Manual For Fighter Gun Harmonization

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AAF MANUAL 200-1
30 JANUARY 1945
HEADQUARTERS, ARMY AIR FORCES

WASHINGTON, D.C.
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
Foreword
FOREWORD
This Manual contains harmonization data supplemental to that issued in technical
orders and consolidated simplified aircraft ballistic data extracted from aircraft
firing tables. The harmonization patterns were compiled at the proving ground
command to facilitate the conduct of service tests on aircraft weapons. The
ballistic data was supplied by the Chief of Ordnance, Ballistics Branch. These types
of data are combined in a single publication for general use by Army Air Forces
officers. Further work by the Proving Ground Command and other field installations will be disseminated in revisions to this Manual. The patterns for harmonization contained herein are indorsed by Army Air Forces but may be amended by
each individual station in accordance with local conditions to obtain effective
fire power.
THE OTTERBEIN PRFSS

MARCH ,
19~5
DAYTON, OHIO
S,()OO
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section A .. .... .. ......... . . . .. .. . .. ..... Harmonization Notes
Section B .... . ..... . ... .... .. . . . .. .. .... Boresighting Procedure
Section C .... . . . .. . . . . . . . Sample of Harmonization Computations
Section D .. .. .. . .. . ... .. ... .... . . Present Range Ballistic Tables
Section E .. . . . ..... . ............... Future Range Ballistic Tables
Section F . . .... . . . ... ........ . ..... . .. Plotted Trajectdry Curves
Section G .. ..... . ........... . .............. Miscellaneous Data
Section H . . ..... . ...... . .. : .. . .... Fighter Harmonization Charts
Section
11
J. . . .......... . ..... . Miscellaneous Harmonization Charts
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
INTRODUCTION
1. The maximum range for harmonization used in this
Manual is 2000 feet. Although the effective range for
actual firing is 1200 feet maximum, a harmonization
I
based on 1200 feet would result 1fi the same bullet patterns as for 2000-foot harmonization, and the latter has
the added advantage of the aircraft being harmonized
for the extra 800 feet should the tactical requirements
necessitate firing at the longer range.
2. The phase "angle of attack" (ap) referred to herein

is defined as that angle between the fuselage leveling
[ugs and the flight path of the aircraft. The data on
angle of attack used were derived from the following
sources, from which the lift coefficient curves were
computed and the angle of .attack figures worked out
for the various weights, speeds, and "g's" required.
a. Wright Field.
b. Technical Orders.
c. Manufacturer's Data.
3. The boresight targets shown are for 1000 inches and

for 500 feet. If the demand for targets at longer ranges
presents itself, these additional targets will be furhished at a later date.
~. All ballistic data were ob~ained from Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, \Md., and any que,;tions or discrepancies concerning these data should be referred to that source.
~. The ballistic characteristics of caliber 0.50 M2 and

A.P.I. IM8 ammunition are essentially the same, and
even though the harmonization charts are computed
for M2, the A.P.I. M8 can be used. However, new data
will be supplied based on A.P.I. M8 at a later date.
6. Section C is included primarily as a technical expla~ation of the method used in computing the harmonization charts, and is not intended to be used in the field
unless a specific duty of harmonization is made.
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Introduction
Section A
Pa ragraphs 1-7
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
SECTION A
HARMONIZATION NOTES
1. INTRODUCTION.
a. The following study shows the method used to
arrive at a practical arrangement of fixed guns on

fighter aircraft. The data _and results obtained are
derived from various sources including Technical Orders, test reports, ballistics from Aberdeen, flight missions, discussions with gunnery officers, and the experience of combat pilots.
2. TYPES OF HARMONIZATION.
a. It is found that the type known as "Point Har-
monization" does not make the most efficient use of

the available fire power. In its place, it is recommended
that "Pattern Harmonization" be used; that is, that the
fixed guns be boresighted so that their trajectories produce a desirable pattern as near uniform as possible in
shape and projectile density over the entire range of
fire. A range of 2000 feet is considered maximum for
harmonization.
b. This harmonization is such that the sight line is
always approximately in the center of the projectile
pattern throughout the 2000-foot range, when flying at
the Basic Harmonization. Consequently the pilot is relieved of any mental calculation of range versus projectile drop.
c. The necessity for computing the proper "lead" is
not eliminated by this harmonization. The subject of
lead is well covered by other sources and, therefore,
will not be considered here.
3. BALLISTIC DATA.
a. Ballistic data are procured from Aberdeen Prov-
ing Ground, but interpolation is necessary in some cases

to obtain the necessary ballistic curves for specific altitudes or airspeeds not covered by Aberdeen. This interpolation can readily be computed to an accuracy
-sufficient for all practical purposes and will serve as
a mathematical basis for figuring harmonization.
b. In the use of published ballistic data, a complete
understanding of phraseology is required. The data
under the phrases "Present Range" or "Air to Ground"
should be used for forward firing fixed guns, and can
be interpolated from data under "Future Range" or
"Air to Air."
4. ANGLE OF ATTACK.*
a. The angle of attack of the fighter aircraft for all
speeds, loading conditions, and "g's" should be found

as accurately as possible. The angle of attack is the
angle between the fuselage leveling lugs and the flight
path. The harmonization data in this Manual is based
on the best available data on angle of attack.
"For harmonization purposes.
b. Since the guns on the fighter aircraft are fixed in

relation to the fuselage leveling lugs, the angle of attack
therefore governs the angle the guns make with the
flight path. This angle in turn determines the "Effective Bore" and is, therefore, a critical factor in figuring
the harmonization of the sight line and the projectile
patterns.
5. EFFECTIVE BORE.
a. When a fixed gun is so set as to make an angle

with the flight path, the projectile has two forces acting
upon it. One is the muzzle velocity, or the force with
which the powder explosion sends the projectile from
the muzzle, and the otherI force is the forward velocity
of the firing aircraft. Th!,!se two forces resolve into one
which is the resultant, and is known as the "Effective
Bore." In order to harmonize correctly, this effective
bore must be computed. This action holds true in both
vertical and plan harmonization.
6. PROJECTILE DROP.
a. When harmonization is figured, the projectile

drop due to gravity to be used is based on the desired
speed and altitude for this harmonization. Then, if the
aircraft fires at some other speed or altitude, there is
naturally a difference in projectile drop between that
used for the harmonization and that at the other speed
or altitude. But this difference is of a negligible quantity, the magnitude of tHe error in caliber 0.50 A.P. M2
being 1;2 mil at lOOO-foot range.
b. When the firing ait craft is in a dive and the wing

tips are parallel to the earth, the drop of the projectile
measured at right angles Ito the extended bore is approximately equal to the drop in level flight multiplied by
the cosine of the angle of dive. This change is of such
small magnitude up to '30-degree dive that it may be
disregarded.
c. No matter what the attitude of the firing aircraft,

the projectile drop is in la vertical plane perpendicular
to the earth, measured from 'the extended effective bore.
d. Projectile drop itse~f is not affected by the aircraft
pulling "g's." But any action of the aircraft that
changes its angle of attack, that is, changes in indicated
air speed or number of "g's," affects the angle between
the gun bore and flight path and brings into play the
"Effective Bore" action previously discussed, and this
indirectly causes the trajectory shift in relation to the
sight line.
7. BASIC HARMONIZAiI'ION.
a. Basic harmoniz~tion is figured for altitude, air

speed, aircraft weight, and number of "g's" which con-
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
stitute the average condition at which combat firing

will probably occur. In basic harmonization it is of
vital importance to obtain as great an angle of visibility as possible over the nose of the aircraft. To accomplish this, the sight line has to be raised to its maximum, limited only by the amount that the guns can be
elevated. The guns are elevated to their maximum and
the sight is set so as to harmonize with the effective
trajectory curve. This method will give the sight its
greatest angle over the nose of the aircraft. From this
basic harmonization, the mil angle of trajectory shift,
shown as "fL" in the harmonization charts, and which
is due to flying under any ottier condition that causes
a change in angle of attack, can be computed.
Sections A-B
8. GENERAL.
a. It is recommended that for most cases the included
harmonization charts be used, unless specific tactical
requirements necessitate a deviation. All possible care
should be taken to align the guns as accurately as possible to the boresight targets, and all mounts, etc.,
checked so as to eliminate any error due to movement
of guns.
h. Even though the aircraft is harmonized perfectly,
there is no substitute for accuracy in shooting and
estimating lead. Pattern boresighting will be a great
help in deflection shooting and firing at longer ranges,
and yet will be just as satisfactory for the close-range
shots.
SECTION B
A BORESIGHTING PROCEDURE FOR FIXED GUNS
IN FIGHTER AIRCRAFT
(A) BY USE O,F THE
1000-INCH BORESIGHT TARGET
1. Select a level strip of grourld and place a boresight

