Morrison 1 Amy Morrison Tammy Frailly HUM 220-2W1 13 February 2014 Annotated Bibliography Cantor, Joel C, et al.

"Early Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On Health Insurance Coverage Of Young Adults." Health Services Research 47.5 (2012): 1773-1790. MEDLINE. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Joel Cantor et al. provides some research for one of the earliest phases for implementation of the Affordable Care Act. This study details how many of the previously uninsured 21 26 year olds were able to maintain policies under their parents plans. This article is mainly research on how the early implementation of this provision of the Affordable Care Act. This article offers specific statistics for how the uninsured population is affected by the implementation of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act. I will use it to discuss not only the population of uninsured young adults, but how this implementation affected their category of people. Cantor and his research partners included many statistics and research modeling in this paper. It was definitely written as a scholarly source, and intended to add to the research on this topic available. Grubers article The Impact of the Affordable Care Act discusses a case study based on a similar plan in Massachussets and what implications it has for the ACA implementation; however, Cantor focuses on research studies specific to the ACA itself. Crowley, Ryan A., and Thomas G. Tape. "Health Policy Basics: Health Insurance Marketplaces." Annals Of Internal Medicine 159.11 (2013): 784-786. Consumer Health Complete - EBSCOhost. Web. 01 Feb. 2014.

Morrison 2 Crowley and Tape discuss the various methods for signing up for health care via the marketplaces. They explain who oversees the marketplace, and was well as when the changes go into effect. They go one step further and explain what possible complications could arise from the marketplaces. The main idea of this article is that health care reform presents both unique trials and prospects for improvement. I will use this article to discuss the marketplace and how it is meant to work. In contrast to Greers article The States Role Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Crowley and Tape talk about how the marketplaces work, and where the states fall in that spectrum. This also discusses how each marketplace affects the overall efficiency of the implementation of ACA. Greer, Scott L. "The States' Role Under The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act." Journal Of Health Politics, Policy And Law 36.3 (2011): 469-473. MEDLINE. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Scott Greer wrote this article to discuss what role the individual states play in the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Additionally, this article covers how the states are required to comply by forming marketplaces where citizens can obtain healthcare in accordance with ACA. Greer also discusses the various statues built into the ACA to deal with states that refuse to comply or are slow to comply. The main purpose of this article is to discuss both why a federal mandate was required and how states must comply with the ACA or risk federal consequences. This article was included in a professional journal for healthcare policy and laws. Its most likely target audience would be lawyers that work in the health care and insurance fields. I will be using it to discuss how different states are affected by the federal subsidies or lack there of.

Morrison 3 Gruber, Jonathan. "The Impacts Of The Affordable Care Act: How Reasonable Are The Projections?." National Tax Journal 64.3 (2011): 893-908. Business Source Complete. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Gruber discusses the impact that Massachusetts Health Reform via a case study of that situation. He then uses this case study to draw correlations to the impacts of the ACA on overall health reform in the US at large. The main purpose of this article is to discuss how Gruber believes the ACA will affect the US health care system overall based on a similar model used to reform health care in Massachusetts. I will use this article to discuss the different potential implications as compared to what statistics are actually showing. This article is more conjecture than was Cantors concrete research, and shows a model of expected projections based on a case study. Despite its use of conjecture, it is a case study, and discusses the potential outcomes from implementing ACA. Harrington, Scott E. "U.S. Health-Care Reform: The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act." Journal Of Risk & Insurance 77.3 (2010): 703-708. Business Source Complete. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Harrington presents the Affordable Care Act as it will be implemented. He includes the provisions, tax implications, penalties, and projected costs and savings as a result of implementation. The main idea of the article is that despite the controversy of the health care legislation it is going to be a cost saver and is projected to increase the insured rate to more than 90%. The language of this article is mostly projections and was written in a profession journal for the insurance industry. Its purpose is to inform those that work in the insurance industry about the provisions of the ACA and the impact on the insurance market. I will be using this to discuss the specific provisions of the ACA and the penalties involved with not procuring

