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Pricelariiformes \par\pard\li4332\
sb187\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx8136 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Burung laut (marine)
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Pelecaniformes\par\pard\ql \li8154\sb177\sl-368
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Spheniciformes \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-27
ar\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb192\sl-276\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 23 \par\pard\sect\sectd\
fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg24}{\bkmkend Pg24}\par
\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\
\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb160\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Burung pantai \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri878\sb
230\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 meny
ukai perairan di darat,tetapi sangat sedikit yang hidup jauh Ordo \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex99 charadiiformes \par\pard\ql \li1493\ri884\sb12\sl-550\slmult0\tx18
53\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 1. 1.Ukuran tubuh bervariasi dari sangat
kecil hingga berukuran \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 besar \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex102 (13-76 cm). Kebanyakan adalah burung pantai atau \line \ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 laut,meskipun beberapa diantaranya dari air. \par
\pard\qj \li1493\ri879\sb19\sl-540\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 2
. bulu umnya kriptik,aatau hitam abu-abu dan putih jarang yang \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna mencolok \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri884\sb20\sl-540\sl
mult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 3. Paruh bervariasi tergantung jenis m
akananya tetapi umumnya \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 cenderung memanja
ng dan runcing. \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri877\sb4\sl-560\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex106 4. kaki berkembang baik dan umumnya berwarna. Jari-jari ada \l

ine\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang berselaput ada yang tidak. \par\pard\ql
\li1493\ri881\sb0\sl-550\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 5. s
ayap umumnya panjang dan runcing serta kuat terbang. Burung \line\tab \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex102 auks (aldidae) menggunakan sayapnya untuk menyelam di air \li
ne \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan juga untuk terbang \par\pard\ql \li1493\
sb150\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Palatum Schizognathous \par\
pard\ql \li1493\ri879\sb42\sl-550\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x101 7. sarang dibuat di tanah atau cela-celah karang seringkali dalam \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 koloni. Jumlah telur umumnya 1-4 bentuknya agak me
runcing. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Berwarna hijau kusam berbintikbintik \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri875\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex98 8. Anaknya precoccial,meskipun pada \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 gull\u
l0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 (camar) dan \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Skua\ul0\n
osupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 anak-\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 anaknya tingg
a di dalam sarang untuk beberapa hari. \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \
r\pard\ql\li6001\sb49\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf1\f2\fs24 24 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl240{\bkmkstart Pg25}{\bkmkend Pg25}\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\
li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb0
\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\sl
mult0\par\pard\li1221\sb349\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx7445 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x98 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Sub ordo\p
ar\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\fi6138 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex98 Charadii\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1
221\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx7483 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Charadiiformmes\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Lari\par\pard\li1221\sb367\sl-368\slmult0\fi6138
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Alcae\par\pard\li1221\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex98 Sub Ordo dari Ordo Charadiiformes\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-3
68\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb9\sl-368\slmult0\fi1891\tx7417 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex98 Charadii\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Lari\par\pard\li1221\sb1\sl-368
\slmult0\fi271\tx5912\tx7920\tx9341 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 1. Anggotanya
bervariasi\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 1. Ukuran\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex98 tubuh\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 umumnya\par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-367\sl
mult0\fi631\tx6272 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 ukurannya dari sangat\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex98 sedang dengan kisaran ukuran\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
cols2\colno1\colw5752\colsr160\colno2\colw6188\colsr160\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 kecil sampai agak besar\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb
2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (13-52cm)\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\s
l-367\slmult0\tx4509 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. .Bentuk\tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 paruh\par\pard\ql \li1853\ri249\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\tx4534 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 bervariasi,kebanyakan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 spesi
es memilki paruh \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 khusus \tab \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 untuk\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4794 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 memangsa\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\qj \li1853\ri
251\sb3\sl-367\slmult0\tx3627 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 mengorek tanah untu
k \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mencari \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 inv
ertebrata\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yan
g terpendam\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri251\sb3\sl-367\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853\tx3228\tx
4425 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 3. Kaki kuat dan panjang \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex99 bahkan sangat panjang. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 T
iga \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jari \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 depan
\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx4029 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bebas
,jari\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 belakang\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri251\sb0\sl367\slmult0\fi360\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tereduksi atau tidak
ada \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 4. Sayap panjang dan \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex103 runcing untuk terbang \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
melayang\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri765\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\tx1848 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 5. Plumage bervariasi, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tetapi um
umnya pola\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kr

iptik kecoklatan di\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 bagian atas dan putih\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 atau agak pucat\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 mendominasi bagian\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bawah.\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 Famili\par\pard\qj \li1848\ri303\sb3\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex89 Jacanidae
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32
Jacanas \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Rostratulidae \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf12\f13\fs32 Rostratula \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\f
s32 Haematopodida\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb5\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Haematopus\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb1\sl-364\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Charadiidae \ul0\
nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Charadrius\par\pard\column \ql \li380\sb1\sl-368\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 20 cm-70 cm\par\pard\
qj \li20\ri1177\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\tx390\tx1590 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 2.
Paruh berbeda diantara ketiga \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 famili \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 yang ada,bentuknya\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-367\
slmult0\tx2496\tx3756 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lurus,kuat\tab \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 dan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bisanya\par\pard\ql \li380\sb2\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367
\slmult0\tx3455 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 3. Kaki\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 umumnya\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3525 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 pendek,biasanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna\par\pard\ql \li380
\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx2951\tx3971 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mencolok,tiga\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jari\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 depan\par\pard\
qj \li380\ri1176\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 berselaput penuh
,jari belakang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 vestigial dan agak naik\par\pard\qj \
li20\ri1176\sb3\sl-367\slmult0\tx390\tx1765\tx3620 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
4. Sayap cukup panjang,tetapi \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cara \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ummnya\par\
pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3277 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melayang\ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lambat,dan\par\pard\ql \li380\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\t
x2355\tx4060 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beberapa\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 spesies\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dapat\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1178\sb0\sl
-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 terbang membumbung dalam \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 angin kecang.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1175\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx390
\tx390\tx390\tx3088 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 5. Plumage umumnya berwarna \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 abu-abu di atas,putih di bagian \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 bawah (atau secara bermusim \line \tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 berwarna \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hitam),tetapi\par\pard
\ql \li380\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 plumage pada skua \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (camar0\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna coklat tua.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1177\sb0\sl-368\sl
mult0\tx390\tx390\tx3245 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 6. Sebagian species berkemb
ang \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 biak di dataran tinggi.dan \lin
e \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 sebagian
lagi \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 merupakan\par\pard\qj \li375\ri2182\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\fi4\tx2289 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 trans-equatorial migrant. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Famili \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Sub Famili\par\pard\ql \li2331\sb1\sl-36
5\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Stercoca\par\pard\ql \li464\sb1\sl-367\slm
ult0\tx2781 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Larinae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Gulls\par\pard\ql \li464\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx2426 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 L
aridae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Sterninae\par\pard\ql \li2509\sb0\sl-367\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Terna \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li60
01\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 25

}
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}
8\slmult0\par\pard\li1848\sb177\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx6267 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex94 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Burhinidae
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32
Burhinus\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Rhynchop
idae\par\pard\ql \li8401\sb0\sl-363\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Skimner
\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li1132\sb237\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf4\f5\fs32 Burung air tawar \par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\qj\li1132\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri875\sb36\sl-552\slmult0\tx
3188 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Terdiri atas \ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 4 ordo,dua diantaranya yaitu GAVIIFORMES dan
\line\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 PODICIPEDIFORMES trgolong burung yang rel
atif primitif. Ordo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ketiga CICONIFORMES ber
ukuran besar dan bentuknya bervariasi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 diantar
anya bangau blekok,ibis dan flamingo. Sebenarnya burung ini \line \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex105 tidak terlalu aquatik,kebanyakan tinggal di tepian air atau di ra
wa-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 rawa,kecuali flaminggo anggotanya sebag
ian besar bersarang di \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 pohon tinggi,dan jau
h dari air,serta harus mengasuh anak-anak yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
0 altricial dan lambat perkembangannya . Flamingo bersarang di tanah \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 dan anaknya precocial. Ordo ke empat adalah Anseriformes
yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 terdiri atas dua famili yang jauh berbe
da seolah-olah berbeda sub \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 ordonya yaitu Anhim
idae yang kebanyakan hidup di daerah rawa,dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99
Anatidae yang penyebaranya sangat luas terdiri atas jenis angsa dan \line \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex108 bebek. Adaptasi radiasi sangat luas terdiri atas jenis an
gsa dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 bebek. Adaptasi radiasi sangat luas y
ang berkaitan dengan jenis \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 makanan,cara mak
an dan habitat. Angsa adalah burung \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
perumput,sedangkan bebek dan itik adalah Omnivora. \par\pard\ql \li1221\sb140\s
l-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ordo \par\pard\li1310\sb0\sl-368\slmul
t0\par\pard\li1310\sb17\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx8442 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ga
viiformes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Gavia\pa
r\pard\li1310\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1310\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx8474 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Podicipediformes\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Itik grebes\par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par

001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb114\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 26
}
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}
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Burung
air tawar \par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb10\sl-368\slmult
0\fi0\tx6463 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ciconiformes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 ibis,bangau,\par\pard\ql \li8690\sb1\sl-351\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 flamingo \par\pard\li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1221\sb17\sl-368\s
lmult0\fi0\tx5953 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anseriformes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 Sceamer, itik,\par\pard\ql \li8690\sb1\sl-346\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 bebek, Angsa \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l

\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb20\
sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 27 \par
\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg28}{\
bkmkend Pg28}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5392\colsr160\colno2\
colw6548\colsr160\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2287\sb24\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Gaviiformes\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx1
982\tx4367 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anggot
anya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 adalah\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\sl-368\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 burung aquatik yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex99 berukuran cukup besar \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (66-95cm),y
ang dapat\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4545 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 menyelam\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 untuk\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb3\
sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 mencari makan yaitu \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 ikan (umumnya)\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx1982\tx459
8 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Plumage\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 rapat\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex104 kompak,bagian
atas \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
sebagian besar hitam \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 dan bagian bawah\p
ar\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 putih\par\pard
\ql \li1493\sb4\sl-368\slmult0\tx1982 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex103 Paruh panjang,besar\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri0\sb0\sl-367\s
lmult0\fi494\tx3163 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan ujungnya runcing \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 4. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Kaki \tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex108 pendek
dan\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx4367 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 letaknya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat\par\pard\ql
\li1987\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx4026 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 poterior\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 sehingga\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4900 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berjalannya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tak\par\p
ard\ql \li1987\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seimbang.tarsi\par
\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 menekan
ke
arah \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 lateral,tiga jari depan \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 berselaput penuh,jari\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\s
l-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 keempat
ke
arah \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 belakang vestigial.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx1982\t
x4790 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Sayap
k
ecil\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\sl-367\slmu
lt0\tx4035 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 runcing.Kuaat terbang \line \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 dan \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 biasanya\par\pard\ql \li19
87\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx4794 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lepaslandas\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 dari\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 permukaan air.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx1982 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 6.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Palatum\par\pard\ql \li
1987\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 schizognathous\par\pard\ql \
li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx1982\tx4456 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 sarang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dibuat\par\pard\ql
\li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seadanya,ditanah\par\par
d\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\tx5137 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 dekat p
ermukaan air \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 biasanya di tepi danau. \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Bertelur biasanya \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
2\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 butir.\par\
pard\ql \li1493\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx1982\tx3335\tx4688 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 anak\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 baru\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4
278 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bersifat
\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\tx4284 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
precocial,dapat segera \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berenang \tab \up0 \exp

ndtw0\charscalex97 setelah\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb1\sl-365\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 menetas,biasanya\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\sl-369\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex110 diasuh oleh kedua \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 indukny
a.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-365\slmult0\tx1982 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 9.\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anggotanya\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb1\sl-368\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 berdistribusi di dataran \line \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex103 tinggi daerah holartik \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 dan
bermigrasi ke\par\pard\qj \li1987\ri0\sb0\sl-369\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex108 daerah laut hangat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 selama musim dingin\
par\pard\column \ql \li5552\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5552\sb0\sl-368\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1175\sb24\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Podi
cipediformes\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2169\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx390\tx3256 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 Famili Podicipedidae \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 anggotanya \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 adalah\p
ar\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 burung aquati
k yang\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 beruku
ran kecil sampai\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3303 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 sedang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (22-60\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\s
l-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 cm),menyelam untuk\par\pard\ql \li8
91\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mencari makanan yang\par\pard\
ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 terdiri atas tumbhan
\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan invertebr
ata.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx896 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2.\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Plumage
mengkilap\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl367\slmult0\tx2393 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seperti\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 satin,dengan\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex101 pola warna hitam,putih\par\pard\ql \li891\sb4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 berselang-seling\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx896 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 sayap tajam berukura
n\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sedang.\par\
pard\ql \li380\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx896\tx2054 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4.\ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kaki\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 pendek
da
n\par\pard\ql \li891\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx3266 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lleta
knya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 posterior,tarsi\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 menekan
ke
arah\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl
-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 lateral. Tiga jari ke\par\pard\ql \
li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 arah
depan
agak\par\
pard\ql \li891\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 berlekuk,dengan c
akar\par\pard\ql \li891\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 gepeng,
jari samping\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
vestigial.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx896 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Sayap pendek dan\par\pard\ql \li891\
sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 bundar,terbang lemah\par\pard\q
l \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 dan sering mendarat.\
par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx2873 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Namun\t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beberapa\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx
3426 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 species\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dapat\p
ar\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bermigrasi;\par
\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx3391 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 danbeberap
a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lainya\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 sepat berkoloni di\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 danau buatan.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367
\slmult0\tx896 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Pa
latum\par\pard\ql \li891\sb4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 schizogn
athous\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx896 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7
.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 sarang dibuat dari\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0
\sl-367\slmult0\tx3535 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bahan-bahan\tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex96 yang\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex105 dapat mengapung di\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx1832\tx3692