target 1000 inches (83 feet, 4 ihches) from the approximate mean of the gun trunnion bolts of the aircraft.
2. Level the aircraft on both axes and fix firmly by the
means of weights, jacks, etc. (rJevel fuselage by placing
level on fuselage leveling lugs.)
3. . Draw a vertical line on the target, in line with the
center' line of the aircraft, by attaching plumb bobs to
the aircraft centers and sightirlg along the plumb bob
cords. On aircrafts with nose wheels, allowances must
be made for the plumb bobs not being on the center
line of the aircraft.
4. Place a sight line level indicator on gun-sight glass
reflector and, without turning Io n reticle light, project
a level point from sight to target. Draw a horizontal
line on WOO-inch target through this point and through
the vertical line as found in step 3. This intersection
will be a point from sight parallel to fuselage leveling
lugs.
,
5. With the point found in step 4 already located on
boresight board as a starting P9int, mark off to proper
dimensions the points where the fixed sight line and
guns are to be aimed, copying data from included harmonization diagram, or from data figured by a responsible officer.
6. With sight line level indicator removed from gun
sight, next turn on reticle light and adjust sight so that
reticle pip points to mark on boresight target for sight
pip. The gun sight will now be aligned in azimuth and
zenith for the basic harmonization.
7. With boresight tool, align the guns to point at their
respective targets.
(B) BY THE USE OF THE
SOO-FOOT BORESIGHT AND FIRE-IN TARGET
8. In using the 500-foot target the same procedure as

outlined in steps 1 through. 7 is to be followed, with
the exception that the target is to be 500 feet from the
aircraft.
9. Fire a burst of 10 rounds. The center of impact of
these hits should fall on the predicted center of impact
previously marked on the target, thus giving the correct boresighting.1f these points do not coincide, adjust
the guns until such is accomplished.
10. Either the WOO-inch boresight target or the 500foot boresight and fire-in target may be used, but the
500-foot target method is found to be more accurate.
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section C
Paragraphs 1-3
SECTION C
HARMONIZATION
The Following Is an Example of the Computations and Method Used in
Harmonizing a P-51 D Airplane
1. DATA NEEDED.
a. Basic harmonization condition, or the average
that the aircraft will fly during combat:
Calibrated indicated air speed = 300 miles per hour.
True air speed = 373 miles per hour.
Altitude = 15000 feet.
Level flight, or 1 "g."
Average combat weight = 9500 pounds.
Angle of attack = ap = +13 mils.
b. Location of the guns: side and plan dimensions in
reference to the optical sight and the aircraft center
line.
c. Maximum angle the guns will elevate in respect
to the fuselage leveling lugs. (From the Technical Orders = 10+ mils.)
d. Find angle of attack of aircraft in reference to the
fuselage leveling lugs for all speeds in which the aircraft might fire in level flight, 1 to 4 "g's," and in 30degree dive or climb, 1 to 4 "g's."
e. Find the trajectory curve for the projectile to be
used for the speed and altitude of the basic harmonization. The data can be interpolated from Aberdeen Proving Ground publications.
f. Formulae Used:
E = Vi (age)
Vm
E = Vi (agf)
E . - ViI (agil)
-
ViI
+ Vm
agil = aPI - ap
When:
/J.
of attack or the mil angle between the fuselage

leveling lugs and the flight path, condition in question.
= Mil angle between the fixed sight line and the projectile pattern or a cti>rrected sight line, condition in
question.
2. PLOTTING TRAJECTORIES.
a. SKETCH "A."-Draw trajectory curve from data
found in "l.e." (Scale recommended: horizontal, 1 inch
= 100 feet; vertical, 1 inch = 20 feet.) Locate the sight
in relation to the guns. Draw in separate sight line
for each gun, harmonizing each around the projectile
path as desired.
b. SKETCH "B." -Redraw "A" so that each of the
three sight lines fall in one line and by measuring the
drop from each sight lir;'-e layout the trajectory curve
of all guns. At a convenient range, 1000 feet, measure
the distance the projectile is above or below the sight
line for each gun. This distance, known as "A," will be
used later. The completed drawing will be the side pattern of the projectiles while flying at the basic harmonization.
c. SKETCH "C."-Draw a plan of the projectile
paths. Make each intersect the projected center line of
the aircraft at the range desired.
d. By plotting from the sketches Band C a projectile
pattern can be drawn for any range up to 2000 feet.
Changes will undoubtedly have to be made in the gun
arrangement in order to achieve the desired patterns.
3. BASIC HARMONliATION-TO SIGHT LINE-SIDE.
a. Find the mil angle of the effective bore line in
relation to the fixed sight line for each gun, in side
view.
Vi+Vm
I
ap,= Angle
+ agi
p.=EI-E
Effective bore line
E = Mil angle
between the effective bore line and the fixed

bore line, under the basic condition.
= Mil angle between the effective bore line and the fixed
bore line, condition in question.
Vj = True air speed of firing aircraft in feet per second,
basic condition.
Vj, = True air speed of firing aircraft in feet per second,
condition in question.
Vm = Muzzle velocity of projectile in feet per second.
age = Mil angle between the flight path and the effective bore
line, basic condition.
agj = Mil angle between the flight path and the fixed bore
line, basic condition.
agf, = Mil angle between the flight path and the fixed bore
line, condition in question.
ap = Angle of attack or the mil angle between the fuselage
leveling lugs and the flight path, basic condition.
-Fixedl
E,
Sight
sight line
c. D
Gun'1
A
B
1000
"
1000'=12000"
= Distance in inches between projectile and

= Projectile drop in inches at 1000 feet.
sight line.
C = Vertical distance in inches, at aircraft, between sight and

gun trunnion.
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Section C
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
2. Plotting Trajectories:
Sight
Bore line
Trajectory:/'
Cal 0.50 APM 2
TAS =373 mph
Alt 15000 ft
No.2 guns
No.1 guns
No. 3 guns
SKETCH "A"
1000'
Range in feet
2000 '
Fixed sight line

No.3 guns
Sight
No.1 guns
No.2 guns
Gun,
SKETCH "8"
Parallel
Center line of
aircratt
Sight
No.1 gun
No.2 gun
No.3 gun
No.1 gun
No.2 gun
No.3 gun
11997/1
13189/1
14400/1 = 1200 '
SKETCH "C"
1000'
Range. in feet
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2000'
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section C
Paragraphs 3-4
For N o.1 gun:
C.
Find location of fixed sight line:
D = C + B +(A ) : C = 44.7"; B = 20.0";

A = - 3"; D = 44.7 + 20.0 +( -3) = 61.7"
Then by similar triangles:
61.7
1000(12) = 1000; x =
51
.
'1
Line parallel ta
fuselage leveling \ugs
ml S
~- .._
(This is the mil angle the effective bore line of No. 1

gun should point above the fixed sight line to properly
harmonize.)
Fixed sight line
Effective bare line,
For No.2 gun:
Line parallel 10 fuselage leveling lugs
C = 44.0"; B = 20.0";
D = 44.0 + 20.0 +
50.0
x
1000(12) = 1000; X =
A = - 14";
(-14) = 50.0"
42 '1
. ml S
ocge = 18.3 1
G~~~~~~~~~~------~F~lig~h~lp~a~lh~
OC p.= 13,0
For No.3 gun:
C = 43.5"; B = 20.0"; A = +12.0" ;

D = 43.5 + 20.0 + (+12.0) = 75.5"
75.5
x
63 '1
1000(12) = 1000; x = . ml s
Therefore:
Fixed sight line is 12.0 mils above the flight pathbasic harmonization.
Fixed sight line is 1.0 mil below the fuselage leveling lugs.
Therefore:
No.1 gun's effective bore line is up 5.1 mils from the
fixed sight line.
fixed sight line.
fixed sight line.
4. BASIC HARMONIZATION-TO FLIGHT PATH-SIDE.
a. From3.a' J it can be seen that the No. 3 gun
elevates the most. According to Technical Orders, the
guns elevate 10+ mils, but for safety use 9 mils. Elevate
No. 3 gun 9.0 mils in relation to the fuselage leveling
lugs.
b. Find the effective bore line for No.3 gun:
d. Find the fixed bore line in relation to the flight

pMh:
.
No, 1 gun:
= 17.1 mils
= 547.~~~~17.1) = 3.5 mils
age = 12.0 + 5.1
E= VfVc;:e)
agf = 17.1 + 3.5 = 20.6 mils
No.2 gun:
+ 4.2 = 16.2 mils

- 33 '1
E-- 547.067(16.2)
2700 ,
- . ml S
age
= 12.0
agf = 16.2 + 3.3 = 19.5 mils
No.3 gun:
age = 12.0 + 6.3 = 18.3 mils
- 37 '1
E-- 547.067(18.3)
2700
- . ml S
Fixed bore line, No. 3 gun
Parallel to
\
Sight
effective
bore line
~------:7L...\c:-::::''''':::''--:::::?'"""''=---~
No.1 gun:
Fixed' bore line above the flight path = 21.6 mils
Flight pair
No.2 gun:
Fixed bore line above the flight path = 19. ~ mils
Gun
-'
Flight path
Vf(agj)
E= Vf
+ Vm
age
6
gun)
- 3.7
= 22.0
547.067(22.0) -37 '1 (N 3

547.067 + 2700 - . ml S o.
18.3 mils (No.3 gun)
agf = 18.3 + 3.7 . 22.0 mils

e. Find average fixed bore:
No.3 gun:
Fixed bore line above the flight path = 22.0 mils
3)62.1 mils
20.7 mils=
agf (average) = average fixed bore line above the
flight path-basic harmonization.
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
5. TRAJECTORY SHIFT.
a. Find jJ., or the mil angle the projectile pattern
moves from the fixed sight line while flying at other
than basic conditions:
lAS = 250 mph; T AS = 250 mph; Altitude = 0';
"lg"; aPl = 30 mils.
agfl
= apl
ap + agf
37.7 mils
= 30.0
- 13.0 + 20.7 -
Section C
Paragraphs 5-6
No.3 guns:
1~~0 = 500~12);
x = 54.0"; 43.5 - 54.0

1000-inch target.
- 10.5" -
c. Horizontal Dimensions-WOO-inch Target.

