1 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

Bi 1: Tnh gii hn ca hm sau:

x 0
tan x x
I lim
x sinx

Gii bi 1: Thy khi x 0 th gii hn cho c dng bt nh l
0
0
.
p dng quy tc LHospital:
( )( )
( )
2
2 2
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0
1
1
1 cos x 1 cos x
tanx x 1 cos x 2
cos x
lim lim lim lim 2
x sinx 1 cos x 1 cos x cos x cos x 1

+
+
= = = = =


Bi 2: Tnh gii hn sau y:
1
x
x
e 1
I lim
1
x
+

=
Gii bi 2:
Khi x + th gii hn cho c dng bt nh l
0
0
.
p dng quy tc LHospital
1
1
x
x
2
0
x x
2
1
e
e 1
x
I lim lim e 1
1 1
x x
+ +

= = = =
Bi 3: Tnh gii hn sau y:
x 0
ln x
I lim
1
x

=
Gii bi 3:
Khi x 0 th gii hn cho c dng bt nh l

.
p dng quy tc LHospital
x 0 x 0
2
1
ln x
x
I lim lim 0
1 1
x x

= = =

Bi 4: Tnh gii hn khi n N e , a 1 >
n
x
x
x
I lim
a
+
=
Gii bi 4:
Khi x +th gii hn c dng bt nh l

p dng quy tc LHospital
2 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

n n 1 n 2
x x x 2 x n
x x x x
x nx n(n 1)x n!
I lim lim lim lim 0
a a lna a (lna) a (lna)

+ + + +

= = = = = (v n l mt s)
Bi 5: Tnh gii hn sau y khi 0 >
x 0
I limx lnx

=
Gii bi 5:
Khi x0, gii hn cho c dng bt nh l 0., ta a v dng bt nh
0
0

x 0 x 0
ln x
I limx ln x lim
1
x

= =
p dng quy tc LHospital
( 1)
( 1)
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0
1
ln x ln x x x x x
x
I lim lim lim lim lim lim 0
1
x x x x
x

+
+

= = = = = = =


Bi 6: Tnh gii hn sau:
2
2
x 0
1
I lim cot x
x

| |
=
|
\ .

Gii bi 6:
Khi x 0 th gii hn cho c dng bt nh l
a v dng
0
0

2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
x 0 x 0 x 0
2
x 0
1 cos x 1 x cos x sin x
I lim cot x lim lim
x sin x x x sin x
xcos x sin x xcos x sin x
lim
x sin x sin x

| | | |
| |
= = =
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
+ (
| || |
=
| |
(
\ .\ .


Ti y tin hnh thay th VCB tng ng
Khi x 0 th ta c:
xcosx ~ x
sinx ~ x
x
2
sinx ~ x
3

Vy xcosx + sinx ~ x + x = 2x
xcosx sinx khng thay c VCB tng ng v x x = 0x
2 2
x 0 x 0 x 0
3 3
x 0 x 0 x 0
xcos x sin x xcos x sin x xcos x sin x xcos x sin x
I lim lim lim
x sin x sin x x sin x sin x
xcos x sin x 2x xcos x sin x
lim lim 2lim
x x x


+ ( +
| || | | | | |
= =
| | | |
(
\ .\ . \ . \ .


| | | | | |
= =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

p dng quy tc LHospital
3 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

3 2 2
x 0 x 0 x 0
x 0
xcos x sin x cos x xsin x cos x xsin x
I 2lim 2lim 2lim
x 3x 3x
1 sin x 1 2
2 lim 2 1
3 x 3 3

| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

Bi 7: Tnh gii hn sau y:
3
5
x 0
sin 1 x sin1
I lim
1 2xlncos x 1

+
=


Gii bi 7:
Nhn xt, v:
( )
3
x 0
lim sin 1 x sin1 0

+ = v
( )
5
x 0
lim 1 2xlncos x 1 0

= ta mi tin hnh thay th VCB

tng ng c.
3 3 3
3
5 5 5
x 0 x 0 x 0
1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1
2cos sin 2cos1 sin
sin 1 x sin1
2 2 2
I lim lim lim
1 2xlncos x 1 1 2xlncos x 1 1 2xlncos x 1

+ + + +

+
= = =


Khi x 0, ta c:
3 3 3 3
1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x x
sin ~ ~
2 2 2 2 4
+ +
=
2
5
3
2 2 2 2 x
1 2xlncos x 1~ xlncos x xln(1 cos x 1) ~ x(cos x 1) ~ x
5 5 5 5 2
x
5
| |
= +
|
\ .
=