\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 air\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 biasanya\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dari\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 ranting-ranting,jumlah\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx3
575 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 telur biasanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 3=-9\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarn
a putih.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx896\tx2261\tx3586 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anak\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex96 yang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 baru\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 menetas precocial,dan\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0
\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 dapat segera berenang\par\pard\ql \l
i891\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 setelah\par\pard\ql \li891\s
b2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas,cenderung\par\pard\ql \li8
91\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 diasuh oleh kedua\par\par
d\ql \li469\sb99\sl-310\slmult0\tx896 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf1\f2\fs24 28\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs3
2 induknya.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-320\slmult0\tx896 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 9.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Contoh : \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Po
diceps \par\pard\qj\pvpg\phpg\posx1493\posy19761\absw2821 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f1
0\fs32 10. Contoh : \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Gavia
}
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}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160
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p{\sn fRecolorFillAsPicture}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fUseShapeAnchor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fL
ine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBe
hindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\shptxt\pard\plain \qj\sl236 \li0\ri0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 menetas,biasanya{\par}}}}
110\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 diasuh oleh kedua{\par}}}}
103\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 iuruknya.{\par}}}}
82\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 19m Aakggotanya{\par}}}}
100\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 berdistribusi di dataran{\par}}}}
103\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 tinggi daerah holartik{\par}}}}
101\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 dluma geermigrasi ke{\par}}}}
97\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 selama musim dingin{\par}}}}
91\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 30P Contoh : \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Gavia{
\par}}}}

97\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 berwarna putih.{\par}}}}
96\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 yang{\par}}}}
97\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 aaru{\par}}}}
101\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 duaetipe precocial,dan{\par}}}}
98\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 bepat segera berenang{\par}}}}
95\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 aetelah{\par}}}}
97\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 bernetas,cenderung{\par}}}}
110\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 diasuh
oleh
kedua{\par}}}}
97\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 induknya.{\par}}}}
102\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 18. anatih : \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Podic
eps{\par}}}}\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg29}{\bkmkend Pg29}\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5392\colsr160\colno2\colw4344\colsr160\colno3\colw2054
\colsr160\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li2287\sb24\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf9\f10\fs32 Gaviiformes\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx4367 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex95 11. Anggotanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 adalah\pa
r\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 burung aquati
k yang\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 beruk
uran cukup besar\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x101 (66-95cm),yang dapat\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4544 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 menyelam\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 untuk\par\pard\ql
\li1987\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 mencari makan yaitu\pa
r\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ikan (umumnya)\
par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4598 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 12. Pl
umage\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 rapat\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 kompak,bagian
atas\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb3\sl
-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 sebagian besar hitam\par\pard\ql \li
1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 dan bagian bawah\par\pa
rd\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 putih\par\pard\ql \
li1493\sb4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 13. Paruh panjang,besar
\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan ujungnya
runcing\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3174 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
94 14. Kaki\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 pendek
dan\par\pard\ql \li1987\s
b2\sl-368\slmult0\tx4367 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 letaknya\tab \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 sangat\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx4026 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 poterior\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sehingga\par\pard\ql \li
1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4900 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berjalannya\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 tak\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 seimbang.tarsi\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex108 menekan
ke
arah\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 lateral,tiga jari depan\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb2\sl368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 berselaput penuh,jari\par\pard\ql \li
1987\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 keempat
ke
arah\par\p
ard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 belakang vestigial
.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx3519\tx4790 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
94 15. Sayap\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 dan\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 runci
ng.Kuaat terbang\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4046 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 dan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 biasanya\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb3
\sl-368\slmult0\tx4794 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lepaslandas\tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 dari\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 permukaan air.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex95 16. Palatum\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 schizognathous\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4456 \up0 \expnd

tw0\charscalex95 17. sarang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dibuat\par\pard\ql \
li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seadanya,ditanah\par\pard\
ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 dekat permukaan air
\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 biasanya di
tepi danau.\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx5148 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex102 Bertelur biasanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2\par\pard\ql \li1987
\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 butir.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb3\s
l-368\slmult0\tx3335\tx4688 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 18. anak\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 yang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 baru\par\pard\ql \li1987\s
b0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4278 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas\tab \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 bersifat\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex101 precocial,dapat segera\par\pard\ql \li1987\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx4295 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berenang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 setelah\par\
pard\ql \li1132\sb93\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ciconiformes\par
\pard\column \ql \li5552\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5552\sb0\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql \li1175\sb24\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Podicip
ediformes\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Famil
i Podicipedidae\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3267 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex96 10. anggotanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 adalah\par\pard\ql \li89
1\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 burung aquatik yang\par\pard
\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 berukuran kecil sampai
\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3303 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sedang
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (22-60\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 cm),menyelam untuk\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mencari makanan yang\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl
-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 terdiri atas tumbhan\par\pard\ql \li
891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan invertebrata.\par\pard\ql
\li380\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx2767 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 11. Plumage\tab \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mengkilap\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx2393
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seperti\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 satin,denga
n\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 pola warna
hitam,putih\par\pard\ql \li891\sb4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 be
rselang-seling\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99
12. sayap tajam berukuran\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 sedang.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx2054 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex95 13. kaki\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 pendek
dan\par\pard\q
l \li891\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx3266 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lletaknya\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 posterior,tarsi\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex108 menekan
ke
arah\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 lateral. Tiga jari ke\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl
-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 arah
depan
agak\par\pard\ql \li8
91\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 berlekuk,dengan cakar\par\par
d\ql \li891\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 gepeng, jari sampi
ng\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 vestigial.\
par\pard\ql \li380\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 14. Sayap p
endek dan\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 b
undar,terbang lemah\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex101 dan sering mendarat.\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx2873 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Namun\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beberapa\par\pard\
ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3426 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 species\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 dapat\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 bermigrasi;\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx3391 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 danbeberapa\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lainya\par\pard
\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 sepat berkoloni d
i\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 danau buatan
.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 15. Palatum\
par\pard\ql \li891\sb4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 schizognathous
\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 16. sarang
dibuat dari\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3535 \up0 \expndtw0\chars

calex97 bahan-bahan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 yang\par\pard\ql \li891\sb3\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 dapat mengapung di\par\pard\ql \li
891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx1832\tx3692 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 air\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 biasanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dari\par\pard\ql \
li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ranting-ranting,jumlah\par\
pard\ql \li891\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx3575 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 telur bi
asanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3=-9\par\pard\ql \li20\sb93\sl-368\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anseriformes\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-273\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 17. Angk\par\pard\column \ql \li10046\sb0\sl-368\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl-368\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl-36
8\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\s
l-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li123\sb138
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ORDO\par\pard\ql \li10046\sb0\sl-368
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li869\sb368\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 S\
par\pard\ql \li639\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 UB\par\pard\ql
\li123\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ORDO\par\pard\ql \li10046
\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li888\sb368\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 F\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 AMIL
I\par\pard\ql \li10077\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10077\sb0\sl-368\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql \li10077\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10077\sb0\sl-368\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql \li10077\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li51\sb1\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ANHIM\par\pard\ql \li655\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 AE\par\pard\qj \li104\ri811\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\tx560 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anhimi \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dae\par\pa
rd\qj \li20\ri812\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\fi155 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anhim \li
ne \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 a\par\pard\ql \li87\ri812\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\fi12
4\tx399 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ANSE \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 RIFOR
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 MES\par\pard\ql \li20\ri811\sb2\sl-367\sl
mult0\fi191\tx562 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ANSE \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex108 RES --\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 -----\par\pard\ql \li175\sb3\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anatid\par\pard\ql \li728\sb0\sl-367\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ae\par\pard\qj \li20\ri812\sb2\sl-369\slmult
0\fi139 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Cygnu \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 s\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5841\co
lsr160\colno2\colw3979\colsr160\colno3\colw1970\colsr160\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-288\s
lmult0\tx4366 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 1. Anggot
anya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 adalah\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-288\slmul
t0\tx2309 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 b\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 ung ya
ng mencari\par\pard\ql \li2457\sb0\sl-288\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
an di daerah rawa\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-307\slmult0\tx3285\tx4974 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 atau\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tepian\tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex96 air\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri341\sb00\sl-367\slmult0\fi360\tx3840 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 berukuran 28 - 140 cm . \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x98 2. P \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bervariasi,\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl
-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex84 diasanya
belrtek sturangat \par\pard\qj\pvpg\phpg\posx1853\posy19485\absw1254 longgar.\p
ar\pard\qj\pvpg\phpg\posx2066\posy19852\absw3363\absh-308 aruh\par\pard\qj\pvpg\
phpg\posx3660\posy19852\absw1769\absh-308 umummnya\par\pard\column \ql \li1039\s
b0\sl-288\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 gotanya terdiri \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 tas\par\pard\ql \li1920\sb0\sl-288\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
3 yang sangat\par\pard\ql \li826\sb0\sl-288\slmult0\tx3102 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 rbeda\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yaitu\par\pard\ql \li649\sb1\sl-307
\slmult0\tx3084 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 nhimidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex96 yang\par\pard\ql \li932\sb00\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 uk
uran besar dan\par\pard\ql \li471\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
102 tinggal di daerah rawa\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-317\slmult0\tx476\tx725 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 29\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 (\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 70 - 90

cm ) , dan \par\pard\qj\pvpg\phpg\posx7145\posy19485\absw2705 dae\par\pard\qj\p
vpg\phpg\posx9061\posy19485\absw790 yang\par\pard\qj\pvpg\phpg\posx6452\posy1985
2\absw3400\absh-308 berukuran\par\pard\ql \li8155\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l \li2174\sb105\sl-368\slmult0\tx2802\tx3244 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 29\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 -\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 152\par\pard\colu
mn \ql \li20\sb103\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
12\f13\fs32 (angsa\par\pard\ql \li893\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex96 )
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}

}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}

}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}

}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}

}
alex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Anas \par\pard\ql \li9054\sb1\sl-358\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Aix \par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\l
i1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\
sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slm
ult0\par\pard\li1132\sb16\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx6233\tx8774 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex98 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 ORDO SUB ORDO\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex98 FAMILI\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Contoh\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\sl
mult0\par\pard\li1132\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\fi1440\tx6197\tx8722 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex98 ARDEAE\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Ardeidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex98 ibis putih\par\pard\li1132\sb367\sl-368\slmult0\fi1440\tx5878 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex98 BALAENICIPITES\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Balaencipitid
ae \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Balaeniceps\par\pard\ql \li4013\sb1\sl-355\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 : \par\pard\li11
32\sb14\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx6092 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 CICONIIFORMESCicon
iidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 bangau\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\
fi2880 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 :-- CICONIAE ---------:-- Scopidae
\ul0\
nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Scopus\par\pard\li1132\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\fi2880\tx67
07 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 :\tab \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex96 :-- Threskior -\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\fi2880\tx7249
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 :\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 nithidae\par\pard\
ql \li4013\ri4068\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 : \line \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex98 : \par\pard\ql \li4013\ri1927\sb0\sl-360\slmult0\tx8334 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 :-- PHOENICOPTERI---- Phoenicoteridae \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex98 Flamingo \par\pard\ql \li4901\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\par
sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4901\sb347\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 BURUNG LAUT \par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-366\slm
ult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri882\sb8\sl-366\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Beberapa jenis Carinatae beradaptasi penuh deng
an kehidupan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 laut , jarang pergi kedarat kecu
ali untuk berkembang biak. Ciri khas \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 burung la
ut termasuk pinguin , berkembang biak secara berkelompok \line \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex100 di daerah pantai yang terpencil atau pulau - pulau kecil di mana \pa
r\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par
\pard\ql\li6001\sb197\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf1\f2\fs24 30 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl240{\bkmkstart Pg31}{\bkmkend Pg31}\par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-370\slmult0 \par\
pard\qj\li1132\sb0\sl-370\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri881\sb155\sl-370\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 mereka dapat membuat s
arang dengan tenang , bebas dari predator . \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Dalam ke
lompok ini terdapat ordo yang merupakan burung laut sejati \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex100 yaitu Ordo \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Procellariiformes \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 ( atau Tubinares \up0 \expndtw0\c