From 2.c, can be found the points where the effective bore line, in plan, crosses the center line of the
aircraft.
- VIl (agf) _ 366.67 (37.7) - 45 '1

El-Vfl+Vm
-366.67 + 2700- . mlS
- Vf(agf) - 547.067(20.7) - 35 '1
E - Vf+Vm - 547.067 +2700 - . mlS
p.
p.
(AverageE)
= El -E
= 4.5 - 3.5
Effective bore line
Sight
+ 1.0 mils
Continue the same method for
"jJ."
for all conditions.
6 . FIGURING THE BORESIGHT TARGETS:

a. Vertical Dimension-WOO-inch Target:
From 4.e. can be found the mil angle the fixed bore
line makes with the flight path. From this subtract the
mil angle of attack for the basic harmonization. The
answer will be the mil angle between the fixed bore line
and the fuselage leveling lugs.
Therefore:
No.1 guns: 20.6 - 13.0 = 7.6 mils
No.2 guns: 19.5 - 13.0 = 6.5 mils
No.3 guns: 22.0 - 13.0 = 9.0 mils
No.1 guns: 44.7 - 7.6 = 37.1" (Vertical distance, at
WOO-inch target, from a point from the sight parallel
to the fuselage leveling lugs, to the extended bore.)
No.2 guns: 44.0 - 6.5 = ' 37.5" (Vertical distance, at
No.3 guns: 43.5 - 9.0 = 34.5" (Vertical distance, at
b. Vertical Dimension-500-foot Target:
Gun*,
1000 " ..
Range
No~ 1 guns:
By similar triangles:
1000
79.1
11997; x
= age
= 547.067(6.6) = 1.3 mils
E=
6.6 mils
Vf(age)
Vm
2700
agf = 6.6 + 1.3 = 7.9 mils
79.1 - 7.9 = 71.2" (Horizontal distanc.e, at WOO-inch
target, from center line of aircraft to extended bore.)
No.2 guns:
x
1000
87.1
= 13189;
6.6 mils
067 (6.6)
E= 547,.2700
No.1 guns:
agf = 6.6 + 1.3 = 7.9 mils
7.6
1000 = 500(12); x =
87.1 - 7.9 = 79.2" - 1000-inch target
456
.
44.7 - 45.6 = -0.9" (Vertical distance, at 500-foot

target, from a point from the sight parallel to the
fuselage leveling lugs, to the extended bore.)
No.3 guns:
x
x = 39.0; 44.0 - 39.0

+ 5.0" - 1000-inch target.
95.1
= 6.6 mils
E = 547.067(6.6)
2700
=.13 ml'1 s
= 7.9 mils
1000
No.l guns:
1~~0 = 600~12);
=.1 3 ml'1 s
= 14400;
agf = 6.6 + 1.3

95.1 - 7.9 = 87.2" - 1000-inch target
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section C
Paragraph 6
No. 1 guns:
d. Horizontal Harmonization- SOO-foot Target:
7.9_
x
.
_ 474"
1000 -500 (12)' x .
79.1 - 47.4 = +31.7"
Effective bore line

Sight
----------::7"'''''---it---
."",-r
G
Center line
of
mils
500 '
aircraft
(Horizontal distance, at 500-foot target, from center of

aircraft to the extended bore.)
No.2 guns:
7.9
x
474"
1000 = 500(12); x = .
87.1 -47.4 = 39.7" = 500-foot target
No.3 guns:
7.9
1000 = 500(12); x =
95.1 - 47.4 = 47.7"
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474"
.
= 500-foot target
Section 0
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AAF MANUAL 200-1
SECTION D
PRESENT RANGE BALLISTIC TABLES
0.-50 CALIBER
A.P. M2 PROJ ECTI LE
PRESENT RANGE
M.V.=2,700 ft/sec
FORWARD FIRE
TOP LINE: VERTICAL DEFLECTION IN INCHES

BOTTOM LINE: TIME OF FLIGHT IN SECONDS
Altitude True Cal. Ind.

in
Air
Air
Feet Speed Speed
AUTHORITY:
Aberdeen Data FT. 50-AC-M-l; and
1st I nd. to letter from Ord. Dept.
Eglin Field, Fla. 15 April, 1944 to
Chief of Ord. Washington, D.C.
RANGE I N FEET
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
(1)
.08
5
.16
(11)
.24
19
.32
(30)
.40
43
.49
(60)
.58
80
.67
(104)
132
.87
4
.15
3
.13
3
.13
(9)
.22
(7)
.20
(7)
.19
16
.30
13
.27
12
.25
(26)
.38
(21)
.34
(19)
.32
. 38
.46
31
.41
28
.39
(53)
.54
(43)
.49
(39)
.46
70
.63
58
.57
51
.53
(90)
(76)
.66
(66)
.61
114
.81
96
.74
83
.69
.06
(1)
.06
4
.15
3
.13
3
.13
(9)
.22
(7)
.20
(7)
.19
16
.30
l3
.27
12
.25
(25)
.37
(21)
.34
(19)
.32
37
.45
31
.41
28
.39
(51)
.53
(43)
.48
(38)
.45
67
.61
57
.56
50
.52
(86)
.70
(73)
.64
(64)
.59
108
.78
91
.71
80
.67
(1)
.07
(1)
.06
(1)
.06
4
.14
3
.l3
3
.13
(9)
.22
(7)
.20
(7)
.19
16
.29
l3
.27
12
.25
(25)
.37
(21)
.34
(19)
.31
36
.44
31
.41
27
.38
(49)
.52
(42)
.48
(37)
.44
65
60
56
.55
48
.51
(83)
.68
104
.76
89
.70
(1)
.07
(1)
.06
(1)
.06
4
.14
3
.13
3
.12
(9)
.21
(7)
.20
(7)
.19
15
.28
13
.26
12
.25
(24)
.36
(21)
.33
(18)
.31
35
.43
30
.40
26
.37
(48)
.51
(41)
.47
(36)
.43
63
.58 .
54
.54
47
.50
(80)
.66
(69)
.61
(60)
.56
99
.73
86
.68
74
.63
(1)
4
.14
3
.13
3
.11
(9)
.21
(7)
.19
(6)
.17
15
.28
l3
.26
11
.23
(23)
.35
(20)
.32
(17)
.29
34
.42
29
.39
25
.36
(47)
.50
(40)
.46
(34)
.42
61
.57
52
.52
45
.48
(77)
95
.71
82
.66
71
.61
150
150
300
300
450
450
(1)
.07
(1)
.06
(1)
.06
7000
150
l35
(1)
_.07
7000
300
271
7000
450
409
15000
150
119
15000
300
240
15000
450
364
30000
150
92
30000
300
187
30000
450
284
50000
150
58
50000
300
119
50000
450
183
(1)
.07
(1)
.06
(1)
.06
Figures in parentheses are from graphic tabulations
.77
.72
(71)
.62
(62)
.58
.64
(66)
.59
(57)
.55
77
.65
0.50 CALI BER
APPLIED BALLISTIC AND DESIGN SECTION, PROOF DIVISION, A.A.F.P.G.C., EGLIN FIELD, FLA. DWG. No. B-T44 DATE: 6-10-44
RESTRICTED
CIt
CD
n
CALIBER 0.50
"PRESENT RANGE" or Range is the distance from a stationary point (the muzzle of the gun at
time of fire) to the projectile at every instant.
AZIMUTH=O Mils
ZENITH=1,600 Mils
Guns mounted in aircraft in horizontal flight.
A. P. M2
M. V.=2,700 ft per sec