Vy:
3
3
x 0
x
cos1
5
2
I lim cos1
x 2
5

= =
Bi 8: Tnh gii hn sau y:
2
2 x
x 4 2x 3 x
I lim
x 4 x
+
+ + +
=
+

Gii bi 8:
V
( ) ( )
2 2
x x
lim x 4 2x 3 x lim x 4 x
+ +
+ + + = + . + = + nn ta tin hnh thay VCL
tng ng c.
Khi x + ta tin hnh lt b cc VCL c bc thp hn, ch chn nhng VCL c bc cao
nht ca c t v mu.
2
x 4 ~ x + v
2
x 4 ~ x
Nh vy, ta c:
4 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

x
3x 3
I lim
2x 2
+
= =
Bi 9: Tnh gii hn sau y:
( )
2 3
x 0
ln 1 xtanx
I lim
x sin x

+
=
+

Gii bi 9:
V,
( ) ( )
2 3
x 0 x 0
limln 1 xtanx 0 lim x sin x 0

+ = . + = nn ta thay c cc VCB tng ng.
Khi x 0, ta tin hnh thay cc VCB tng ng:
( )
2
ln 1 xtanx ~ xtanx ~ x +
3 3
sin x ~ x
Di mu c
2 3
x x + , lt b VCB c bc cao hn, nh vy di mu ta c x
2

Nh vy:
2
2
x 0
x
I lim 1
x

= =
Bi 10: Tnh gii hn sau y:
( )
2
x 0
ln cos x
I lim
ln(1 x )

=
+

Gii bi 10:
V ( )
2
x 0 x 0
limln cosx 0 limln(1 x ) 0

= . + = nn thay VCB tng ng c.
Khi x 0, ta c:
2
x
ln(cos x) ln(1 cos x 1) ~ cos x 1~
2
= +
2 2
ln(1 x ) ~ x +
Nh vy:
2
2
x 0
x
1
2
I lim
x 2

= =
Bi 11: Tnh gii hn sau y:
( )
x 1
x 1
sin e 1
I lim
ln x

=
Gii bi 11:
V
( )
x 1
x 1 x 1
limsin e 1 0 limlnx 0

= . = nn thay VCB tng ng c.
( ) ( )
x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1
sin e 1 sin e 1
I lim lim
lnx ln(1 x 1)



= =
+

Khi x 1, ta c:
( )
x 1 x 1
sin e 1 ~ e 1~ x 1


5 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

ln(1 x 1) ~ x 1 +
Vy,
x 1
x 1
I lim 1
x 1

= =

Bi 12: Tnh gii hn sau y:
( )( )
x
3 4
x 0
e 1 cos x 1
I lim
sin x 2x

=
+

Gii bi 12:
V
( )( ) ( )
x 3 4
x 0 x 0
lim e 1 cosx 1 0 lim sin x 2x 0

(
= . + =

nn ta thay VCB tng ng c.
Khi x0, ta c:
x
e 1~ x v
2
x
cos x 1~
2
v
3 3
sin x ~ x
Nh vy,
3
3
x 0
x
1
2
I lim
x 2

= =
Bi 13: Tnh gii hn sau:
( )
2
2 x
x 0
sin2x 2arctan3x 3x
I lim
ln 1 3x sin x xe

+ +
=
+ + +

Gii bi 13:
V
( ) ( )
2 2 x
x 0 x 0
lim sin2x 2arctan3x 3x 0 lim ln 1 3x sin x xe 0

(
+ + = . + + + =

nn thay VCB
tng ng c.
Khi x0, ta c:
sin2x ~ 2x ; 2arctan3x ~ 6x ;
( )
2 2 2
ln 1 3x sin x ~ 3x sin x ~ 3x x + + + +
x
xe ~ x.1 x =
Nh vy, ta c:
x 0
8x
I lim 2
4x

= =
Bi 14: Tnh gii hn sau y:
2
2 x
x 4 2x 3 x
I lim
x 4 x
+
+ + +
=
+

Gii bi 14:
V
( ) ( )
2 2
x x
lim x 4 2x 3 x lim x 4 x
+ +
+ + + = + . + = + nn thay VCL tng ng
c.
Khi x +, ta c:
2
x 4 ~ x + ;
2
x 4 ~ x
6 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

Nhn thy VCL bc cao nht ca t v mu l bc 1, nn cc VCL c bc < 1 s b gin lc
i bt. Nh vy, ta c:
x
3x 3
I lim
2x 2
+
= =
Bi 15: Tnh gii hn sau y:
2
2 x
x 14 x
I lim
x 2 x
+
+ +
=
+

Gii bi 15:
V
( ) ( )
2 2
x x
lim x 14 x lim x 2 x
+ +
+ + = + . + = + nn ta thay VCL tng ng c.
Khi x +, ta c:
Ta thy:
( )
2
x
lim x 14 x
+
+ + = + v
( )
2
x
lim x 2 x
+
+ = +. Nn ta mi tin hnh thay VCL tng
ng c.
2
2
x 14 ~ x
x 2 ~ x
+