harscalex100 ) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 , ordo yang \par\pard\qj \li1132\r
i883\sb0\sl-370\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 cenderung secara progresi
f menjadi burung air tawar yaitu ordo \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Pelecaniformes\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 , dan ordo yang
terdiri atas pinguin yang sangat di \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 vergen yaitu
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Sphenisciformes . \par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-345\s
lmult0\tx8901\tx11008 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32
Procellariiformes terdiri atas burung Albatros \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x99 , shearwater \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 , \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri878\
sb18\sl-366\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 storm- petrel , dan diving - pe
trel dan semuanya merupakan burung \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 laut se
jati \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 . Mempunyai hidung tabung yang unik yang
terletak \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sepanjang mandibula yang terpisah
atau bersatu membentuk tabung \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 tunggal , karen
a itulah ordo ini dinamai pila \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Tubinares \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf9\f10\fs32 yang berarti \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80 \u8215? \par\pard\ql
\li1132\sb0\sl-359\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex93 Hidung Tabung \u8215? . \
par\pard\qj \li1132\ri879\sb16\sl-366\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
Pelecaniformes jarang berada di laut . Dua dari tiga sub ordo \line \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex101 hanya mempunyai satu famili yang benar - benar burung laut ,
yaitu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8215?tropic - birds \u8215? dan frig
ate - birds \u8216? . Sub ordo ketiga terdiri atas satu \line \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 burung laut sejati yaitu \u8215? gannets , sedangkan Cormorant dan pe
likan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 mewakili burung laut dan burung air taw
ar . Famili keempat yaitu \u8215? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 darter \u821
5? hanya ditemukan di perairan darat . Pelecaniformes memiliki \line \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex100 ciri khas yaitu satu \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 -satunya bur
ung yang jari kakinya berselaput \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb13\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 penuh yang mempersatukan jari belakang dengan tiga jari de
pan . \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri719\sb0\sl-366\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex98 Burung yang sangat khusus sebagai burung laut adalah pinguin . \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex98 Sphenisciformes yang kadang - kadang dianggap sebagai sup
er ordo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 terpisah . Spheniscae atau Impenhes .
berarti \u8213? Tanpa Bulu Terbang \u8213? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 .
Tungkai muka bermodifikasi menjadi seperti dayung pipih dan tak \line \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex109 dapat di lipat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 . Mereka dapat be
renang cepat mencari makanan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 berupa ikan atau
kerang
di darat mereka
berjalan agak tegak \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 melintasi lapisan es membeku atau meluncur dengan perutnya. \par\pard\qj \li
1132\ri881\sb13\sl-360\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Burung laut ta
k dapat menghindar dari penyerapan garam dari \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
air laut yang bertolak belakang dengan masalah fisiologi untuk \par\par
d\li1132\sb13\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx7620 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 mempertahan
kan keseimbangan osmotik\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 . Banyak burung l
aut\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 mengatas
i masalah ini dengan modifikasi kelenjar lacrimal untuk\par\pard\li1132\s
b1\sl-368\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 mengeluarkan kelebihan garam
melalui lubang hidung .\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4554\colsr1
60\colno2\colw3482\colsr160\colno3\colw3754\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb284\sl-368\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Precellariiformes\par\pard\ql \li1132\ri0\sb32\
sl-552\slmult0\tx1399\tx1399\tx1399\tx1399\tx1399 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.
Anggotanyabervariasi \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ukurannya dari yang
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 kecil ( storm - petrels \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 sampai yang sangat \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 besar ( albatross ) . \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 Merupakan
burung\par\pard\column \ql \li4714\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4714\sb0\
sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4714\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4714\sb0\
sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb287\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex

97 Pelecaniforme\par\pard\ql \li20\ri0\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 1.Anggotanyaberukuran \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 besar hingga
s
angat \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 besar \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91 ,
akuatik\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex88 pen
uh
dan\par\pard\qj \li380\ri151\sb2\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 makanannya hitam \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2.Plumage bervari -\line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 asi , tetapi
ketiga\par\pard\qj \li380\ri260\sb
2\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 famili
umumnnya \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex94 didominasi
oleh\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 warna hitam yang\par\pard\column \ql \li8346\sb0\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql \li8346\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8346\sb0\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql \li8346\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb287\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Sphenisciformes\par\pard\ql \li20\ri784\sb2\sl-3
67\slmult0\tx297\tx1845 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.Berukuran kecil \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hingga \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat\par\p
ard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 be-\par\pard\qj \li2
87\ri784\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\tx1934 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sar yang naik ke
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 darat \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hanya\p
ar\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 untuk\par\pard\q
l \li20\ri782\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\fi267\tx297 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berkemb
ang biak \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 tidak dapat terba \line \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex96 -\par\pard\ql \li287\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 ng . \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li6001\sb173\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf1\f2\fs24 31
}
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}
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 laut sejati yang nai
k\par\pard\qj \li1399\ri178\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ke d
arat hanya untuk \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berkembang biak .\par\pard\ql \li1
132\ri194\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\tx1399\tx1399\tx1399 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2.
Plumage didomonasi \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 warna
hitam , puti
h \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 kelabu , atau
coklat \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tua .\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex93 3.Paruh
kuat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 , agak\par\par
d\qj \li1399\ri213\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melengkung d
an ter-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 diri
atas
keping -\line \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex92 keping
zat
tanduk ,\par\pard\qj \li1399\ri266\sb1\sl-5
52\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 membentuk
hidung \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 tabung yang terpisah \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau bersatu .\par\pard\
ql \li1132\ri211\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\tx1399\tx1399\tx1399\tx1399\tx1399 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex92 4.Kaki
pendek
dan \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94
letaknya
di tengah . \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex88 Kaki
me
mpunyai \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tiga Jari berselaput . \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 Hallux
vestigial atau \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 tidak ada .\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri231\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\tx1399 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 5.Sayap
panjang dan \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 lancip \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex93 , kuat
untuk\par\pard\qj \li1399\r
i159\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\tx2537 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 terbang
jauh , te
tapi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 storm \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 petrels\par\pard\qj \li1399\ri302\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex91 mempunyai
sayap \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91 pendek
dan
agak \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 membulat .\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6.Palatum\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 schizognathous .\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri392\sb32\sl-552\
slmult0\tx1399\tx2981 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 7.Albatros
membuat \line\t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sarang \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan\pa
r\pard\column \ql \li4981\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4981\sb0\sl-368\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql \li113\sb149\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 lainny
a
berwarna\par\pard\qj \li113\ri309\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex100 sama dengan sa -\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yap hitam .\par\pard\q
j \li113\ri43\sb2\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.Paruh besar hing
-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91 ga
sangat
besar \line \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 tetapi setiap famili \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91 memiliki
bentuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 paruh yang berbe-\line \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 da .\par\pard\ql \li113\ri28\sb2\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex94 4.Kaki pendek
dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 letaknya aga
k
ke \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 belakang . empat \line \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 jari disatukan oleh \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 selaput ,
Hallux \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 juga
dipersatukan \line \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex91 oleh
selaput
jari \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 ya
ng tidak terda -\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91 pat
pada
burung \line \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 aktuatik lainnya . \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex89
5.Sayap
panjang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 dan
lancip , kuat
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 untuk terbang .\par\pard\ql \li113\sb2\sl-368
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6.Palatum\par\pard\ql \li113\ri27\sb0\sl-36
8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 desmognathous. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 7.Sarang berukuran \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 besar
terbuat da
ri \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ranting pepohonan \line \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex87 dibuat
di
atas \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 pohon .
be
berapa \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 diantaranya mem-\line \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 buat sarang di atas \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 tanah . Bertel
ur 1 -\par\pard\ql \li833\sb1\sl-365\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex93 butir
berwarna\par\pard\ql \li113\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bir
u pucat .\par\pard\qj \li113\ri204\sb3\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
00 8.Anak - anaknya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 altricial \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 . waktu\par\pard\qj \li20\ri221\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\fi93\tx123\tx123\tx1
23 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas tidak ber-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 bulu atau berbulu \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ,cenderung di
asuh \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 oleh kedua induk-\line \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 nya .\par\pard\column \ql \li8346\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l \li8346\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb149\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex102 2.Plumage
hitam\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 di\par\pard\qj \li20\ri784\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\fi267 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex101 atas ,
putih di \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 s
e-\par\pard\ql \li287\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx1875 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bela
h\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bawah\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kada-\par\pard\ql \li287\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx961\tx176
8 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ng\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 -\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 kadang\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 ada\par\pard\ql \li289\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
6 yang\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berbeda\
par\pard\qj \li20\ri784\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\fi267 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 wa
rna di leher \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau\par\pard\qj \li287\ri799\sb2\sl367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 di bagian kepala \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 pada\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beb
erapa\par\pard\ql \li287\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 spesies
.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx1485 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.Bulu
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 bulu\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil\par\pard\ql \li287\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 mengkilap\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\qj \li20\ri783\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\fi267\tx1755 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex87 sangat
rapat . \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 4.Paruh \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pendek\par\pard\ql \li287\sb2\sl-368\
slmult0\tx2122 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 t
ebal\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hingga\par
\pard\ql \li287\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx1679 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 agak\tab \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang\par\pard\ql \li8346\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\p
ard\ql \li287\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melengkung\par\pard
\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\ql \li287\
sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lancip .\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl
-367\slmult0\tx2725 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 5.Kaki pendek\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 ,\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 kuat\par\pard\qj \li287\ri1050\sb3\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex8
7 dan
letaknya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\
sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 posterior\par\pard\qj \li287\ri782\sb
3\sl-367\slmult0\tx1934 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 sehingga
dapat \line \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berdiri \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tegak.\par\par
d\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Tiga\par\pard\ql \li28
7\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx2035 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jari\tab \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 muka\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 berse-\par\pard\qj \li287\ri1067\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 laput dan hallux \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tereduksi\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6.Sayap\par\pard\ql \li287\sb1\sl-367
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bermodifikasi\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1051\sb0\
sl-369\slmult0\fi267 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menjadi dayung \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 7.Palatum\par\pard\ql \li287\sb1\sl-365\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 desmognatus\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 8.Sarang di atas \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb173\sl-276\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 32
}
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}
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 mencakar \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 cakar
\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2460 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tan
ah\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex92 ,
anggota\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368
\slmult0\tx3027 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lainnya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 dengan\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91
membuat
lubang\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 untuk sarangnya .\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 Semuanya\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex91 berkembang
biak\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 secara berkoloni dan\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bertelur hanya sebutir\par\pard\ql \li1402\
sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang relatif besar jika\par\par
d\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dibandingkan denga
n\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ukuran tu
buhnya .\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2479 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 8.Anak\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 anaknya\par\pard\ql \li1399\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 altricial .\par\pard\column \ql \
li8613\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8613\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \
li287\sb149\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tanah atau dalam\par\pard
\ql \li287\ri943\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lubang.Biasanya
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bertelur 2 butir \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 berwarna hijau\par\pard\ql \li287\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 muda. Pada\par\pard\ql \li287\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Aptenodytes\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 tidak\par\pard\ql \l
i20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ada\par\pard\ql \li20\ri782\s
b0\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sarang,bertelur \line \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex111 hanya satu butir \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dan dibawa pa
da \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kakinya\par\pard\qj \li20\ri785\sb2\sl-367\slmult
0\tx1098 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 9.Anaknya altricial \line \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 10. \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anggotanya\par\pard\ql \li20\ri7
83\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 hidup di belahan \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 bumi selatan
di \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
bagian yang lebih \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dingin,meskipun \line \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ada species yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
ditemukan di p. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Galapagos\par\pard\ql \li8
346\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\tx2729 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 Contoh\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 :\par\pard\qj \li20\ri784
\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Pygocelis,Eudyptes \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 Aptenodytes,\par\pard\ql \li20\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 Spheniscus\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7620\colsr1
60\colno2\colw4320\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\s
b0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\s
b193\sl-368\slmult0\tx4857 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 Famili\par\pard\ql \li4510\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 :--Diomediidae\par\pard\ql \li4510\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 :--Procelariidae\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx4502 \up0 \exp

ndtw0\charscalex97 Procelariiformes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 :--Hydrobati
dae\par\pard\ql \li4510\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 :--Peleca
noididae\par\pard\column \ql \li7780\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li7780\sb0
\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li7780\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li87\sb193
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 contoh\par\pard\ql \li72\sb1\sl-367\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Albatros\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2162\sb0\sl-368
\slmult0\fi52 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Shear water \line \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 Storm-petrels \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Diving-petrels \par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult
0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard
\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb365\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx3442\tx580
8\tx8260 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Sub or
do\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Famili\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Contoh
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi2311\tx8298 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex96 Phaethonte
Paethontidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
6 tropic bird\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi4354\tx
8298 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Pelecaniidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 pe
likan\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi4354\tx8334 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Sulidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 gannets\par\par
d\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx8286 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex96 Pelecaniformes Pelecani Palacroco racidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x96 cormorants\par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb256\
sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 33
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
8\slmult0\par\pard\li3355\sb163\sl-368\slmult0\fi2131\tx8247 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Anhingidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Anhinga\par\pard\li3355\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\
tx5524\tx8211 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Fregate\t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Fregatidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Frigat
e birds\par\pard\ql \li4848\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4848\sb0\sl-368\sl