Air
Density
True
Air
Speed
1.0
1.0
150
1.0
300 .
1.0
450
0.8
150
-I
0.8
300
n
-I
0.8
450
0.6
150
0.6
300
0.6
450
0.4
150
0.4
300
0.4
450
0.2
150
0.2
300
0.2
450
;:Ia
CIt
;:Ia
200
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.06
Leller 00 063.2/3105. lst Ind., Incl l'
400
4
0.15
4
0.13
4
0.13
3
0.13
4
0.14
4
0.13
3
0.12
4
0.14
4
0.13
3
0.12
4
0.14
4.
0.13
3
0.12
4
0.14
4
0.13
3
0.12
600
10
0.23
9
0.22
8
0.20
7
0.19
9
0.21
8
0.20
7
0.18
9
0.21
8
0.20
7
0.18
8
0.21
8
0.20
7
0.18
8
0.21
8
0.20
8
0.18
800
18
0.31
16
0.29
14
0.27
12
0.26
16
0.28
14
0.27
12
0.24
16
0.28
14
0.27
12
0.24
15
0.28
14
0.27
12
0.24
15
0.28
14
0.26
13
0.24
1000
29
0.40
25
0.37
22
0.34
19
0.32
25
0.36
21
0.34
19
0.31
24
0.35
22
0.33
19
0.31
23
0.35
21
0.33
19
0.31
24
0.35
22
0.33
19
0.30
1200
43
0.49
37
0.45
32
0.42
28
0.39
36
0.44
31
0.41
27
0.38
35
0.43
31
0.40
27
0.38
34
0.42
30
0.40
27
0.37 .
34
0.42
31
0.39
27
0.36
O
:::I
RANGE IN FEET
1400
1600
60
80
0.67
0.58
51
69
0.53
0.62
45
60
0.50
0.58
52
39
0.53
0.46
50
66
0.52
0.60
57
43
0.48
0.56
37
50
0.52
0.45
48
64
0.51
0.59
42
56
0.54
0.47
37
49
0.45
0.51
62
47
0.57
0.49
41
54
0.47
0.54
36
47
0.43
0.50
61
47
0.56
0.49
42
55
0.46
0.52
48
37
0.49
0.42
1800
104
0.77
89
0.71
77
0.66
67
0.61
85
0.69
74
0.64
64
0.60
82
0.67
71
0.62
62
0.58
79
0.65
69
0.61
60
0.56
78
0.63
69
0.59
61
0.55
2000
132
0.87
112
0.80
97
0.74
84
0.69
107
0.78
93
0.72
80
0.68
102
0.75
89
0.70
77
0.65
98
0.73
86
0.68
75
0.63
96
0.70
85
0.66
75
0.61
2200
164
0.98
139
0.90
119
0.83
104
0.77
132
0.87
114
0.81
99
0.75
125
0.84
109
0.77
95
0.72
119
0.80
105
0.76
91
0.70
116
0.78
102
0.72
90
0.68
2400
200
1.09
169
1.00
145
0.92
127
0.86
160
0.96
138
0.89
120
0.83
151
0.92
131
0.85
114
0.79
143
0.88
126
0.82
109
0.77
138
0.85
121
0.79
107
0.74
2600
241
1.20
203
1.10
174
1.01
152
0.95
191
1.05
165
0.97
143
0.91
180
1.01
156
0.93
135
0.86
169
0.96
149
0.90
129
0.84
162
0.93
142
0.86
125
0.80
2800
287
1.32
242
1.21
207
1.11
180
1.04
226
1.15
194
1.06
169
0.99
211
1.09
182
1.01
159
0.94
198
1.04
173
0.97
150
0.92
189
1.00
166
0.93
145
1.87
3000 I
339 I
1.44
285
1.32
244
1.21
212
1.13
264
1.25
227
1.15
198
1.07
246
1.18
212
1.10
185
1.02
230
1.13
200
1.05
174
0.97
217
1.08
191
1.00
166
0.93
Ballistic Research laboratory, Ab erdeen Proving Ground, Md., December 1 944
~
~
""
;:Ia
3: m
~~
Z1:!!
Cn
~-I
r-m
to.)
o
o
CALIBER 0.50
AZIMUTH=O Mils
ZENITH=1,600 Mils
API M8
M. V. =2,870 ft per sec

Air
Density
True
Air
Speed
1.0
1.0
150
1.0
300
1.0
450
0.8
150
'"-t2!!
0.8
300
-t
0.8
'"
m
m
C
~50
0.6
150
0.6
300
0.6
450
0.4
150
0.4
300
0.4
450
0.2
150
0.2
300
0.2
450
200
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.05
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.06
1.
0.06
letter 00 063 .2/ 3105, 1st Ind., Incl 2
400
4
0.14
4
0.13
3
0.12
3
0.12
4
0.13
3
0.13
3
0.12
4
0.13
3
0.13
3
0.11
. 4
0.13
3
0.12
3
0.11
3
0.13
3
0.12
3
0.11
600
9
0.22
8
0.20
7
0.19
6
0.18
8
0.20
6
0.19
6
0.18
8
0.20
6
0.19
6
0.17
8
0.20
'6
0.18
6
0.17
7
0.20
6
0.18
6
0.17
800
17
0.30
14
0.27
12
0.26
11
0.24
14
0.21
12
0.26
10
0.24
14
0.27
11
0.25
11
0.23
14
0.27
11
0.24
10
0.23
13
0.27
11
0.24
10 ,
0.23
1000
26
0.38
22
0.35
19
0.33
17
0.30
22
0.35
19
0.32
16
0.30
21
0.34
18
0.32
17
0.29
22
0.33
18
. 0.31
16
0.29
21
0.33
18
0.31
16
0.29
1200
39
0.46
33
0.43
28
0.40
25
0.37
32
0.42
28
0.39
24
0.36
31
0.41
27
0.38
24
0.36
31.
0.40
27
0.38
23
0.35
30
0.40
26
0.37
23
0.35
RANGE IN FEET
1400
1600
1800
54
72
93
0.55
0.64
0.73
62
46
80
0.51
0.59
0.67
39
53
69
0.47
0.55
0.63
35
46
60
0.44
0.51
0.58
44
59
76
0.49
0.57
0.65
39
51
66
0.46
0.54
0.61
34
45
58
0.43
0.50
0.57
43
57
73
0.48
0.56
0.63
38
50
64
0.45
0.52
0.59
33
44
56
0.42
0.49
0.55
42
56
71
0.47
0.54
0.62
37
48
61
0.51
0.44
0.57
32
42
54
0.41
0.48
0.54
41
54
68
0.47
0.53
0.60
36
46
59
0.50
0.56
0.43
31
41
52
0.41
0.46
0.52
2000
118
0.83
101
0.76
87
0.71
76
0.66
96
0.73
83
0.68
73
0.64
92
0.71
80
0.66
70
0.62
88
0.69
76
0.64
67
0.60
84
0.67
73
0.62
64
0.58
2200
146
0.93
125
0.85
108
0.79
94
0.74
119
0.82
102
0.76
89
0.71
113
0.79
98
0.74
86
0.69
108
0.77
93
0.71
82
0.67
102
0.74
89
0.69
78
0.64
2400
179
1.03
153
0.95
131
0.88
114
0.82
144
0.91
124
0.84
108
0.78
136
0.87
118
0.81
103
0.76
129
0.84
112
0.78
98
0.73
122
0.81
106
0.75
93
0.70
2600
216
1.14
184
1.05
158
0.97
137
0.90
172
1.00
148
0.92
129
0.86
162
0.95
140
0.89
122
0.83
153
0.92
132
0.85
116
0.80
144
0.88
125
0.82
110
0.76
2800
257
1.25
219
1.15
188
1.06
163
0.99
203
1.09
175
1.01
153
0.94
190
1.03
165
0.96
144
0.90
179
0.99
155
0.92
136
0.86
167
0.95
146
0.88
127
0.83
3000
304
1.37
258
1.25
221
1.16
192
1.08
238
1.19
205
1.10
179
1.02
221
1.12
192
1.04
167
0.97
207
1.07
179
0.99
157
0.93
193
1.02
168
0.95
147
0.89
'Ballistic Research l a bora tory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, M d., December 1944
l>
l>
"II
~~
l>'"
z;;
c-
l>!:l
r-m
to.)C
o
I
'"....
C1)
:I
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section D
20 MM
AIRCRAFT GUN Ml & M2
H.E.I. Mk. I
PROJECTILE
M.V. =2,700 ftj sec
Altitude True Cal. Ind.
Air
in
Air
Feet Speed Speed
0
150
150
300
300
450
450
7000
150
135
7000
300
271
7000
450
409
15000
150
119
15000
300
240
15000
450
364
30000
150
92
30000
300
187
30000
450
284
50000
150
58
50000
300
119
50000
450
183
PRESENT RANGE
FORWARD FIRE