Morrison 4 insurance. Harrington discusses the implications for insurance, whereas Wocjik discussed the implications for the employers offering insurance and how it would impact them. Schoen, Cathy, et al. "How Many Are Underinsured? Trends Among U.S. Adults, 2003 And 2007." Health Affairs 27.(2008): w298-w309. Academic Search Complete. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. Schoen summarizes her studies on the underinsured and uninsured from 2003 2007. She highlights the rate of change in these fields and how that is affecting our economy at large. Additionally, this article provides definitions for uninsured and underinsured. Schoens main focus is to inform readers on the impacts and risks of being underinsured or uninsured and the age groups experiencing these hazards. This article was written with many facts and figures, and was meant to inform those that work in the health care field, and those that implement healthcare policies. While much of the information here is also available in the article detailing the survey results in Health Care Collectors Newsletter, this includes many other forms of analysis and interpretation. I will use this information to reinforce the before implementation statistics and to explicitly define underinsured. "Survey: 84 Million Uninsured Or Underinsured In In 2012." Health Care Collector: The Monthly Newsletter For Health Care Collectors 27.1 (2013): 3-5. Business Source Complete. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. This article details the number of people either uninsured or underinsured in 2012. The collection of information is discussed here as well as definitions of underinsured and how that equated to peoples medical care. The main purpose of this article is to highlight exactly what population the Affordable Care Act will be helping, and explain what provisions are being made to help this population. I will mainly use this article as a means to set up the background

Morrison 5 information for the before implementation phase of my research as a comparison for after implementation of the ACA. This article was written for the general public and using language that is easy to understand by most people. In comparison, Schoens article, "How Many Are Underinsured? Trends Among U.S. Adults, 2003 And 2007, is a more in depth look at the numbers of uninsured and underinsured. Taylor, James Stacey. "The Carelessness Of Affordable Care." The Hastings Center Report 42.5 (2012): 24-27. MEDLINE. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. James Taylor talks about the economic and health concerns with regards to the Affordable Care Act. His article speaks to the variety of arguments against the ACA, and also speaks of some of the reasons given to explain the need for health care reform. The main point of this article, is that although health care reform is needed, the ACA is not the best possible way to bring about the changes that are needed, and they will only create a different set of problems. This is written from a slightly political point of view and is for an audience of like-minded individuals. There are some arguments worth pursuing, and I am going to discuss the arguments against the usefulness of the ACA when introducing the background information for my research. Many of the articles I have read, lack any opposition to the ACA, and this one by comparison speaks of the opposing viewpoints and discusses the possibility that this might not have been the best health care reform bill. Wojcik, Steven E. "Implementing The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act: The Time Is Now." Benefits Quarterly 29.2 (2013): 30-33. Business Source Complete. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Steven Wojcik highlights the provisions employers are required to implement as part of the Affordable Care Act. His article discusses the various benefits to the company for

Morrison 6 maintaining these benefits and the penalties for not complying with the law. There is also a brief discussion on whether or not companies will decide to stop offering coverage because of the cost-benefit ratio. His main purpose in writing this article was to give information on the provisions being implemented in 2014 and how the business are reacting and implementing these new requirements. From this article, I plan to use the information regarding the businesses restructuring of health care benefits to meet guidelines but avoid penalties. This will allow me discuss how the business provisions are going to affect those currently insured. Wojcik wrote this article in an easy to read language; however, there is an underlying tone of business and its publication in Benefits Quarterly leads me to believe that the intended audience is business people and people that work in human resources related fields. These people would benefit most from the information contained within the article. Wojcik discusses the penalties and provisions that affect employers. By comparison, Harrington discusses the different penalties and provisions for the individual people.
Woolhandler, Stephanie, and David Himmelstein. "Healthcare Reform 2.0." Social Research 78.3 (2011): 719-730. Business Source Complete. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.

Woolhandler and Himmelstein seek to give an overview of how the healthcare reform came about and why it was necessary to seek to pass the ACA. They also discuss the payment system behind the insurance, and how it is contributing to the problems in the rising health care costs. The main point of the paper is to argue against corporate power asserting itself in health care reform. Like Gruber, they also discuss the Massachusetts model, and how it affects the national health care model. I will use this to discuss how the ACA is expected to impact individuals, and whether or not Americans are for or against the passage of a single-payer health

Morrison 7 care system. This paper was written as an academic piece for a sociological journal. Its most likely audience would be sociologists and those interested in how health care reform came to be.