-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4848\sb177\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Burung Arboreal \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri875\sb222\s
l-550\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Bu
rung arboreal banyak sudah dikenali,meski tak kurang dari 16 \line \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex102 species telah musnah. Umumnya berwarna cerah atau mempunyai \lin
e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 bulu-bulu dengan susunan warna yang mencolok. Keba
nyakan famili \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 burung ini mempunyai kebiasa
an
makan yang khusus,kadang-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 kadang memil
iki paruh yang kuat dan berwarna cerah.Makanannya \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb165\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 34 \par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg35}{\bkm
kend Pg35}\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0
\par\pard\li1132\sb163\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx4862 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 terutama terdiri atas\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
101 hewan-hewan,insekta,ikan-ikan dan pada\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri883\sb17\sl-5
53\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 burung rangkong makanannya omnivora.
Paruh yang kuat ini \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 digunakan juga untuk mem
buat lubang untuk bersarang di \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 pohon,menggali s
arang rayap di tanah,atau menggali tanah untuk \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melet
akkan telur-telurnya. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri880\sb9\sl-551\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex99 Plumage burung ini sangt bergam dalam kaitannya denga resp
on \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 terhadap kebutuhan yang bertolak belakang menghi
ndari predator \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 dan menarik perhatian speiesnya.
Masalah ini tidak selalu oleh \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 adanya \ul0\nosu
persub\cf12\f13\fs32 sexual dimorphism\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 . Burung
betina mudah diserang oleh \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 predator ketika sedang
mengeram dimana warna bulu criptik. Burung \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 jantan
berwarna mencolok untuk menarik pasangannya dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
8 menandai daerah teritorialnya. Karena burung-burung ini bersarang di \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex105 lubang pohon,maka warna buring beyina yang tidak menarik bag
i \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 laeawn jenisnya tidak terlalu berarti. Mayoritas
warna pada burung \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jantan dan betina memang sangat be
rbeda. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri877\sb10\sl-550\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex100 Burung arboreal terdiri atas tiga ordo yaitu \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs3
2 Coraciifoemes \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99
terdiri atas jenis-jenis burung \u8213?raja udang\u8214?,rangkong,pemakan lebah
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 dan :roller\u8214? yang tersebar luas di dunia lama
,sdan hanya raja udang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 yang juga tersebar di dunia
baru. Ordo \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Trogoniformes\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32
mempunyai \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 warna bulu yang sangat menarik tersebar
luas di daerah tropika dunia \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 lama maupun dunia baru
. Ordo \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Piciformes\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 terse
bar luas di seluruh \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 dunia kecuali Madagaskar dan Au
stralasia \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1132\sb153\sl-3
68\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ordo Coraciiformes \par\pard\ql \li1132\s
b192\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Adalah carinatae yang : \par\par
d\qj \li1493\ri886\sb50\sl-540\slmult0\tx2033 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 1. S
emua anggotanya bersifat arboreal,ukurannya bervariasi dari \line\tab \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex102 sangat kecil hingga besar (10-160 cm). \par\pard\qj \li1493\r

i885\sb20\sl-540\slmult0\tx2033 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 2. Plumage berwarn
a cerah,meskipun ada diantaranya berwana \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
hitam putih.hanya sedikit yang berwarna suram \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri884\sb4\sl560\slmult0\tx2033 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 3. Paruh kuat dan berwarna cera
h,tetapi berbeda dalam bentuk \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan ukuran p
ada setiap sub ordo. \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 35 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\pa
perh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg36}{\bkmkend Pg36}\par\pard\qj \li1493\sb
0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1493\ri877\sb214\sl-540\slmult0\tx2033 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 4. Kaki umumnya pendek dan lema
h. Beberapa famili memiliki jari \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 yang syn
dactylous \par\pard\qj \li1493\ri882\sb20\sl-540\slmult0\tx2033 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex106 5. Sayap bervariasi bentuknya tetapi mempunyai pola terbang \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang khas \par\pard\ql \li3574\sb0\sl-368\slmult
-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3574\sb263\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Burung yang bertengger \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri877\
sb220\sl-552\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\
fs32 Ordo yang dikelompokan sebagai burung yang bertengger terdiri \line \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex98 atas \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 burung pemangsa\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf9\f10\fs32 ,dan seri dari \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 burung arboreal\ul0
\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 ,yang berkisar \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 dari
jenis-jenis merpati hingga burung pelatuk dan passerines. Di \line \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex100 samping itu juga termasuk jenis burung \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s32 aerial feeders\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 atau burung \line \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex99 pemakan di udara yang terdiri atas burung layang-layang dan burun
g \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 cabak yang sebenarnya paradoks dengan sebut
an sebagai burung \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb
0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb244\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 36 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\pap
erh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg37}{\bkmkend Pg37}\par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0
\sl-546\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri877\sb203\sl-546\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 yang bertengger. Burung layang-layang m
emiliki kaki-kaki yang kecil \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 sehingga tak mungkin be
rtengger,sedangkan burung cabak (\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 night jars \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 ) \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs3
2 akan mudah terlihat oleh musuh bila bertengger karena warna bulu \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex101 yang kriptik. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri879\sb9\sl-553\slmult0\fi53
3 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Di lain pihak,sebenarnya \u8213?bertengger\u8214?
bukan kemampuan yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 hanya dimiliki oleh ordo
ini,sebab burung-burung yang berjalan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 maupun bur
ung akuatik juga mempunyai kemampuan bertengger. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Na
mun demikian sebagian besar burung yang termasuk ordo ini \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex100 biasanya hidup bertengger,melakukan perkawinan di pohon atau \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex100 perdu,dan dengan cara ini mereka dapat menghindari predat

or yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 tak dapat memanjat. \par\pard\qj \li5309\ri
4061\sb542\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Burung pemangsa \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex98 Burung arboreal \par\pard\li1132\sb151\sl-368\slmult0\fi
0\tx5307 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Burung bertengger\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 Burung pencari makan di udara\par\pard\ql \li5309\sb180\sl-368\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Passerines \par\pard\ql \li4707\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \pa
li4707\sb264\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s32 Burung Pemangsa \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri880\sb220\sl-553\slmult0\fi444 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Burung pemangsa memiliki kom
binasi terbang,kaki yang dapat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 digunakan untu
k memegang mangsa dan paruh yang khas sehingga \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
7 merupakan burung yang mampu menguasai sebagian besar \line \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex106 lingkungan dengan rentang makanan yang luas. Sebagian besar \lin
e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 burung pemangsa memakan makanan yang berenergi ti
nggi yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 berasal dari daging vertebrata.
Dua ordo burung pemangsa \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 merupakan karnivo
ra puncak dalam rantai makanan. Burung predator \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb64\sl-276\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 37 \par\pard\s
ect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg38}{\bkmkend
Pg38}\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par
\pard\li1132\sb163\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx2156\tx3658\tx4969\tx8642\tx10448 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 ini\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 terdiri\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atas\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Falconiformes\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 ,yang\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 meliputi\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jenis\p
ar\pard\qj \li1132\ri877\sb11\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 elang,
falcon,rajawali,dan predator nokturnal yaitu \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Strigif
ormes \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 meliputi je
nis-jenis burung hantu. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri717\sb0\sl-552\slmult0\fi444 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Kedua ordo ini sebenarnya tidak berkerabat,namun karena
memilki \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 kesamaan ekologi maka mereka memiliki
tingkat konvergensi sebagai \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 burung predator.
Kedua kelomok ini memiliki kaki yang kuat yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99
dilengkapi oleh cakar kuat untuk membunuh mangsa dan paruh yang \line \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex104 melengkung yang beradaptasi untuk merobek daging. Akan tetap
i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 mereka memilki perbedaan lokaksi pebcarian m
angsa. Falconiformes \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 yang diurnal mempuny
ai penglihatan yang yang sangat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 tajam
,sedangkan Strigi formes yang nocturnal memilii pendengaran \line \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex106 yang sangat tajam untuk mendeteksi mangsanya. Di samping itu \lin
e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 meeka juga memilki kemampuan terbang yang tidak m
enimbulkan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 suara karena mempunyai susunan
bulu terbang khusus. Burung \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 hantu mempuny
ai mata besar yang beradaptasi dengan keadaan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
gelap dan penglihatan binokuler untuk melengkapi kemampuan \line \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex93 terbang \u8213?sunyi\u8214? dan pendengaran binaural. \par\p
ard\qj \li1132\ri880\sb0\sl-553\slmult0\fi622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Preda
tor diurnal mempunyai rentang radiasai adaptif yang lebih \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex101 luas daripada burung hantu,termasuk bentuk yang sangat berbeda \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex100 seperty burung secretary dan burung pemakan bangkai.
Burung \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 secretary
mampu menangkap ular berbisa d
engan kakinya yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 panjang dengansekali sergap. Bur
ung pemakanh ikan yaitu famili \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Accipitridae mempun
yai sisisk-sisik tajam pada kakinya untuk \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mence

ngkeram mangsanya yang bertubuh licin. \par\pard\ql \li1754\sb135\sl-368\slmult0
\tx6044 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Burung pemakan bangkai \tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 (vulture\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs
32 ) umumnya tidak memiliki \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri883\sb42\sl-550\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 bulu kepala karena kebiasaan makannya,mereka biasa meng
gunakn \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 kepala mengambil daging-daging tersisa
di bagian dalam sisa tubuh \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 hewan yang mulai
membusuk. Beberapa jenis burung ini terdapat di \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
05 daerah yang agak hangat di dunia lama maupun dunia baru yang \line \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex106 berasal dari dunia baru adalah famili Catharidae yang terdiri
atas \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 beberapa sub ordo. Burung pemakan
bangkai dari dunia lama \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 tergolong famili
Accipitridae. Falcon dan kerabatnya yang memiliki \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-2
76\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb261\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 38 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh201
60\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg39}{\bkmkend Pg39}\par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-54
0\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri885\sb214\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 bentuk sayap dan kebiasan terbang yang berbed
a tergolong famili \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Falconidae. \par\pard\ql \li1132\
ri878\sb11\sl-551\slmult0\fi533\tx1666 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Strigiformes
mempunyai mentuk yang lebih seragam meskipun \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbag
i atas dua famili yaitu \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Tytonidae \ul0\nosupersub\cf
9\f10\fs32 dan \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Strigidae\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32
. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Kedua ordo predator ini menunjukkan r
entang ukuran tubuh dari \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 yang sangat kecil ya
ng ummnya insectivor hngga yang berukuran \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 besar y
ang memangsa vertebrata. Meskipun demukian \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 eagle o
wls \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 ,yaitu strigiformes
yang terbesar ukurannya jauh lebih kecil dari elang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
03 diurnal,yangbbeberapa diantaranya dapat memangsa monyet \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 sebagaisumber makannya. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri878\sb9\sl-552\slm
ult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Burung hantu adalah burung yang tak
bermigrasi,sedangkan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 elang dan accipiter
adalah migran jarak ajuh,bebberapa species \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
05 bahkan dapat bermigrasi dari belahan bumi utara ke belahn bumi \line \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex103 selatan. Beberapa spesies yang tak berkeranbat,dapat
terbang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 membumbung sambil mengincar mangsa
dengan kemampun \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 penglihatan
yang tajam,
untuk mendeteksi mangsa. Burung yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 bertubu
besar menggunakan panas tubuh untuk terbang berputar \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex106 hampir tanpa menggerakan sayapnya dan tetap berada di udara \line \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 berjam-jam dengan menggunakn energi sesedikit mungkin \par
\pard\ql \li6644\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6644\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ordo \par\pard\li1132\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\fi4800 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 Falconiformes\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 Burung pemangsa\par\pard\li1132\sb1\sl-368\slmult0\fi4800
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Strigiformes\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno
1\colw5392\colsr160\colno2\colw6548\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql \li1132\sb8\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Falconiformes\par
\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4366 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 1. An
gotanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 adalah\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 predator diurnal yang\par\pard\ql \li2033
\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4189 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ukurannya\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 berkisar\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4637 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 dari\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang\par\pard\ql \l
i2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 kecil(falconets) hingga\
par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 yang san
gat besar\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
9 (elang dan burung\par\pard\column \ql \li5552\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li20\sb8\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Strigiformes\par\pard\q

l \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3264 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 1. Anggotanya
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 adalah\par\pard\ql \li920\sb184\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 predator\par\pard\ql \li920\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 nokturnal,uang ukuran\par\pard\ql \li920\sb184\sl-368\
slmult0\tx2837 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tubuhnya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 bervariasi\par\pard\ql \li920\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
104 dari yang kecil hingga\par\pard\ql \li920\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3265 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 yang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat\par\pard\ql \l
i920\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 besar.Bermata besar \pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0
\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 39
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
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}
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 pemangsa)\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmu
lt0\tx2028 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Plumag
e\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bervarias
i,tetapi\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3903 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 biasanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 campuran\par\pard\qj \li2033\ri250
\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 antara warna kelabu \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 dan coklat di bagian \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex104 atas,dan hampir putih\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb153\sl-368\slmult0\tx2807 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 di\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 bagian
bawah.\par
\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4065 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Biasany
a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bergaris-\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb182\sl-368\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 garis atau polos\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-3
68\slmult0\tx2028\tx3583 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 Paruh\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pendek,kuat\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4029 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 ujungnya\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 melengkung.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2028 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 4.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Kaki-kakinya\par\pard\qj \li2
033\ri251\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx3555 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 kuat,berukuran
sedang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hingga \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
panjang,dan\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb154\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9