AUTHORITY: ABERDEEN
PROVING GROUND
10 AUGUST 1944
FT. 20 AC-B-3
EGLIN FIELD
RANGE IN FEET
400
5
.16
800
20
.33
1200
48
.52
1600
92
.73
2000
156
.96
2400
245
1.23
2800
364
1.52
3200
521
1.85
3600
724
2.21
4000
980
2.60
4
.14
4
.13
3
.12
17
.30
15
.28
13
.26
41
.48
35
.44
31
.41
78
.67
67
.62
58
.57
132
.88
112
.82
97
.76
206
1.12
175
1.04
151
.96
305
1.39
259
1.28
223
1.18
436
1.70
370
1.56
317
1.44
607
2.03
513
1.86
439
1.72
824
2.39
698
2.20
597
2.04
4
.14
4
.13
3
.12
17
.30
14
.27
12
.26
39
.46
34
.43
29
.40
73
.64
63
.59
55
.55
121
.84
104
.77
90
.72
185
1.05
158
.97
137
.90
268
1.28
229
1.18
198
1.09
375
1.54
319 .
1.41
275
1.31
510
1.82
432
1.67
372
1.54
677
2.12
574
1.95
492
1.80
4
.14
3
.13
3
.12
16
.29
14
.27
12
.25
37
.45
32
.42
28
.39
69
.62
60
.57
52
.53
113
.80
97
.74
84
.69
170
.99
145
.91
126
.85
242
1.19
207
1.10
179
1.02
331
1.41
283
1.30
245
1.21
440
1.65
376
1.52
325
1.41
573
1.90
488
1.75
421
1.62
4
.14
3
.13
31
.12
15
.28
13
.26
12
.25
35
.43
31
.40
27
.38
64
.59
56
.55
48
.51
103
.75
89
.70
77
.65
152
.92
131
.85
114
.79
213
1.09
183
1.01
159
.94
286
1.27
246
1.18
214
1.10
372
1.46
319
1.35
277
1.26
472
1.66
405
1.53
352
1.43
4
.14
3
.13
3
.12
. 15
.28
13
.26
11
.24
34
.42
29
.39
26
.37
61
.57
53
.53
46
.49
97
.72
84
.67
73
.62
141
.87
122
.81
106
.76
195
1.03
168
.95
146
.89
258
1.18
222
1.10
194
1.03
331
1.35
285
1.25
248
1.16
414
1.51
357
1.40
311
1.31
APPLIED BALLISTICS AND DESIGN SECTION, PROOF DIVISION

A.A.F.P.G.C., EGLIN FIELD, FLA. DWG. #B-T44 DATE : 10-16-44
12
RESTRICTED
20 MM T23
M. V. =2,750 ft per sec
AZIMUTH =0 Mils
ZEN ITH =1,600 Mils
TOP LINE : VERTICAL DEFLECTION IN INCHES
Air
Density
:II:!
!:
:II:!
n
-t
m
True
Air
Speed
1.0
1.0
150
1.0
300
1.0
450
0.8
150
0.8
300
0.8
450
...
0.6
150
0.6
300
0.6
450
0.4
150
0,4
300
0.4
450
0.2
150
0.2
300
0.2
450
200
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
0.06
1
0.07
1
0.06
1
-- Jl.Q
f ile 00 0 63.2/ 31 05, lst Ind.,lnci 4
400 600 800

4
10
18
0.15 0.23 0.31
3
15
8
0.14 0.21 0.29
7
3
13
0.13 0.20 0.27
3
6
11
0.12 0.18 0.25
3
8
15
0.14 0.21 0.28
3
7
12
0.13 0.20 0.27
2
6
11
0.12 0.18 0.24
3
8
15
0.14 0.21 0.28
3
7
13
0.12 0.19 0.26
3
11
6
0.12 0.18 0.24
4
14
8
0.14 0.21 0.28
3
7
13
0.13 0.19 0.26
3
6
11
0.12 0.18 0.24
4
8
14
0.13 0.20 0.27
3
7
12
0.13 0.19 0.25
3
6
11
0.12 0.18 0.24
1000 1200
29
43
0.40 0.49
24
36
0.37 0.45
21
31
0.34 0.42
18
27
0.32 0.39
25
37
0.36 0.44
20
29
0.34 0.41
18
27
0.31 0.38
23
34
0.35 0.43
20
29
0.33 0.40
17
25
0.30 0.37
23
33
0.35 0.42
20
29
0.32 0.39
17
25
0.31 0.37
22
32
0.34 0.41
19
28
0.32 0.38
24
17
0.30 0.36
1400
60
0.58
50
0.54
43
0.50
37
0.46
51
0.52
41
0.48
37
0.45
47
0.51
40
0.47
35
0.44
46
0.50
40
0.46
34
0.43
44
0.48/
38
0.45
33
0.42
RANGE IN FEET
1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600
81
105 133 166 204 247
0.68 0.78 . 0.89 1.QO 1.11 1.23
68
88
112 139 l7l 207
0.63 0.72 0.82 0.92 1.02 1.13
58 . 76
96
120 147 178
0.58 0.66 0.75 0.84 0.94 1.04
50
82
65
103 126 153
0.53 0.61 0.69 0.77 0.87 0.96
67
108 133 162 194
86
0.60 0.69 0.78 0.87 0.97 1.07
55
72
91
113 137 165
0.56 0.64 0.72 0.81 0.89 0.98
49
79
63
98
119 143
0.52 0.59 0.67 0.75 0.83 0.91
63
81
101 124 150 179
0.59 0.67 0.75 0.83 0.92 1.01
53
68
86
107 130 155
0.55 0.62 0.70 0.77 0.85 0.93
47
61
75
92
112 134
0.51 0.58 0.65 0.72 0.79 0.86
61
78
97
118 142 168
0.57 0.65 0.73 0.80 0.88 0.96
53
67
83
102 122 144
0.53 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.82 0.89
46
72
87
58
104 124
0.50 0.56 0.63 0.69 0.76 0.83
58
74
92
111
133 157
0.56 0.63 0.70 0.77 0.84 0.91
79
96
50
64
115 136
0.51 0.58 0.65 0.71 0.78 0.85
44
70
85
101
56
119
0.48 0.54 0.60 0.67 0.73 0.79
2800
296
1.35
249
1.23
212
1.14
183
1.05
230
1.17
196
1.07
169
0.99
211
1.10
182
1.01
158
0.94
197
1.04
169
0.97
145
0.90
183
0.99
158
0.92
138
0.86
3000 3200
351 413
1.48 1.62
295 346
1.35 1.47
251 294
1.25 1.36
216 252
1.15 1.25
270 315
1.27 1.38
230 267
1.17 1.27
198 230
1.08 1.17
246 285
1.19 1.28
212 245
1.10 1.19
184 212
1.02 1.10
228 262
1.12 1.20
196 225
1.04 1.12
169 195
0.97 1.04
211
241
1.06 1.14
182 208
0.99 1.06
159 182
0.92 0.99
3400 3600
482 560
1.76 1.91
404 468
1.60 1.74
343 397
1.48 1.60
293 338
1.36 1.47
364 418
1.49 1.60
308 353
1.37 1.48
265 304
1.26 1.36
328 374
1.38 1.48
320
281
1.28 1.37
243 277
1.19 1.27
299 339
1.29 1.38
257 291
1.20 1.28
222 252
1.12 1.19
274 309
1.21 1.29
236 266
1.13 1.20
206 232
1.05 J.12
3800 4000
646 743
2.07 2.23
540 619
1.88 2.03
457 523
1.73 1.86
389 445
1.59 1.71
477 ' 541
1.72 1.85
403 458
1.59 1.70
347 393
1.46 1.56
424 478
1.58 1.69
362 408
1.46 1.56
314 354
1.35 1.44
382 427
1.47 1.56
327 366
1.36 1.44
284 317
1.27 1.34
346 385
1.37 1.44
298 332
1.27 1.34
260 289
1.19 1.25
--
4200
850
2.40
706
2.19 '
597
2.00
507
1.84
612
1.98
518
1.81
444
1.67
536
1.80
457
1.66
396
1.53
476
1.65
408
1.52
353
1.42
427
1.52
368
1.41
320
1.32
Ballistic Research labo ratory, Aberd ee n Proving Ground, Md., Decem ber 1944
~
~
"II
~:II:!
~u:
Z-t
c::!
~n
r--t
~C
...
..
III
II)
O
::J
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section D
37 MM
AIRCRAFT GUN M4
H.E. SHELL M54
FUZE M56
M.V. =2,000 ft/ sec
PRESENT RANGE
FORWARD FIRE
TOP LINE : VERTICAL DEFLECTION IN INCHES

Altitude True Cal.lnd.