Nh vy,
x
2x
I lim 1
2x
+
= =
Bi 16: Tnh gii hn sau y:
2
2 x
x 14 x
I lim
x 2 x

+ +
=
+

Gii bi 16:
V
( ) ( )
2 2
x x
lim x 14 x 0 lim x 2 x 0

+ + = . + = nn ta khng th thay th VCL tng
ng c m ch c th tnh bng cc gii hn c bn hoc thay bng VCB tng ng
bng cch bin i biu thc.
#CCH 1:
2
2 2
2 x x x
2
2 2
14 14
x 1 x 1 1
x 14 x
x x
I lim lim lim
2 2 x 2 x
x x x 1 1
x x

+ + +
+ +
= = =
+ | | | |
+ + +
| |
\ . \ .

Khi x , ta c:
2 2 2
14 1 14 7
1 1~
x 2 x x
+ = ;
2 2 2
2 1 2 1
1 1~
x 2 x x
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

Nh vy,
7 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

2
x
2
7
x
I lim 7
1
x

= =

# CCH 2:
t t x =
Nh vy, gii hn cho tr thnh:
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 t t
2
2 t
t 14 t t 14 t t 2 t t 14 t
I lim lim
t 2 t t 2 t t 2 t t 14 t
14 t 2 t
lim
2
t 14 t
+ +
+
| |
+ + + + +
= = |
|
+ + +
\ .
| |
+
= |
|

+ +
\ .

Khi t +, ta c:
2
t 2 ~ t v
2
t 14 ~ t +
Nh vy,
t
14 2t 14
I lim 7
2 2t 2
+
| |
= = =
|

\ .

Bi 17: VCL no sau y c bc cao nht khi x +:
3
3x ln x + , xlnx , 3x ,
4
x(2 sin x) +
Gii bi 17:
(Phng php: Ging nh thut ton tm gi tr Max, th u tin ta gn mt phn t bt k
xem nh l n max ban u, sau so snh tip vi cc phn t khc. Nu c phn t no m
ln hn phn t gn ban u th gi tr Max s gn cho phn t mi . Tng t, so snh
dn dn v ta c gi tr Max nht trong dy)
Chn
3
3x ln x +
Khi x +th
3
3x ln x ~ 3x +
So snh vi hm k tip l xlnx:
x x
xlnx lnx
lim lim
3x 3
+ +
= = +
Nh vy: xlnx c bc cao hn 3x + ln
3
x
C
1
2
3x 3x = . Nh vy 3x + ln
3
x c bc cao nht l 1 b hn bc ca xlnx b loi. Trong
khi 3x c bc l 1/2 < 1 nn cng b loi.
Ta em hm xlnx so snh vi x(2 + sin
4
x):
4
x(2 sin x) ~ 2x + (do hm sinx l hm b chn)
x x
2x 2
lim lim 0
xlnx lnx
+ +
= = xlnx c bc cao hn x(2 + sin
4
x)
Vy: VCL c bc cao nht l xlnx
Bi 18: VCL no sau y c bc cao nht khi x +: 2
x
, x
2
, x
2
+ sin
4
x, xlnx
Gii bi 18:
Tng t bi 17.
8 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

Nhn nh u tin l gia 2
x
v x
2
th ta thy 2
x
l VCL c bc cao hn v 2
x
tin ra v cng
nhanh hn x
2
.
Xt
2 4 2
x sin x ~ x + (do hm sinx l hm b chn)
Nn 2
x
l VCL c bc cao hn x
2
+ sin
4
x
Tng t, ta thy xlnx tin ra v cng chm hn 2
x
, nh vy:
2
x
l VCL c bc cao nht khi x +
Bi 19: Tnh gii hn sau y:
1
x
x
x
I lim xe
+

=
Gii bi 19:
t t = -x, ta c gii hn sau:
#CCH 1:
1
t
t
1
t t
t
t
t
I lim te lim
e
| |

|
\ .
+ +

= =
Dng

. Tin hnh dng LHospital

1
t
t
t
2
1
I lim 0
1
1 e
t
+

= =
| |
+
|
\ .
. Do
1
t
t
2
t
1
lim 1 e
t

+
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

#CCH 2:
1
1
t
t
t
t
t t
t
I lim te lim e 0
e
| |

|
\ .
+ +

= = = (Do 0.1 = 0 v hm t chy ra v cng chm hn so vi hm e

t

nn t/e
t
= 0)
Vy
1
x
x
x
I lim xe 0
+

= =
Bi 20: Tnh gii hn sau y:
2
x
2
2
x
x 4
I lim
x 4
+
| | +
=
|

\ .