7 masing-masing\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4201\tx4901 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 mempunyai\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4\tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 jari\par\pard\qj \li2033\ri251\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex104 dengan cakar yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 kuat dan
melengkung \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 untuk mencengkeram\par\pard\ql
\li2033\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mangsa.\par\pard\ql \li
1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2028\tx3940 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Sayap\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bervariasi\par\pard
\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bentuknya,tetapi\pa
r\pard\qj \li2033\ri250\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx4446 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
biasanya kuat terbang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dan umumnya dapat \li
ne \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cepat.\p
ar\pard\ql \li2033\sb152\sl-368\slmult0\tx4240 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Beber
apa\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 spesies\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slm
ult0\tx4243 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dapat\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 te
rbang\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4795 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 melayang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berputar-putar.\par\pard\column \ql \li5912\
sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5912\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li560\s
b147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dan menghadap ke\par\pard\q
l \li560\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2564 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 depan\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 sehingga\par\pard\ql \li560\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 memungkinkan\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2170\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\fi
540 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 penglihatan binokuler. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 2. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Plumage panjang dan\par\pard\qj \li560\ri2173
\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 halus, bulu terbang \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 berujung\par\pard\qj \li560\ri2171\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex99 lembut,sehingga dapat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang
\par\pard\ql \li560\sb150\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex88 \u8213?suny
i\u8214?.Berwarna\par\pard\ql \li560\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2141 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 kriptik\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kebanyakan\par\pard\ql \li5
60\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna\par\pard\ql \li20\r
i2169\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\fi540\tx570 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 coklat,meskip
un ada \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang hitam dan putih \line \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 3. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Paruh pendek kuat\par\
pard\ql \li560\sb153\sl-368\slmult0\tx2636 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\tab \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 uungnya\par\pard\qj \li560\ri2231\sb33\sl-552\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melengkung,mempuny \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ai c
ere.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb152\sl-368\slmult0\tx565 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4.
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Kaki berbulu hingga ke\par\pard\qj \li560\ri217
0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 bagian jari-jarinya, jari \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terluar\par\pard\ql \li560\ri2170\sb1\sl-551\slmult0\tx
2200 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 semyzygodactyllous \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 (agak \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berlawanan\par\pard\ql \li560\sb153
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 arah).\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-36
8\slmult0\tx565 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 P
alatum\par\pard\qj \li560\ri2214\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
schizognathous,kepala \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bulat.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb15
2\sl-368\slmult0\tx565 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex101 Bersarang biasanya di\par\pard\ql \li560\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3173 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 lubang-lubang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 yang\par\p
ard\qj \li560\ri2168\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx3214 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 ter
dapat di pohon. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Jumlaah telur \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 1-11 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb234\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 40
}
}}
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}
l-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\sb147\sl-368\slmult0\tx2028 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 6.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Palat
um\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 desmogna
thous\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2028 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 7.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 sarang terbuat dari\par\pard\ql \li203
3\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ranting-ranting\par\pard\ql \
li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 biasanya di pohon,\
par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 celah kar
ang atau di\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
99 atas tanah,jumlah telur\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3035\tx486
5 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1-6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 biasanya\tab \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2-3\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4633 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 butir,berwarna\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 putih\
par\pard\ql \li2033\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 kotor,pada
beberapa\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
4 spesies telurnya agak\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 kecoklatan.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2028 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Anak-anaknya\par\pard\ql
\li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 altricial,lambat\par\p
ard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 perkembangannya
dan\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 diasuh
oleh kedua\par\pard\ql \li2033\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 induknya.\par\pard\ql \li1221\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1221\sb368
\sl-368\slmult0\tx4025 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Sub ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 Famili\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 Cathartae-------:-----\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 Cathartidae\par\pard\ql \li3264\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 :------\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 Acciptridae_\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 Falcons---------\par\pard\ql \li3264\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 :-----\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 Falconidae\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 Sagitarii---------:-----\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb184\sl-368\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Sagitariidae\par\pard\column \ql \li5552\sb0
7\sl-368\slmult0\tx2635 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (biasanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex108 4-7) bulat\par\pard\ql \li920\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw

0\charscalex97 dan putih bersih.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2403\
tx3691 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 7. Sayap\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 le
bar\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\ql \li920\sb184\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 membulat,dapat\par\pard\ql \li380\ri2170\sb33\sl-551
\slmult0\fi540 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang tak bersuara. \line \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex102 8. Anak-anaknya latricial\par\pard\ql \li920\sb153\sl-368\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dan diasuh oleh kedua\par\pard\ql \li920\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induknya.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb18
4\sl-368\slmult0\tx3021 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 9. Famili\tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 Contoh\par\pard\ql \li819\sb182\sl-368\slmult0\tx3909 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 Strigidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ---\par\pard\ql \li2
0\sb187\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32
Strix,Bubo,Asto\par\pard\ql \li819\sb181\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Tytonidae\u8212?\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32
Tyto\par\pard\ql \li20\sb187\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ,podylus
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001
l-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb266\s
l-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 41
}
}}
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}

ql\li4848\sb56\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5
\fs32 Burung Arboreal \par\pard\ql \li3372\sb192\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 Burung dara,kaka tua,Cucoo, Colies \par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-551\s
lmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\sb0\sl-551\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri880\sb39\sl551\slmult0\fi622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Kema
mpuan terbang memungkinkan burung dapat bersarang di \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
1 pohon sehingga terhindar dari predator.
Pohon jugamerupakan \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex99 sumber makanan yang menyediakanbiji-bijian dan buah-buahan, da
n \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 kadang tunas bagi burung-burung ini.
Dedaunan
jarang menjadi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 bahan makanan mereka karena energinya
rendah,namun insekta dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ulat yang memakan deda
unan sangat penting sebagai sumbar \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 makanan bag
i burung-burung arboreal.
Burung arboreal dibagi \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x102 menjadi dua kelompok utama sebagai berikut : \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-27
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb253\sl-276\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 42 \par\pard\s
ect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg43}{\bkmkend
Pg43}\par\pard\qj \li7532\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li7532\ri2197\sb214\s
l-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Columbufo
rmes \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Psittaciformes\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e\cols2\colno1\colw4350\colsr160\colno2\colw7590\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb170\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Bu
rung Arboreal\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb170\sl-368\slmult0\tx3046 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 Kelompok I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Cuculiformes\par\par
d\ql \li3042\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Coliiformes\par\pa
rd\ql \li4510\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2953\sb368\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Coraciiformes\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx29
57 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Kelompok 2\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Trogon
iformes\par\pard\ql \li3042\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Pic
iformes \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1132\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1132\ri877\sb21\sl-552\slmult0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Kelompok 1 t
erdiri atas burung-burung yang umumnya herbivora, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x105 Dan membuat sarang di daerah terbuka. Kelompok 2 terdiri atas \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 burung-burung yang membuat sarabng di dalam lubang
pohon. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Secara umum burung arboreal mempunya
i kaki yang beradaptasi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 untuk bertengger,deng
an tendon jari-jari yang tersusun sedemikian \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
rupa untuk memperkuat cengkeraman ketika sendi-sendi kaki \line \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex100 menunjang tubuh burung.
Beberapa kelompok mempunyai c
ara \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 mencengkeram yang lebih khusus,dengan pol
a jari-jari dua ke arah \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 depan dan dua lain
nya ke arah belakang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (zygodactylous), dan \par\
pard\ql \li1132\sb160\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 kelompok lainy
a mempunyai jari terluar yang menghadap ke arah \par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\sl
mult0\fi0\tx2989\tx6640\tx8587\tx10303 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 samping\tab \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (semizygodactylous),\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
sehingga\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mereka\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
dapat\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri881\sb38\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
memcengkeram tempat bertenggernya dan berlari-lari di sepanjang \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex103 dahan pepohonan. \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard

l-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb263\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 43 \par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg44}{\bkm
kend Pg44}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5752\colsr160\colno2\col
w6188\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql \li1632\sb149\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Ordo Columbiformes\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 1. Anggotanya berjalan
di\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tanah ata
u arboreal\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 de
ngan ukuran berkisar\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 dari yang kecil hingga\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 besar (15-84 cm)\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plumage rapat dan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lembut: Kriptik atau\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-36
7\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna cerah, bahkan\par\pard\ql \li1853
\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ada yang berwarna\par\pard\ql \l
i1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 metalik (Columbidae)\par\pa
rd\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Paruh sangat\par
\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pendek,agak lema
h dan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berbent
uk kerucut\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (P
teroclididae) ;\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 berukuran sedang,\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 ramping kuat dan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 mempunyai cere\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 berdaging di\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 pangkalnya (merpati)\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Kaki pendek tetapi\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kuat,mempunyai 3 jari\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menghadap ke depan,\par\pard\ql \li1853\
sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bercakar,jari belakang\par\pard\q
l \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ada atau tidak ada\par\
pard\ql \li1493\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Sayap panjang
dan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 runcing,d
apat terbang\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
cepat tetapi\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
menimbulkan suara.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 6. Sarng dibuat di dataran\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 terbuka dari ranting-\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ranting (merpati) atau\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-3
67\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan mencaka-cakar\par\pard\ql \li1853\
sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tanah (sandgrouse).\par\pard\ql \
li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Jumlah telur 1- 3 butir\pa
r\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna putih
atau\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 perak\pa
r\pard\ql \li1493\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7. Palatum\par\
pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 schizognathous.\p
ar\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8. Anak-anakny
a altricial\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 a
tau precoccial.\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 Subordo\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri749\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 Pteroclets---Pteroclididae-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex92 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf12\f13\fs32 Pterocles\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 ,
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\
f13\fs32 Syrrhaptes \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\
fs32 Columbae\u8212?Columbidae-\par\pard\ql \li2820\sb1\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Columba\par\pard\ql \li2820\sb1
\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Streptopelia\par\pard\column \ql \li
5912\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5912\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li

Ordo Psitasiformes\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2875\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 1. Anggotanga adalah \line\tab \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 burung\par\pard\qj \li380\ri2327\sb2\sl-367\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 arboreal,berukuran dari \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ya
ng sangat kecil\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 seperti \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Micropsita\par\pard\ql \li380\ri2449\sb
2\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 (pygmi
parrots) hingga \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 burung makau (\ul0\nosupersub
\cf12\f13\fs32 Ara) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs
32 Yang berukuran besar\par\pard\ql \li380\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 (10-100cm).\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2660\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plumage tidak terlalu \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 rapat,keras dan\par\pard\qj \li380\ri2910\sb2\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 mengkilat,biasanya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna\par\pard\ql
\li20\ri2251\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\fi360\tx390\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 cerah,didominasi oleh \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 warna hijau dan
merah. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Paruh pendek,tebal,dan \line\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kuat melengkung,sering \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 digunakan untuk\par\pard\ql \li380\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 memanjat.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2324\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx390\tx390\tx390
\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Kaki pendek,jari-jarinya \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 zygodactylous dengan \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
cakar yang kuat untuk \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 memegang makanan \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau memanjat.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb3\sl-36
8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Sayap agak\par\pard\qj \li380\ri2590\sb
0\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bundar,dapat terbang \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 cepat dengan sayap \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang melengkung\par
\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-365\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 6. Platum\par\pard
\qj \li380\ri2751\sb0\sl-369\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 desmognathous,d
an \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mempunyai sistem\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2199\sb0\sl367\slmult0\fi360\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 unik
,sehingga maxila \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dapat bergerak ke atas. \
line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7. Membuat sarang di \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 lubang pohon dan tidak \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 diberi
batas; jumlah \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 telur bervariasi dari 1-12
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 butir berwarna putih. \line \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 8. Anak-anaknya\par\pard\qj \li380\ri2928\sb0\sl-369\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 altricial,diasuh oleh \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kedua
induknya.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2202\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 9. Berdistribusi sangat \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lua
s,pan tropikal,banyak \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terdapat dAustralas
ia, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Contoh : \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Psi
tacus\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 (betet) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ,\u
l0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Ara \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb170\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 44
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
alex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Cacactua, Psittachas\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
knone\cols2\colno1\colw5392\colsr160\colno2\colw6548\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb20\sl
-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Turtur\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Goura
\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb1\sl-364\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf9\f10\fs32 Ordo Cuculiformes\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 1. Anggotanya\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 arboreal,berukuran dari\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang kecil hingga besar\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb
0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (15-70 cm), biasanya\par\pard\ql \l
i1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berekor panjang dan\par\par
d\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bersusun.\par\pard\q
l \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plumage agak longgar
\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 susunannya,m
engkilat\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 di b
agian tertentu\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 3. Paruh agak besar,\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 ujungnya melengkung,\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 biasanya berwarna\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 cerah\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 4. Kaki pendek,kuat,\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 zygodactylous atau\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 semizygodactylous.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Sayap sedang sampai\par\pard\ql \li1853\
sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang (Cuculidae)\par\pard\ql \
li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau pendek bubdar\par\par
d\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (Musophagidae).\par\
pard\ql \li1493\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Palatum\par\pa
rd\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 desmognathous\par\p
ard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7. Cuculinae bersi
fat\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 parasit.
Tidak membuat\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
sarang, sementara\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 anggota lainnya\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 membuat sarang yang\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 baiak untuk meletakkan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 telur yang jumlahnya 2-\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4 butir.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8. Anaknya berbulu halus\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb
1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau taak berbulu ketika\par\pard\q
l \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 baru\par\pard\ql \li185
3\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas;altricial,dan\par\pard\
ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 diasuh oleh kedua\par\
pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induknya, tau ole
h\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 orang tua a
suh\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (Cuculina
e).\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx4124 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 9.