in
Air
Air
Feet Speed Speed
0
150
150
300
300
450
450
7000
150
135
7000
300
271
7000
450
409
15000
150
119
15000
300
240
15000
450
364
30000
150
92
30000
300
187
30000
450
284
50000
150
58
50000
300
119
50000
450
183
AUTHORITY : ABERDEEN
PROVING GROUND
10 AUGUST 1944
FT. 37 AC-AO-l
EGLIN FIELD
RANGE IN FEET
600
1200
1800
2400
3000
3600
4200
4800
5400
6000
19
.31
79
.65
188
1.02
354
1.12
590
1.87
910
2.35
1330
2.88
1868
3.46
2539
4.06
3356
4.69
15
.28
13
.26
11
.23
64
.59
52
.53
44
.49
151
.92
124
.83
104
.76
285
1.28
234
1.15
195
1.05
473
1.67
387
1.50
322
1.37
727
2.10
593
1.89
492
1.72
1059
2.57
861
2.31
713
2.09
1486
3.09
1205
2.77
994
2.50
2085
3.64
1638
3.27
1348
2.96
2693
4.24
2179
3.82
1780
3.45
15
.28
12
.25
10
.23
62
.58
51
.52
43
.48
146
.89
120
.81
100
.74
271
1.23
223
1.11
186
1.02
444
1.59
364
1.44
304
1.32
671
1.98
549
1.79
458
1.63
961
2.40
785
2.16
653
1.97
1324
2.85
1079
2.56
895
2.33
1772
3.34
1440
3.00
1192
2.72
2318
3.86
1879
3.46
1552
3.14
15
.28
12
.25
10
.23
61
.57
50
.51
42
.47
141
.87
116
.79
98
.73
259
1.20
214
1.08
179
.99
420
1.53
345
1.39
289
1.27
627
1.89
515
1.71
430
1.56
886
2.27
726
2.04
606
1.87
1202
2.66
984
2.40
820
2.19
1584
3.09
1294
2.78
1077
2.53
2038
3.53
1662
3.18
1380
2.89
14
.28
12
.25
10
.23
59
.56
49
.51
41
.46
135
.85
112
.77
94
.71
246
1.15
203
1.04
170
.96
392
1.46
323
1.32
271
1.21
576
1.78
475
. 1.61
398
1.48
802
2.11
660
1.91
552
1.75
1071
2.45
881
2.22
736
2.03
1386
2.80
1139
2.53
952
2.32
1751
3.17
1438
2.86
1200
2.61
14
.27
12
.25
10
.23
58
.55
48
.50
40
.46
131
.83
108
.75
91
.69
236
1.12
195
1.01
164
.93
372
1.41
308
1.28
258
1.17
542
1.71
447
1.54
376
1.42
746
2.00
615
1.81
517
1.67
985
2.31
813
2.09
682
1.92
1261
2.62
1040
2.37
872
2.17
1574
2.93
' 1298
2.66
1088
2.44
APPLIED BALLISTICS AND DESIGN SECTION, PROOF DIVISION,

A.A.F.P.G.C., EGLIN FIELD, FLA. DWG. No. B-T44 DATE: 10-11-44
14
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section D
37 MM
GUN M9
H.E. SHELL M54
FUZE M56
M.V. =2,550 ftjsec
PRESENT RANGE
FORWARD FIRE

Altitude True Cal.lnd.

in
Air
Air
Feet Speed Speed
0
150
150
300
300
450
450
7000
150
135
7000
300
271
7000
450
409
AUTHORITY: ABERDEEN
PROVING GROUND
10 AUGUST 1944
FT. 37 AC -BF-l
EGLIN FIELD
RANGE IN FEET
600
1200
1800
2400
3000
3600
4200
4800
5400
6000
12
.24
48
.51
114
.19
213
1.10
353
1.43
539
1.80
782
2.20
1092
2.63
1484
3.11
1972
3.63
10
.22
8
.21
7
.19
40
.47
35
.43
30
.40
96
.73
82
.67
71 .62
179
1.01
153
.93
132
.86
296
1.31
252
1.21
218
1.12
451
1.64
384
1.51
331
1.40
653
2.00
554
1.84
477
1.70
909
2.39
770
2.20
661
2.03
1231
2.82
1039
2.58
890
2.38
1631
3.30
l373
3.01
1173
2.77
10
.22
8
.21
7
.19
40
.46
34
.43
29
.40
92
.71
79
.66
69
.61
171
.98
146
.90
127
.84
279
1.26
238
1.16
206
1.08
420
1.56
358
1.44
309
1.34
599
1.88
510
1.73
440
1.61
821
2.23
697
2.05
600
1.90
1091
2.60
926
2.38
796
2.21
1419
2.99
1201
2.75
1031
2.54
15000
150
119
15000
300
240
15000
450
364
30000
150
92
30000
300
187
30000
450
284
50000
150
58
50000
300
119
50000
450
183
10
.22
8
.21
7
.19
39
.45
33
.42
29
.39
90
.70
77
.64
67
.60
165
.95
141
.88
122
;82
266
1.22
227
1.12
196
1.04
395
1.49
338
1.38
292
1.28
556
1.79
475
1.65
410
1.53
753
2.10
642
1.93
554
1.79
987
2.42
841
2.23
725
2.06
1265
2.76
1076
2.54
927
2.35
9
.22
8
.21
7
.19
38
.45
32
.42
28
.38
86
.68
74
.63
64
.58
157
.92
134
.85
116
.79
249
1.16
214
1.08
185
1.00
366
1.42
314
1.31
272
1.22
508
1.68
435
1.55
377
1.44
677
1.94
580
1.80
502
1.67
875
2.22
748
2.05
647
1.91
1103
2.50
943
2.32
815
2.15
9
.22
8
.20
7
.19
37
.44
32
.41
28
.38
84
.66
72
.62
62
.58
151
.89
129
.83
112
.77
238
1.12
204
1.04
177
.96
346
1.36
297
1.26
257
1.17
476
1.60
408
1.48
354
1.38
628
1.84
538
1.71
466
1.59
803
2.09
688
1.93
596
1.80
1002
2.33
858
2.16
744
2.01
APPLIED BALLISTICS AND DESIGN SECTION, PROOF DIVISION,

A.A.F.P.G.C., EGLIN FIELD, FLA. DWG. No. B-T44 DATE: 10-11-44
RESTRICTED
15
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section D
75 MM
GUN M4
PRESENT RANGE
~HELL
M48
M.V.=1,950 ftjsec
Altitude
Indicated
Air
Speed
3000'
200
3000'
225
3000'
250
3000'
275
3000'
300
Altitude
Indicated
Air
Speed
3000'
200
3000'
225
3000'
250
3000'
275
3000'
300
Altitude
Indicated
Air
Speed
3000'
200
3000'
225
3000'
250
3000'
275
3000'
300
DATA FIGURED AND

INTERPOLATED FROM
ABERDEEN DATA
FORWARD FIRE
TOP LINE: VERTICAL DEFLECTION IN FEET

FT. 75 AC-AR-l
RANGE IN FEET
500
1000
1500
0.9
0.24
0.8
0.23
0.7
0.22
0.6
0.21
0.5
0.20
3.0
0.47
2.9
0.46
2.8
0.45
2.7
0.44
2.5
0.43
7.5
0.70
7.2
0.69
6.8
0.68
6.5
0.66
6.2
0.65
2000
2500
3000
3500
14.2
0.96
14.2
0.93
13.2
0.91
12.6
0.88
11.6
0.86
22.4
1.20
21.3
1.18
20.5
1.15
19.6
1.13
18.1
1.10
31.8
1.44
30.1
1.41
28.6
1.38
27.0
1.35
25.4
1.32
42.9
1.70
40.9
1.66
38.9
1.62
36.7
1.59
34.8
1.56
4000
56.8
1.97
54.3
1.92
52.3
1.87
49.8
1.83
47.5
1.79
4500
82.9
2.19
80.3
2.l5
67.8
2.12
65.5
2.08
63.5
2.04
5000
91.4
2.45
88.3
2.41
85.0
2.37
83.0
2.33
80.8
2.29
8500
288.5
4.46
278.6
4.38
269.0
4.30
261.3
4.23
252.0
4.16
9000
326.6
4.77
315.5
4.68
305.2
4.60
295.5
4.52
286.7
4.45
9500
368.6
5.08
357.0
4.99
346.8
4.90
314.1
4.82
326.2
4.74
10000
414.5
5.42
401.3
5.32
390.2
5.22
378.1
5.13
365.5
5.04
14500
999.1
8.67
963.3
8.51
933.8
8.35
905.1
8.20
877.8
7.05
15000
RANGE IN FEET (Con't.)

5500
112.4
2.73
108.5
2.69
104.7
2.64
102.1
2.60
99.0
2.56
6000
134.9
3.00
l30.4
2.95
126.3
2.90
122.l
2.85
118.3
2.80
6500
160.2
3.28
155.5
3.22
150.7
3.16
145.4
3.l1
140.2
3.06
7000
188.2
3.56
182.0
3.50
176.1
3.44
170.3
3.38
165.0
3.33
7500
218.5
3.85
211.1
3.78
204.4
3.72
197.1
3.66
191.0
3.62
8000
252.2
4.14
243.4
4.07
233.5
4.00
227.0
3.93
220.5
3.87
RANGE IN FEET (Con't.)