Gii bi 20:
Dng bt nh 1

2
2
2
2
2
2
x
8x
x 4
x 4
x
8x
2
lim 8
8
x 4
2 2
x x
x 4 8
I lim lim 1 e e
x 4 x 4
+

+ +
(
| | +
| |
(
= = + = =
| |
(

\ .
\ .
(


V
2
2
x
8x
lim 8
x 4
+
=

Bi 21: Tnh gii hn sau y:
( )
2
1
4
sin x
x 0
I lim 1 2x

= +
9 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

Gii bi 21:
Dng bt nh 1

( ) ( )
4
4
2
2
2 4
x 0
2x
2x
1 1
sin x lim
4 4
sin x
sin x 2x
x 0 x 0
I lim 1 2x lim 1 2x e 1

(
= + = + = =
(


V
4 4
2 2
x 0 x 0
2x 2x
lim lim 0
sin x x

= =
Bi 22: Tnh gii hn sau y:
( ) ( )
cot x
x 0
I lim ln e x

= +
Gii bi 22:
Dng bt nh 1

( ) ( )
x 0
2
cot x
cot x
cot x
x 0 x 0 x 0
x
ln 1 cot x
1
e
x
x lim ln 1 cot x
ln 1
I e
e
x 0
x x
I lim ln e x lim ln e 1 lim 1 ln 1
e e
x
lim 1 ln 1 e e
e


| |
+
|
\ .
| |
+ | |
|
+
| \ .
\ .

| |
( | |
| | | |
= + = + = + +
| | | | (
\ . \ .
\ .
\ .
(
| |
| |
(
= + + = =
| |
(
\ .
\ .


Tnh
2
x 0
x cos x 1
I limln 1
e sinx e

| |
= + =
|
\ .

V khi x 0 th
x x
ln 1 ~
e e
| |
+
|
\ .
; cosx ~ 1; sinx ~ x
Nh vy:
( ) ( )
1
cot x
e
x 0
I lim ln e x e

= + =
Bi 23: Tnh gii hn sau;
( )
2
1
2
sin 2x
x 0
I lim 1 tan x

=
Gii bi 23:
Dng bt nh 1

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
tan x
1
1
sin 2x
I 2 2
tan x
sin 2x
x 0 x 0
I lim 1 tan x lim 1 tan x e

(
= = + =
(


Tnh
2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 4
x 0 x 0 x 0
sin x
tan x sin x 1
cos x
I lim lim lim
sin 2x 4sin xcos x 4sin xcos x 4

= = = =
Nh vy,
( )
2
1 1
2
4
sin 2x
x 0
I lim 1 tan x e

= =

Bi 24: Tnh gii hn sau y:
10 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

( )
2
1
x
x 0
I lim cos x

=
Gii bi 24:
Dng bt nh 1

( ) ( )
2
2
x 0 2 2
cos x 1
cos x 1
1 1
lim
x
I
x
cos x 1 x
x 0 x 0
I lim cos x I lim 1 cos x 1 e e

(
= = = + = =
(


Tnh:
2 2
x 0
cos x 1
I lim
x

=
Khi x 0, cosx 1 ~ -x
2
/2
2
2
2 2
x 0 x 0
x
cos x 1 1
2
I lim lim
x x 2

= = =
( )
2
1
1
2
x
x 0
I lim cos x e

= =
Bi 25: Tnh gii hn sau y:
2
x
2
2
x
2x 3
I lim
2x 1
+
| | +
=
|

\ .

Gii bi 25:
Dng bt nh 1

2
2
2
2
4x
2x 1
2x 1
x
2
4
2
2 2
x x
2x 3 4
I lim lim 1 e
2x 1 2x 1

+ +
(
| | +
| |
(
= = + =
| |
(

\ .
\ .
(


V
2
2
x
4x
lim 2
2x 1
+
=

Bi 26: Tnh gii hn sau y:
x
1
x
x
1
I lim e
x
+
| |
= +
|
\ .

Gii bi 26:
Dng bt nh 1

t t = 1/x, ta c gii hn sau
( )
t
t 0 2
1 1
lim ln(e t )
I t
t t
t 0
I lim e t e e

(
+

= + = =
Tnh I
2

11 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

( ) ( )
t t t
2 t
t 0 t 0 t 0
t
t t t
t 0 t 0 t 0
1 1 1 t
I lim ln e t lim ln e t lim lne 1
t t t e
1 t 1 t 1
lim lne ln 1 lim t lim 1 2
t e t e e


(
| |
( (
= + = + = +
|
(

\ .

(
| | | | | |
= + + = + = + =
| | |
(
\ . \ . \ .


Nh vy,
x
1
2
x
x
1
I lim e e
x
+
| |
= + =
|
\ .