Sub ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Famili\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Cuculi----------Cuculidae\par\pard\ql \li185
3\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Musophagi-----\par\pard\ql \li1
853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Musophagidae\par\pard\column
\ql \li740\sb16\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\
f13\fs32 (nuri), Mcropsitta\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 .\par\pard\qj \li5552\sb
0\sl-367\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri3028\sb3\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 Ordo Coliiformes,Famili \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Coliidae\par\pard\
ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. Anggotanya berukuran
\par\pard\ql \li740\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil berekor
panjang\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (30-3
6 cm).\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plum
age longgar dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 lembut,berwarna coklat,\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 dengan garis-garis\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 berwarna pada\par\pard\ql \li740\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 beberapa spsies.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 3. Paruh pendek, tebal\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan agak melengkung\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan cere berdaging\par\pard\ql \li380\ri22
18\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 di bagian pangkalnya. \l
ine \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. kaki pendek kuat,jarinya\par\pard\ql \li740\s
b1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb2
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bercakar,hallux\par\pard\ql \li740\s
b1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 reversibel, sehingga\par\pard\ql \
li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 keempat jarinya dapat\par\p
ard\ql \li740\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mengarah ke muka.\p
ar\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. sayap pendek
bundar:\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terba
ng cepat dan lurus,\par\pard\qj \li380\ri2271\sb3\sl-367\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 tetapi tidak terlalu lama. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Pal
atum\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 schizogna
thous.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7. Sara
ngnya berbentuk\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 seperti mangkuk datar\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 biasanya dibuat di\par\pard\ql \li740\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 pohon. Jumlah telur 2-4\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 butir,putih, kadang-\par\pard\qj \li380\ri2286\sb0\sl-3
69\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kadang berbintik coklat. \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 8. Anak-anaknya\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-365\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 altricial,diasuh oleh\par\pard\ql \li740\sb2\sl-367\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kedua induknya.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb2\sl-368\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 9. Anggotanya tersebar di\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\s
l-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Afrika (kecuali\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0
\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Madagaskar), dan\par\pard\ql \li740\
sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Sahara Selatan, hanya\par\pard\ql
\li740\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ada 6 species yang\par\pa
rd\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hampir sama dari sat
u\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 genus\par\pa
rd\ql \li380\sb3\sl-368\slmult0\tx1465 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 10.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Contoh : \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Colius \par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb172\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 45

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}
b0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1932\ri3971\sb127\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Famili Cuculidae \line \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex98 Sub Fam \par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-355\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 -Cuculinae \par\pard\ql \li1853\sb15\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 -Phaenicophaeninae \par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-358\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 -Crotophaginae \par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-358\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 -Neomorphinae \par\pard\ql \li1853\sb14\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 -Couinae \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\par
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 46

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}
rd\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb164\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 47 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\
paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg48}{\bkmkend Pg48}\par\pard
ql\li4848\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4848\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Burung Arboreal \par\pard\ql \li34
18\sb192\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ( Rollers, Trogons, Woodpeck
er dll) \par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-551\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri882\sb30\s

l-551\slmult0\fi622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Bu
rung arboreal dari seri kedua ini banyak yang mudah dikenali, \line \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 kebndarti tak kurang dari 16 spesies telah punah. Umumnya berwar
na \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 cerah atau mempunyai bulu-bulu dengan susu
nan warna mencolok. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Kebanyakan famili burung
ini mempunyai kebiasaan makan yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 khusus, k
adang-kadang memiliki paruh yang kuat dan berwarna \line \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex101 cerah. Makanannya teutama berasal dari hewan terutama insecta, \li
ne \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 tetapi banyak juga makan ikan, dan pada burung ra
ngkong omnivora. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Paruh yang kuat ini digunaka
n pula membuat lubang untuk sarang di \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 pohon,
menggali sarang rayap di tanah, atau menggali tanah untuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 meletakan telur-telurnya. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri876\sb9\sl-552\slmu
lt0\fi533 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Plumage burung ini sangat beragam,dan aga
k berkaitan dengan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 respon terhadap kebutuhan y
ang bertolak belakang yaitu menghidari \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 predato
r dan menarik perhatian lawan jenis dari spesiesnya. Masalah \line \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex100 ini tidak selalu terpecahkan melalui sexual dmorpism, karena bu
rung \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 betina mudah diserang oleh musuh nya ket
ika sedang mengeram di \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 mana warna bulunya
yang kriptik mudah dibedakan dengan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 lingk
ungannya.
Burung jantan berwarna mencolok untuk menarik \line \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex100 pasangannya dan menandai daerah tertorialnya. Karena burung\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 burung ini bersarang di lubang pohon, maka wa
rana burung betina \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 sebenarnya tidak terlalu
berati bagio lawan jenisnya.
Meskipun \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
demikian, mayoritas warna burung jantan dan betina sangat berbeda. \par\pard\qj
\li1132\ri877\sb8\sl-552\slmult0\fi622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Burung arbo
real terdiri atas 3 Ordo yaitu : Coraciiformes yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
terdiri atas burung \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 raja udang\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f1
0\fs32 ,rangkong,pemakan lebah, dan \u8213?roller\u8214? \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex102 yang tersebar luas di dunia baru. Ordo Trogoniformes mempunyai \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex99 warna bulu yang sangat menarik, dan tersebar luas di daerah t
ropika \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 dunia lama maupun dunia baru. Ordo Piciforme
s tersebar luas di \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seluruh dunia kecuali Madagaskar
dan Australasia. \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0
l-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb152\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 48 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh
20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg49}{\bkmkend Pg49}\par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl

i6001\sb164\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\
fs24 49 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmks
tart Pg50}{\bkmkend Pg50}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5152\cols
r160\colno2\colw3753\colsr160\colno3\colw3025\colsr20\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1132\sb149\sl-368\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Ordo Coraciiformes
\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf9\f10\fs32 1. Semua anggotanya\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 bersifat\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 arboreal,ukurannya\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bervariasi dari sangat\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil hingga besar (10-\par\pard\ql \li1853\
sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 160 cm).\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\
sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plumage berwarna\par\pard\ql \li18
53\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cerah,meskipun ada\par\pard\ql
\li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 diantaranya berwarna\par
\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 hitam putih. Han
ya\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sedikit ya
ng berwarna\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 s
uram\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. Paruh
kuat dan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ber
warna cerah,tetapi\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 berbeda dalam bentuk\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 dan ukuran pada\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 setiap sub ordo.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 4. Kaki umumnya\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 pendek dan\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 lemah,beberapa famili\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 memiliki jari yang\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-368
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 syndactylous.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-36
7\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5. Palatum\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-367\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Schizognathous\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb3\sl-36
8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Bersarang di lubang\par\pard\ql \li1853
\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pohon atau di tepi\par\pard\ql \
li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sungai yang seringkali\par
\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 digali atau dipe
rbesar\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 oleh b
urung itu sendiri.\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 Telur berjumlah 3-4\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex97 butir berwarna\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 putih,tetapi ada dua\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 famili yang memilki\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb3\sl-368\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 telur berwarna polos\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-36
7\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pucat.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb1\sl-367\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7. Anak-anaknya altricial\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb
2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan cenderung diasuh\par\pard\qj \l
i1493\ri110\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 oleh kedua indu

knya. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8. Sub Ordo\par\pard\ql \li2213\sb0\sl-367\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs32 -\ul0\nosupersub
\cf9\f10\fs32 Alcedines\par\pard\ql \li2213\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs32 -\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Mero
pes\par\pard\ql \li2213\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf11\f12\fs32 -\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Coracii\par\pard\ql \li221
-\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Bucerotes\par\pard\column \ql \li5312\sb0\sl-368
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5312\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb149\sl-368
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Ordo Trogonifor
mes\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf9\f10\fs32 1. .Anggotanya\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx3072 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berukuran\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil\par\p
ard\ql \li740\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sampai sedang\par\p
ard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 2. Plumage lembut d
an\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx2376 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 rapa
t,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna\par\pard\ql \li740\sb2\sl-368\slmult
0\tx3035 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mencolok,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 h
ijau\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx3000 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 me
talik\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pada\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0
\tx2748 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beberapa\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bag
ian\par\pard\ql \li740\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tubuhnya.\
par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.Paruh pendek
\par\pard\ql \li646\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ,lebar dan\pa
r\pard\ql \li735\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seringkali\par\p
ard\ql \li824\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bergerigi\par\pard\
ql \li399\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4.Kaki pendek\par\pard\
ql \li665\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan lemah,jari\par\pard
\ql \li754\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kesatu\par\pard\ql \li
665\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan kedua\par\pard\ql \li754\
sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mengarah ke\par\pard\ql \li754\sb
2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 belakang\par\pard\ql \li754\sb1\sl367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sehingga\par\pard\ql \li754\sb0\sl-367\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 membentuk\par\pard\ql \li754\sb2\sl-368\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kaki yang\par\pard\ql \li754\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Pseudozygo\par\pard\ql \li754\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 dactylous.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex103 5. sayap pendek dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult
0\tx2624 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bundar;\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ter
bang\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx2554 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 de
ngan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 gerakan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb3\sl-368\slmul
t0\tx2925 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berombak\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 t
etapi\par\pard\qj \li380\ri10\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 untuk waktu pendek \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Palatum\par\pard\ql \li740\
sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 schizognathous\par\pard\ql \li380
\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 7. Bersarang di lubang\par\pard
\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx3249 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pohon,bertelur\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2-4\par\pard\ql \li740\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex102 butir berwarna putih\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau kehijauan.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-367\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 8. Anak-anaknya tak\par\pard\ql \li740\sb2\sl
-368\slmult0\tx2873 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berbulu\tab \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 ketika\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98
menetas,altricial dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex104 diasuh oleh kedua\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 induknya.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb2\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 9. Anggotanya\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 berdistribusi\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 luas,pantropikal,kec\par\pard\ql \li740\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 uali di Australasia\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx1

465 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 10.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Terdiri ata
s \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 36\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx2416\tx
3532 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 species\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dari\ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8\par\pard\column \ql \li9215\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql \li9215\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb149\sl-368\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Ordo Piciformes\par\pard\
ql \li20\ri0\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf9\f10\fs32 1. Anggotanya beru \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
kecil hingga besa \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 60 cm)\par\pard\ql \li
20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx2576 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Plumage \tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex97 ber\par\pard\qj \li380\ri0\sb0\sl-369\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex95 beda,tetapiumumn \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 ada
bagian\par\p
ard\qj \li380\ri0\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 tertentu yang
ber \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cerah.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri0\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\
tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 3. Paruh berbeda \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 tiapfamili,tetapi\par\pard\qj \li464\ri0\sb0\sl-369\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex95 umumnya kuat da \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 masif\par\pard\ql
\li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 4. Kaki \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex98 7mumnya p\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx1966 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 tetapi\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kuat\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0
\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 zygodactylous\par\pard\ql \li20\ri0\
sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx390\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 5. Sayap
pendek \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 bundar: cara te \line \tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 berobak-ombak \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Palatum\par\
pard\ql \li20\ri0\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\fi360\tx390\tx390\tx2664 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 Schizognathous \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 7. Bersarang di \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 lubang, biasanya \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 pohn,kadang \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 -k\par\pard\ql \li3
80\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx1718\tx2861 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 digali\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 oleh \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 b\par\pard\qj \li38
0\ri0\sb3\sl-367\slmult0\tx2289 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 tersebut,tetapi ka
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kadang \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 meru\
par\pard\qj \li380\ri0\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\tx2149 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 lub
ang yang sudah \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Bertelur \tab \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 3-6\par\pard\ql \li20\ri0\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx390 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex95 berwarna putih ber \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8. Anak-anaknya \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berbulu\par\pard\qj \li380\ri0\sb0\sl-367\s
lmult0\tx1653 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 menetas,altricial,da \line \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 suh \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 oleh\par\pard\ql \li380\sb
1\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induknya(atau\par\pard\ql \li20\ri0
\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 burung lain bagi
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 bersifat \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 br
ood para \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 9. Sub O
rdo :\par\pard\ql \li380\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 -Galbula
e\par\pard\ql \li464\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 - Pici \par\
pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\s
l-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb173\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 50
}
}}
}
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}
alex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 genera \par\pard\li5672\sb16\sl-368\slmult0\
fi0\tx6752\tx8907 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 11.\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Contoh\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 :\par\pard\ql \li6032\sb1\sl-353\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Trogon. \par\pard\qj \li6032\ri3965\sb22\
sl-360\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Paromachrus, \line \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex98 Apoloderma \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001
ult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb182\sl-276\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 51
}