10500
11000
11500
12000
12500
l3000
13500
14000
464.0
5.74
448.5
5.63
435.0
5.53
422.0
5.43
410.0
5.34
518.l
6.09
500.0
5.97
486.0
5.85
472.2
5.75
458.4
5.65
573.1
6.43
554.2
6.3.1
539.3
6.l9
524.l
6.08
511.3
5.97
629.4
6.77
610.7
6.65
594.0
6.53
578.8
6.41
564.2
6.30
692.2
7.15
673.0
7.01
653.7
6.87
637.5
6.75
622.5
6.63
761.6
7.53
738.8
7.38
lI8.1
7.23
699.5
7.10
681.0
6.97
836.9
7.88
808.6
7.73
784.8
7.59 .
762.6
7.45
741.8
7.31
916.6
8.28
883.l
8.12
856.6
7.96
832.0
7.72
808.1
7.68
APPLIED BALLISTIC AND DESIGN SECTION, PROOF DIVISION,

A.A.F.P.G.C., EGLIN FIELD, FLORIDA. DATE: 8-8-44
16
RESTRICTED
1083.
9.07
1046.
8.90
1011.
8.74
979.4
8.58
949.8
8.42
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section D
75 MM
GUN M5A1
SHELL M48
P. D. FUZE M57
M. V.=l,950 ft/ sec
FROM DATA
ON WHICH
FT. 75-AC-AW-1
ARE BASED.
DENSITY 1.0 FORWARD FIRE

PRESENT HORIZONTAL RANGE
TOP LINE: VERTICAL DEFLECTION IN FEET
True
Air
Speed
250
350
True
Air
Speed
250
350
True
Air
Speed
250
350
HORIZONTAL RANGE IN YARDS

200
1.2
0.26
0.9
0.25
400
4.5
0.53
3.9
0.50
600
10.2
0.81
9.0
0.76
800
18.6
1.09
16.5
1.03
1000
29.4
1.38
26.1
1.30
1200
43.2
1.68
38.1
1.58
1400
60.0
1.99
52.8
1.87
1600
79.8
2.31
70.5
2.16
1800
102.9
2.63
90.9
2.47
2000
129.3
2.96
114.3
2.78
3600
495.6
6.02
435.3
5.63
3800
564.6
6.45
495.6
6.03
4000
639.9
6.90
564.3
. 6.45

2200
159.9
3.31
141.0
3.10
2400
194.1
3.66
171.0
3.43
2600
232.2
4.03
204.6
3.77
2800
275.1
4.40
242.1
4.12
3000
322.5
4.79
283.8
4.48
3200
374.7
5.18
329.7
{85
3400
432.3
5.59
380.1
5.24

4200
721.8
7.36
632.7
6.88
4400
810.6
7.83
710.4
7.32
4600
907.2
8.32
794.4
7.78
4800
1011.3
8.83
885.6
8.25
5000
1124.1
9.35
984.0
8.73
Letter 00 063.2/ 3105, 1st Ind.,

Incl 3
Ballistic Research Laboratory

Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.
December 1944
RESTRICTED
17
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 2001
Section E
SECTION E
FUTURE RANGE BALLISTICS TABLES
75 MM
GUN M4
FUTURE RANGE
SHELL M48
M.V. =1,950 ftjsec
Altitude
Indicated
Air
Speed
3000'
150
3000'
250
3000'
350
15000'
150
15000
250
15000'
350
27000'
150
27000'
200
27000'
250
39000'
150
39000'
200
39000'
250
DATA FIGURED AND"
FORWARD FIRE

INTERPOLATED FROM
ABERDEEN.
DATA FT; 75 AC-AR-l
RANGE IN FEET
1200
2400
3600
4800
6000
7200
8400
9600
10800
12000
70.7
0.63
70.7
0.63
70.7
0.64
311
1.30
311
1.31
311
1.32
763
2.01
763
2.03
763
2.05
1356
2.76
1413
2.80
1469
2.84
2262
3.56
2333
3.62
2404
3.69
3392
4.41
3562
4.51
3731
4.62
4851
5.33
5049
5.48
5346
5.65
6667
6.31
7119
6.53
7571
6.79
8820
7.37
9576
7.68
10332
8.07
11562
8.51
12690
8.96
14241
9.52
70.7
0.63
70.7
0.63
70.7
0.63
311
1.28
311
1.28
311
1.29
721
1.96
721
1.97
721
1.99
1300
2.66
1356
2.68
1356
2.72
2121
3.39
2121
3.44
2192
3.49
3138
4.15
3222
4.22
3307
4.30
4356
4.95
4554
5.05
4752
5.16
5876
5.78
6102
5.92
6441
6.08
7686
6.65
8064
6.84
8636
7.06
8970
7.57
10434
7.81
11139
8.11
70.7
0.62
70.7
0.62
70.7
0.63
311
1.26
311
1.26
311
1.27
678
1.92
721
1.92
721
1.93
1243
2.59
1243
2.60
1300
2.62
1980
3.29
2050
3.30
2050
3.30
2968
4.00
2968
4.02
3053
4.05
4059
4.72
4158
4.76
4252
4.80
5424
5.47
5537
5.52
5650
5.58
6930
6.25
7056
6.31
7308
6.38
8883
7.04
9024
7.12
9306
7.21
70.7
0.62
70.7
0.62
70.7
0.62
311
1.25
311
1.25
311
1.26
678
1.90
678
1.90
678
1.91
1243
2.55
1243
2.56
1243
2.57
1980
3.22
1980
3.23
1980
3.25
2883
3.90
2883
3.92
2883
3.94
3960
4.59
3960
4.62
4059
4.65
5198
5.29
5198
5.33
5311
5.37
6552
6.01
6678
6.06
6804
6.11
8319
6.74
8460
6.88
8601
6.86
APPLIED BALLISTIC AND DESIGN SECTION, PROOF DIVISION,

A.A.F.P.G.C., EGLIN FIELD, FLA. DWG. NO. B-T44 DATE: 8-11-44
18
RESTRICTED
Section F
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
SECTION F
PLOTTED TRAJECTORY CURVES
RAN G E
0
300
600
IN
FEET
1200
900
1500
-=
..
12
1800 2000
~'- f--0
.. '- r12
2-4
\
36
-48
()
60
8-4
96
ALTITUDE - 50000'
2-4
...:z:
36
-48
.~~~- 60
:!r....
I"
.~ )'~~ ..
72
72
~.r .
-Z
8-4
96
' 108
108
120
en
IL
'"Q
~-120
RANGE IN FEET
All.
T.A.S.
Feet
M.P.H. 200
0
0
0
0
7000
7000
7000
15000
15000
15000
30000
30000
30000
50000
50000
50000
0
ISO
300
4SO
ISO
300
4SO
ISO
300
4SO
ISO
300
4SO
ISO
300
4SO
600
.24
.22
.20
.19
.22
.20
.19
.22
.20
.19
.21
.20
.19
,21
.19
.17
400
.16
.15
.13
.13
.15
.13
.13
.14
.13
.13
.08
.07
.06
.06
.07
.06
.06
.07
.06
.Il!>
.U
.07
.06
.06
.07
.06
,06
.13
.12
.14
.13
,11
HXXl 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
800
.32
.30
.27
.25
.30
.27
.25
.29
.27
.25
.28
.26
.25
.28
.26
.23
.40
.38
.34
.32
.37
.34
.32
.37
.34
.31
.36
.33
.31
,35
.32
.29
.49
.58
.54
.46
.41
.49
.39
.46
.53
.45
.41 . .48
.45
.39
.44
.52
.41
.48
.44
.38
.43
.51
.40
.47
.37
.43
.42
.SO
.46
.39
.36
.42
.S7
.68
.62
.58
.66
.61
.87
.81
.74
.69
.78
.71
.67
.76
.70
.65
.73
.1i8
.56
.63
,64
.59
.55
.71
.66
.61
.77
.72
.66
.61
.70
.64
.63
.57
.53
.61
.56
.52
.59
.60
.55
.51
.58
.54
.SO
.57
.52
.48
TIME OF FLIGHT IN SECONDS

RAN G E
0
'
300
...no
IN
,,00
FEET
1200
1800 2000
0
12
12
2-4
2-4
36
36
-48
'''.r
~-
96
108
120
RA N G E
00
300
600
IN
1200
IL
96
108
'"Q
12
2.
24
f-~ .
~s.
60
-f -
f_. r-
84
ALTITUDE-O-
96
ALTITUDE - 30000'
48
108
'"Q
'"
120f--1-'I -
Derived from Aberdeen Data Ft. 50-AC-M-l;

and 1st. Ind. to LeHer from Ord. Dept .. Elgin
Field, Fla. 1 5 April 1944 to Chief of Ord.
Washington, D. C.'
IN
600
900
60
IL
'"
108 Q
120
FEET
1200
1500
1800 2000
0
IJ)
24
2-4
36
36
-~()
48
6
60
-Z
ALTITUDE -7000'
'.~
84
IL
96
108
120
CAL I B E R 0.50
T RAJ E CTORY C U R V E S
PRESENT RAN G E
FORWARD FIR E
APPliED BAlliSTICS AND DESIGN SECTION
PROOF DIVISION, "'."',f.P.G.C., ElGIN FiElD, Fl<\.
48
():ft . . ..
72
84
120
-48
12
DATA AFFECTING CURVES