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}

}}
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}

}}
}
\li4645\sb164\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10
\fs32 Sub Ordo Piciformes \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l

mult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb92\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 53 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\par
d\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg54}{\bkmkend Pg54}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\c
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 S.O Galbulae\par\pard\
ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1. \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex105 Umumnya
bertubuh\par\pard\ql \li1913\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (9-30m),meskipun\par\par
d\ql \li1913\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3235\tx4636 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ada\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pula\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 yang\par\pa
rd\ql \li1913\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 berukuran besar
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (lebih\par\pard\ql \li1913\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 dari 60 cm)\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Bentuk paruh berbeda\p
ar\pard\ql \li1913\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4475 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 untuk
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 setiap\par\pard\qj \li1913\ri251\sb34\sl-550\sl
mult0\tx4783 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 famili,tetapi umumnya \line \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 kuat,masif \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\ql
\li1913\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna.\par\pard\ql \
li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4653 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3. \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 Hyoid\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tidak\par\pard\ql \li1913\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 termodifikasi\par\pard\ql \li1913
\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4652 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 khusus,lidah\tab \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 tidak\par\pard\ql \li1913\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 terspesialisasi\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 4. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Bulu ekor tidak kaku\par\pa
rd\ql \li1493\sb185\sl-368\slmult0\tx3940 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Famili\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Contoh\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri730\sb33\sl-551\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Galbulidae------ \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Gal
bula \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Bucconidae----- \u
l0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Buco\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri621\sb1\sl-552\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Capitonidae---- \ul0\nos
upersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Capito \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10
\fs32 Indicatoridae--- \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Indicator \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Ramphastidae--\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb152
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Rampastos\par\pard\column \ql \li591

2\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5912\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li118
2\sb147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 S O Pici\par\pard\ql \li20\ri
2170\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx297\tx3677 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.Anggotanya u
mumnya \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 berukuran kecil(dari \tab \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex96 9\par\pard\ql \li20\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 cm)\par\pard\qj \li287\ri2344\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 tetapi beberapa spesies \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berukuran besar.\par
\pard\qj \li20\ri2173\sb1\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 2.Paruh
kuat,lurus dan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seperti\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2170\sb
2\sl-550\slmult0\fi266 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 pahat.Hyoid melengkung \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ke\par\pard\ql \li287\sb153\sl-368\slmult0\tx2191 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 belakang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menyangga\par
\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lidah\par\pard\q
j \li20\ri2170\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\fi269 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 yang dap
at menjulur \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat\par\pard\qj \li287\ri2966\sb1\s
l-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang. Jung lidah \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 bermodifikasi\par\pard\ql \li20\sb154\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 membentuk\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2363\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\fi266\tx297 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 alat berperekat untuk \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 mengumpulkan insekta. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.Kebanyakan\par\p
ard\ql \li20\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menggunakan\par\pa
rd\ql \li287\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lidahnya untuk\par
\pard\ql \li287\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3172 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mengumpu
lkan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 larva\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lebah\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2170\sb33\sl-551\slmult0
\fi266\tx2804 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan mematuk kayu. \line \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex105 4.Terdapat di \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 seluruh\par\pa
rd\ql \li20\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dunia\par\pard\ql \
li287\ri2172\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx3761 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Kec Australa
sia dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Madagaskar Contoh \tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 :\par\pard\ql \li20\sb156\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Jinx,\par\pard\ql \li287\sb184\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Picumnus,Caampephilus \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \
ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb263\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 54
}
}}
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}

lt0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb164\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 56 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard
\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg57}{\bkmkend Pg57}\par\pard\ql \li4093\sb0\sl-368\slmul
\par\pard\ql\li4093\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4093\sb164\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Sub Ordo dari Coraciif
ormes \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slm
i6001\sb92\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\f
s24 57 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkst
art Pg58}{\bkmkend Pg58}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5392\colsr
160\colno2\colw6548\colsr160\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1493\
sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2388\sb149\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 S.O Aldines\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri0\sb0\sl
-368\slmult0\tx1853\tx1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 1. Anggotanya be
rukuran \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 dari yang sangat kecil \line \
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 hingga sedang. (10- 50 \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 cm)\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri0\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\tx1853\tx3187\tx46
22 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 2. Paruh lurus tajam (ada \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 pula \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 yang \tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 agak\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri0\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\fi360\tx1853\tx1853\
tx1853\tx1853\tx1853\tx4606 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 melengkung).,dan masif \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 untuk ukuran tubuhnya. \line \up0 \expndtw0

\charscalex100 3. Ciri khas plumage,ada \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
bagian yang berwarna \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 biru terang,
kadang-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 kadang hijau dan coklat \line \t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kemerahan \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pada\p
ar\pard\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-365\slmult0\tx4154 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beberap
a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 spesies.\par\pard\qj \li1853\ri0\sb0\sl-369\sl
mult0\tx3123 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Adapula berwarna hitam \line \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 putih, \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 dengan atau\par\par
d\ql \li1853\sb1\sl-365\slmult0\tx4492 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tanpa\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 coklat\par\pard\ql \li1853\sb2\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 kemerahan\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri0\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\tx1853\t
x1853\tx1853 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 4. Sayap pendek dan \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 bundar; cara terbang \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex104 umumnya cepat dan \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lurus.\par\
pard\qj \li1493\ri0\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx1853\tx3523\tx4785 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex100 5. Ekor ada yang sangat \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pendek
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 atau \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ada\par\
pard\qj \li1853\ri0\sb3\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 perpanjangan
bulu ekor \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bagian tengah.\par\pard\ql \li1493\ri0\sb
0\sl-368\slmult0\tx1853\tx3844 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Jari kaki syndacty
lous \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 7. Membuat sarang di tepi \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 sungai arah vertickal. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98
8. Famili \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Contoh\par\pard\qj \li1853\ri238\sb3
\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Alcedinidae---\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f
13\fs32 Halcyon \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 (raja\p
ar\pard\ql \li3718\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Udang)\par\par
d\ql \li1853\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1853\sb5\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Alcedo,Dacelo\par\pard\ql \li1
Todidae-------\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Todus\par\pard\qj \li1853\ri118\sb0\
sl-736\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Momotida
e -\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Momotus, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Eumomotus\
par\pard\column \ql \li5552\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5552\sb0\sl-368\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb149\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 S.O Meropes Fam\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Meropodidae\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Pemakan lebah\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx684
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Anggotanya ber
ukuran\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 relatif\
par\pard\ql \li375\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil (15-35 c
m)\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-368\slmult0\tx3086 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2.Par
uh\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 langisng,pipih\par\pard\ql \li286\sb0\sl-367\slmult0
\tx2079\tx3530 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lateral\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 dan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 agak\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melengkung\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2172\sb0\sl-368\slmu
lt0\tx296 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.Plumage berwarna warni, \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex102 biasanya terdiri dari warna \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 hijau\par\pard\ql \li286\ri2173\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx2523 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 merah tuabiru,kuning dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 coklat \ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kemerahan.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Beberapa\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2173\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\f
i266 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 spesies mempunyai garis \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 hitam\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2171\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\fi266 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex108 lebar dari paruh hingga \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mata.\par\pa
rd\ql \li20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0\tx1875\tx3688 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4.Sayap
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par
\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 runcing;\par\pard\
qj \li286\ri2171\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\tx1917\tx3377 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 te
rbang berputar-putar dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat \tab \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 indah \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ketika\par\pard\ql \li
20\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sayapnya\par\pard\ql \li286\sb
3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 merentang.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2173
\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\tx296\tx296\tx296\tx2254\tx3499 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
5.Ekor panjang dengan bulu \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tengah memanjan
g pada \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 beberapa spesies, atau \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berbebtuk \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lurus \ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pada\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-365\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 spesies\par\pard\ql \li286\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 lainya.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2331\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx385\tx385\tx
385 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6. Jari kaki syndactylous \line \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 7. Membuat sarang secara \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berko
loni,kadang-kadang \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dengan menggali tanah
di \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tepian sungai.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri217
1\sb2\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 8. anggotanya berdistribusi
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 luas\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2171\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\fi3
55 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 di daerah tropik dan sub \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 tropik\par\pard\ql \li375\ri2170\sb2\sl-367\slmult0\tx3413 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 dunia lama,beberapa \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 diantaranya \t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dapat\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex97 bermigrasi\par\pard\qj \li375\ri2226\sb3\sl-367\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Terdapat 23 spesies dari 2 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Genera.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 9. Con
toh: \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Merops,Nictyornis \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e \ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql\li6001\sb173\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f1\f2\fs24 58
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xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 59
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x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 S.O Coracii\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\sl
mult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Angg
otanya berukuran\par\pard\qj \li1944\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex107 kecil sampai sedang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 (25-45 cm)\par\pard
\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex99 Paruh tebal dan hampir\par\pard\qj \li1944\ri0\sb32\sl-55
2\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 lurus,atau langsing dan \up0 \expndtw0\ch

arscalex97 melengkung.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb152\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939\tx3890 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Plmage\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 berwarna-\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4616 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 warni,berbeda\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pada\par
\pard\ql \li1944\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 setiap famili.
\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4.\
tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Sayap panjang dan\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184
\sl-368\slmult0\tx4705 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bundar;dengan\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 cara\par\pard\qj \li1944\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex100 terbang yang berbeda \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pada setiap fa
mili.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
7 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Ekor panjang,beberapa\par\pard\qj \li1944\r
i0\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\tx4340 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 mempunyai bulu ekor
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bagian \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tenga
h\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb152\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 memanjang
.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6.
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Jari kaki berbeda pada\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb1
84\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 setiap famili.\par\pard\ql \li1493
\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex104 Sarang biasanya agak\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx507
9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berbatas,dibuat\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 di
\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lubang poh
on.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939\tx4035 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Famili\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Contoh\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Cor
aciidae\u8212?\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb187\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Eurystomus\par\pard\ql \li3898\sb184\sl-368\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Coracias\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb181\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Leprtosomatidae\u82
12?\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1944\sb0\sl-368\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql \li1944\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf12\f13\fs32 Leptosomus\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb181\sl-368\slmult0\tx3932
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Upupidae\tab \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Upupa\par\pard\column \ql \li555
2\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5552\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\
sb147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 S.
O Bucerotes ---------- Famili\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 Bucerotidae\par\pard\ql \li20\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 (rangkong,Julang)\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex101 1. Anggotanya berukuran\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\
slmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 besar\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
4 (lebih dari \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 160\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\s
lmult0\tx2871 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 cm),tetaapi\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 beberapa\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
100 diantaranya berukuran\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 sedang (40 cm)\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3265 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 2. Paruh\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sangat\par\pa
rd\ql \li740\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 besar,melengkung
dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2943 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
berukir,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 biasanya\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-36
8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 berwarna kuning atau\par\pard\ql \li740
\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 merah;mempunyai\par\pard\ql \l
i740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 casque yang bentuknya\par
\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 berbeda pada
jantan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 da
n betina\par\pard\ql \li380\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 3.
Ciri khas plumage hitam\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex106 dan putih, beberapa\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 diantaranya hitam atau\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kelabu.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slm

ult0\tx2367\tx3692 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4. Sayap\tab \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 kuat\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368
\slmult0\tx3461 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 mengeluarkan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 bunyi\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 waktu terbang.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx1978\tx3691 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex98 5. Ekor\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 bersusun.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex107 6. Jari kaki lebar dan\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 syndactylous\par\pard\ql \li380\sb184\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 7. Bersarang di lubang\par\pard\ql \li740\sb18
4\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 pohon. Betina yang\par\pard\ql
\li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2696 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sedang\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 mengeram\par\pard\ql \li740\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex103 dijaga oleh yang jantan \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \l
001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb266\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 60
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8\slmult0\par\pard\li1944\sb175\sl-368\slmult0\fi88\tx6272 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Phoeniculidae-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x100 di luar sarang yang\par\pard\li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi4328\tx8792 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 berbentuk\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 lubang\pa
r\pard\li1944\sb186\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx6272 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Phoenuculus\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf9\f10\fs32 kecil,dan betina maupun\par\pard\li1944\sb182\sl-368\slmult0\
fi4328\tx9060 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 anak-anaknya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex100 yang\par\pard\qj \li6272\ri2235\sb39\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex102 menetas diberi makan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 induk jantan \par\p
ard\ql \li5912\ri2234\sb12\sl-550\slmult0\tx6272\tx6272\tx6272\tx6272 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex102 8. Anggotanya terdapat di \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
100 daerah tropik Afrika dan \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Asia Tengga
ra dan satu \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 spesies terdapat di New \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Guines dan P. Solomon. \par\pard\li5912\sb166\
sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx8579 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 9. Contoh:\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Buceros\par\pard\qj \li6272\ri258

5\sb9\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 (r
angkong\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 ),Rycticeros \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 (julang) \par\pard\ql \li6080\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par
0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6080\sb215\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs24 ) \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \p
001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb28\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 61
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mult0 \par\pard\ql\li3764\ri3424\sb283\sl-360\slmult0\tx4911 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Burung pencari makan di udara \line\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 (Aerial Feeders) \par\pard\qj \li1132\sb0\sl-550\slmult
0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri877\sb414\sl-550\slmult0\fi799 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Kemampuan terbang\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32
\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 adalah ciri khas burung,namun hanya \line \up0

\expndtw0\charscalex101 sedikit diantaranya\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 \ul0\no
supersub\cf9\f10\fs32 yang mencari makan sambil terbang, meskipun \line \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex102 mereka dapat menangkap mangsa pada sayapnya.
Bebe
rapa \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 diantaranya,burung pemakan lebah dan
burung penangkap lalat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 menangkap makanan d
engan cara terbang yang khusus.
Dalam \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 bagi
an ini famili utama dalam dua ordo Apodiformes dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex103 Caprimulgiformes, terdiri atas burung-burung yang mencari makan \l
ine \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sambil terbang, Ordo yang pertama siang hari se
dangkan ordo yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 ke dua pada malam hari. \pa
r\pard\qj \li1132\ri880\sb9\sl-552\slmult0\fi799 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Ap
odiformes menangkap insekta yang terbang dan anak-anak \line \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex102 laba-laba selagi terbang dengan paruhnya yang terbuka lebar dan \lin
e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 dilengkapi \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 bristle\u
l0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 untuk meningkatkan daya tangkapnya. Faamili yang \l
ine \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 kedua tersebar di Asia Tenggara dan Australasia
, mempunyai cara \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 terbang dan cara makan yang s
ama. Famili ke tiga,burung pengisap \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 madu ya
ng tersebar di dunia baru daapat ternbang ditemapt untuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex105 mengisap madu bungan,polen, dan arthropoda kecil biasanya \lin
e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 terdapat pada bunga mekar. Spesies berbeda memp
unyai bentuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 paruh yang berbeda ukuran ma
upun kelengkungan paruh yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 diadaptasikan
dengan bentuk bunga yang sering dikunjunginya. Cara \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex99 terbang burung pengisap madu mempunyai ciri khas berdasarkan \par\pard\ql
\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb68\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 62 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw1
2240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg63}{\bkmkend Pg63}\par\pard\qj \li
1132\sb0\sl-546\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1132\ri880\sb203\sl-546\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 alasan berikut ini : Pertama ke
pakan sayap yang sangat cepat, lebih \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 dari seratus k
ali per detik, sehingga suaranya tak terdengar, kedua, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
98 burung pengisap madu bukan hanya mampu terbang di tempat, tetapi \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex99 juga mampu terbang mundur. \par\pard\ql \li1843\sb162\sl-368\slm
ult0\tx8563 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Ordo kedua, Cafrimulgiformes terdiri
atas \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 5 famili. Burung \par\pard\qj \li1132
\ri883\sb42\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 nocturnal ini juga mempu
nyai paruh yang lebar, dan makanannya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 insekta kecil
, terutama moths dengan cara yang sama dengan ordo \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
pertama. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri877\sb0\sl-553\slmult0\fi710 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex106 Ada mata rantai lain yang mempertautkan Apodiformes dan \line \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex103 Caprimulgifornes, selain mencari makan di udara. Setiap
anggota \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 mempunyai cara umum yaitu bur
ung-burung ini mampu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 mmempertahankan suhu
darah yang tetap (konstan). Beberap jenis \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 b
urung layang-layang yang berkembang bioak di darah sedang, \line \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex103 mempunyai anak-anak yang dapat tetap bertahan pada suhu yan
g \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 kurang menguntungkan dengan suhu badan yang
lebih rendah dari \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 biasanya ketika sang induk
pergi mencari makanan. Beggitu pula \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 buru
ng pengisap madu yang bermigrasi
di luar daerah tropika \line \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex102 ,mampu bertahan dengan suhu tubuh lebih rendah pada malam h
ari \par\pard\li1132\sb148\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx7914 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
7 dan biasanya melakukan pemanasan\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 tubuh de
ngan cara\par\pard\li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx10353 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex107 menggerakan sayapnya sebelum mulai terbang.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex107 Pada\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri887\sb30\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex98 Caprimulgiformes yang hidup di Amerika Utara terdapat spesies yang
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 melakukan hybernasi.

Selama hybernasi terjadi
reduksi semua \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 kegiatan fisiologis yang menyebabk
an turunnya suhu tubuh. \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri882\sb19\sl-540\slmult0\fi533 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Berkaitan dengan cara makan di udara ini maka terjadila
h reduksi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 kaki dan jari-jari. \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex100 Hanya burung pengisap madu yang sering \par\pard\ql \li1132
\sb163\sl-368\slmult0\tx5796 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 bertebngger. Burung al
ap-alap \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 (night jars) bersarang di atas tanah.
\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri882\sb14\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 Buru
ng walet mempunyai kebiasaan unik dalam membuat sarangnya \line \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex100 yaitu menggunakan salivanya untuk membuat sarang \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex100 ( mempunyai \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri885\sb9\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex105 nilai ekonomi bagi manusia) atau melekatkan telurnya pada daun
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 palm. Hanya burung pengisap madu yang dapat membua
t sarang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 yang rapi dan bagus. \par\pard\ql \li6001\s
\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb249\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 63 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\pape
rh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg64}{\bkmkend Pg64}\par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\
\li6001\sb164\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f
2\fs24 64 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh20160\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkm
kstart Pg65}{\bkmkend Pg65}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5481\co
lsr160\colno2\colw6459\colsr160\ql \li1493\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li14
93\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1934\sb147\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Ordo Apodiformes\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939\tx4281 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.\tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 Anggotanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bersifat\par\pard\qj
\li1944\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 terstrial dan beruk

uran \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 sangat kecil atau kecil ( \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 6-23 cm)\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939\tx3995 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Plumage\tab \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 berwarna\par\pard\qj \li1944\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0\tx4803 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex106 kusam atau mecolok \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 te
rgantung \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sub\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb153\sl-368\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ordonya.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb182\sl-368\slm
ult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Paru
h sangat berbeda\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx3295\tx4813 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 pada\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kedua\tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 sub\par\pard\qj \li1944\ri0\sb32\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex100 ordo,pendek lebar atau \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 panjang langsing\
par\pard\ql \li1493\sb152\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 4.\t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Kaki sangat pendek,\par\pard\qj \li1944\ri0\sb
33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 jari-jari mungkin kuat \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 atau lemah.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb154\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Sayap panjang
dan\par\pard\qj \li1944\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 s
empit; mengepakan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sayap sangat cepat\par\pard\ql \
li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6.\tab \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 Palatum\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex97 aegithognathous.\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx1939
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 7.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Sarang kecil; be
rtelur 1\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri0\sb32\sl-552\slmult0\fi451 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex97 atau 2 butir warna putih \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 8. \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex105 Kondisi aanak yang\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb152\sl-368\slmult0\tx41
02 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 baru\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas\par\
pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx4547 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bervaria
si,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 tetapi\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmu
lt0\tx4245 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 semuanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
altricial,\par\pard\qj \li1944\ri0\sb33\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
105 induk jantan ada yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 mengasuh anak dan \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 ada pula yang tidak\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmu
lt0\tx1939\tx4036 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 9.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
Sub ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Famili\par\pard\column \ql \li5641\sb0
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Ordo Caaprimulgiformes\par\pard\ql \
li291\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx747\tx3160 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 1.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 Anggotanya\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 bersifat\par\p
ard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 terstrial dan
nokturnal,\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2713 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 yang\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 ukurannya\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl
-368\slmult0\tx2460\tx3569 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berkisar\tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 dari\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kecil\par\pard\ql \li742\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex99 sampai sedang \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex97 (19-63\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 cm)\par\pard\ql \li291\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx747 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
97 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Plumage\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 lembut,mengkilat,umum\par\pard\ql \li742\sb182
\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 nya kriptik, meskipun\par\pard\ql
\li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 beberapa diantaranya
\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 mempunyai
alur putih\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
1 pada sayap atau ekor\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex107 yang tampak hanya\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 pada saat terbang.\par\pard\ql \li291\sb184\sl-368\slmu
lt0\tx747 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Kaki sa
ngat pendek dan\par\pard\ql \li742\sb185\sl-368\slmult0\tx2928 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex97 lemah,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 biasanya\par\pard\ql \li742\sb
184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 berbulu samapai ke\par\pard\

ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 bagian jari-jari. Ja
ri kaki\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ber
variasi panjangnya,\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2168\tx3233 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 tetapi\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 jari\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex97 tengah\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex97 pektinat.\par\pard\ql \li291\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx747 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 4.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Saayap panjang dan\par\p
ard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 runcing\par\pard\
ql \li291\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx747 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 5.\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 Palatum\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex97 Schizognathous\par\pard\ql \li291\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx747\tx3
230 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 6.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Umumnya\tab \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 sarang\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex99 dibuat seadanya untuk\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 meletakan telur yang\par\pard\ql \li742\sb1
84\sl-368\slmult0\tx2638 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berjumlah\tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex113 2-5 butir\par\pard\ql \li742\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex106 berwarna putih atau \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li600
sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb266\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 65
}
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x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Apodi ------ Apodidae\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb0\
sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1944\sb368\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex97 Hemipodidae\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 Trohili------ Trochilidae\par\pard\column \ql \li5912\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 pucat,biasanya bertitik-\par\pard\ql \li471\sb184\
sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 titik.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2098\sb33\
sl-551\slmult0\tx481\tx481 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 7. Anak-anaknya altric
ial \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 dan diasuh oleh kedua \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 induknya \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1132\sb0\sl-368
\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\p
ar\pard\li1132\sb0\sl-368\slmult0\par\pard\li1132\sb73\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx3227
\tx5396\tx8188 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Ordo\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Sub Ordo\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Famili\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Contoh\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1132\sb365\sl368\slmult0\fi4265\tx7551 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs
32 Apodidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Apus
Capsiturus\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi2042\tx5
416\tx8372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Apodi\tab \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Hemiprocnidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Hemiproc\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb180\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Apodiformes: \par\pard\li3086\s
b188\sl-368\slmult0\fi0\tx5453\tx7731 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Trochili\tab \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Trochilidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf12\f13\fs32 Glaucis\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f
13\fs32 Encifera\par\pard\ql \li7621\sb176\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex97 (pengisap madu) \par\pard\ql \li3175\ri2525\sb50\sl-540\slmult0\tx4155 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex93 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Steatornithes
Steart
ortinidae \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Steartornis \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex94 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 :\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\co
lno1\colw5327\colsr160\colno2\colw6613\colsr160\ql \li1132\sb167\sl-368\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Caprimulgiformes\par\pard\ql \li3175\sb0\sl-368\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql \li3175\sb368\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Caprim
ulgae\par\pard\column \ql \li36\sb167\sl-368\slmult0\tx2303 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex97 Podargidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32
Podargus\par\pard\ql \li65\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\tx2454 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Nyctibidae\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Nyctibius\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2309\sb32\sl-552\slmult0
\fi124 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Aegothelidae
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Aegotheles \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs32 Caprimulgidae \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs32 Caprimul
gus\par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql \li534\sb54\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf1\f2\fs24 66
}
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xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 67 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24}

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{\rtf1{\fonttbl

{\f2 Times New Roman;}

siologi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 yang berkembang lebih baik dari pada

ang hidup di darat,aquatik \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 dan burung bertengger. \

6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6060\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li60

h. Tungkai belakang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 bermodifikasi secara bera

ex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 BURUNG-BURUNG YANG HIDUP DI TANAH \par\pard\qj

scalex97 ga tidak\par\pard\ql \li1493\sb153\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc

\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 4. \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Pada sternum\par\par

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

alex97 membentuk\par\pard\qj \li1493\ri0\sb1\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars

0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 melekatnya bulu-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97

nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Eudromia \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6001\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-27

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

b140\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terbang berkembang dengan baik

\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs32 Struthioniformes\par\pard\ql \li1240\sb179\sl-368\sl

par\pard\ql \li741\sb184\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Tiga jari de

7 Contoh :\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 Contoh \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Ap

ebelah \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 dalam tidak memanjang \line \up0 \e

{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s

{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s

{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s

kadang-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kadang terdapat jari\par\pard\qj \li14

\sn geoRight}{\sv 9}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 10}}

\sn geoRight}{\sv 10}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 10}}

\sn geoRight}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 16010}}

\sn geoRight}{\sv 10}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 10}}

6\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6001\sb0\sl-27

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

i1853\sb185\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 menetas\par\pard\column \

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Agriocharis \par\pard\sect\

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

1132\sb184\sl-368\slmult0\fi1440\tx7002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 terduksi\tab

\expndtw0\charscalex101 yang merupakan kekecualian yang istimewa. \par\pard\ql

tw0\charscalex106 4. kaki berkembang baik dan umumnya berwarna. Jari-jari ada \l

umnya pola\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb1\sl-367\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 kr

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql

6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6001\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li60

precocial,dapat segera \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 berenang \tab \up0 \exp

lex105 dapat mengapung di\par\pard\ql \li891\sb0\sl-367\slmult0\tx1832\tx3692