AP M2 Ammunition
Muzzle Veloclty-2700 Ft./sec.
Azlmuth=O Mils
Zenlth=1600 Mils
108
108
300
:z:
36
36
96
12
96
.'"
I" '~
96
en
2-4
...en:z:
'-S:;:f..s: 72
I:t.r.- 84
8-4
II
() :1{1I>' 'I" I -
.~~ .~-
:!r....
120
"... 1( .~::f.;S 72
~1<'1'
~.,'
~,
..r
72
()
120
12
-48~ ~-
;II
60
1800 2000
0
36
:-!!..
-48
72
84
1800 2000
0
~ '
RAN G E
1500
1500
36
FEET
900
FEET
1200
2-4
72
.~ ;:f.~
84
900
12
60
600
12
~~- t=f=
.11> )'
72
...:z:
en
7~
60
300
00
48
~.t()
ALTITUDE -15000'
IN
RAN GE
1500
~~ 60
"d}
.'"
(,.-
72
~ 84
96
:z:
-Z
Z
Q.
'"
108 Q
120
MisCELLANlOU5 DATA
Weight of Gun & Feed ...... ... . ... 61.4 Lb.
Weight of Fixed Round ..... . ... . . 2571 Lb.
Weight of Prolectlle ......... . . .. 101 5 Lb.
Weight of 100 Rounds- Linked .. . . 30.25 Lb.
Rate of Flre-Rounds/Mln.-syn.=650-Free=
750-850
Approx. Velocity at 1800 Ft . , . . 1915' Isec.
Striking Energy at 1800 Ft.-syn.=61500Free=80861 Ft./Lbs./sec./Gun (Ap"rox)
DAT E,88,404.
RESTRICTED
19
RESTRICTED
Section F
AAF MANUAL 200-1
F (;
IN
RAN G E
o
600
oI I I
11 11 I1
6 1I I I I I
1800
1200
f;T
2400
3000
T=~:::::"'T-=:-r-;:o=-1
T.A,S'I-:-:::o-=-..-:-:::;:;:-r-:-=-TRA""N""G,,
' Ir.N.,;,F;:EEr.
Alt.
3600 4000
Feet
12LL~~++++~~~H-~~~~~++++~~H-~12~UJ
7000
7000
7000
15000
15000
15000
30000
30000
30000
50000
50000
50000
LL
18
ALTITUDE - 50000'
M.P.H. 400
o .16
150
.14
300
.13
450
.12
150
.14
300
.13
450
.12
150
.14
300
.13
450
.12
150
.14
300
.13
450
.12
150
.14
300
.13
450
.12
~oo
.33
.30
.28
.26
.30
.27
.26
.29
.27
.25
.28
.26
.25
.28
.26
.24
1200
.52
.48
.44
.41
.46
.43
.40
.45
.42
.39
.43
.40
.38
.42
.39
.37
1600
.73
.67
.62
.57
.64
.59
.55
.62
.57
.53
.59
.5,5
.51
.57
.53
.49
2000
.96
.88
.82
.76
.84
.77
.72
.80
.74
.69
.75
.70
.65
.72
.67
.62
2400 2800
\.23 \.52
1.12 1.39
\.04 \.28
.96 1.18
\.05 1.28
.97 1.18
.90 \.09
.99 1.19
.91 1.10
.85 1.02
.92 1.09
.85 1.01
.79
.94
.87 1.03
.81 .95
.76
.89
3200
\.85
1.70
\.56
\,44
\.54
\,41
\.31
\,4.1
1.30
1.21
1.27
1.18
1.10
1.18
1.10
1.03
3600
2.21
2.03
\.86
1.72
1.82
\.67
\.54
\.65
\.52
1.41
1.46
\.35
1.26
1.35
1.25
1.16
4000
2.60
2.39
2.20
2.04
2.12
\.95
\.80
\.90
1.75
1.62
1.66
\.53
1.43
1.51
1.40
1.31
TIME OF FLIGHT IN .SECONDS
ALTITUDE-15OOO'
50
50
RAN G E
600
1200
FEE T
IN
1800
2400
3600
o
o
4000
10
10
20
20
30
IN
RANGE
3000
600
1200
1800
FEE T
2400
3000
3600
10
10
20
>-
20 >UJ
UJ
UJ
UJ
30
30
LL
40 Z
40
30
40 50
50
ALTITUDE-O-
""
60
ALTITUDE - 7000'
60 Cl
70
70
H.E.I. Mk. I Prolectlle.

Muzzle Veloclty-27oo Ft./sec.
Azlmuth=O Mils.
Zenlth=16oo Mils.
Authority: Aberdeen Proving Ground.
10 August 1944, Ft. 20 AC-8-3 Elgin Field.
"-
""
60 Cl
60
70

Gun MI. 8:M2.
LL
40
50 c-
50
70
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
20 MM
TRAJECTORY
PRESENT
CURVE~
RANGE
FORWARD
FIRE
"",,.UED BALLISTICS ...NO DESIGN SECTION

PROOf OfVlsrON:"'A.A.f.P.G.C._UGIN fiElD, FLA.
DATE: 28.5f"'., 19.44
20
4000
RESTRICTED
Weight of Gun & Feed ... ... . . .. 132 Lb.

M2 Gun)
)
( W/AN MI Feed
Weight of Fixed Round .. . .. 57 Lb.
Weight of Prolectlle . . .. ... 29 Lb.
Rate of Flre-Rounds/Mln ..... 600-700.
Approx. Velocity at 1800
Ft.... .. ...... . .......... 1625-17oo'/sec.
Striking Energy at 1800 Ft. (Approx~)138,217 Ft./Lb./sec./Gun.
RESTRICTED
Section F
AAF MANUAL 200-1

All.
Feet
0
0
600
1200
FEET
IN
RAN G E
2400
1800
3000
5400
4200 4800
3600
25
25
50
. . . ,.
~
.,._
75
Z
75-
,-
.-'\: ,. "1,f -"
100
ALTITUDE - 50000'
125
...w
"'so
o
50
0
0
0
0
7000
7000
7000
15000
15000
15000
30000
30000
30000
.50000
50000
50000
6000
CL
1000
:-t,f
""a
,125
15CI.-.150
' RAN'GE I N FEET
T.A.S.
M.P.H. 600
0
150
300
450
150
300
450
150
300
450
150
300
450
150
300
450
.31
.28
.26
.23
.28
.25
.23
.28
.25
.23
.28
.25
.23
.27
.25
.23
1200 1800 2400

.65 1.02 1.42
.59
.92 1.28
.53
.83 J.\15
.49
.76 1.05 .
.58
.89 1.23
.52
.81 1.1 1
.48
.74 1.02
.57
.87 1.20
.51
.79 1.08
.47
.73 .99
.56
.85 1.15
.51
.77 1.04
.46
.71
.96
.55
.83 1.12
.50
.75 1.01
.46
.69
.93
3000
1.87
1.67
1.50
1.37
1.59
1.44
1.32
1.53
1.39
1.27
1.46
1.32
1.21
1.41
1.28
1.17
.4200
2.88
2.57
2.31
2.09
2.40
2.16
1.97
2.27
2.04
1.87
2.11
1.91
1.75
2.00
1.81
1.67
3600
2.35
2.10
1.89
1.72
1.98
1.79
1.63
1.89
1.71
1.56
1.78
1.61
1.48
1.71
1.54
1.42
4800 5400 6000

3.46 4.06 4.69
3.09 3.64 4.24
2.77 3.27 3.82
2.bo 2.96 3.45
2.85 3.34 3.86
2.56 3.00 3,46
2.33 2.72 3.14
2.66 3.09 3.53
2.40 2.78 3.18
2.19 2.53 2.89.
2.80 3.17
2.4~
2.22 2.53 2.86
2.03 2.32 2.61
2.31 2.62 2.93
2.09 2.37 2.66
1.92 2.17 2.44

RA NG E
{)O
600
1200
IN
1800 2400
3000
FEET
~A
3600 4200
4800
5400
6000
25
25
600
1200
IN
N G E
1800
2400
3000
FEET
3600
00 ~...
:t, .-'\: - f--- 75
~o$";;;...
A"":-?+ ~..,~~~,. ' . f .~
100
f--F"\.1'.
125
ALTITUDE -15000'
...
l-
"'so
~~
50
100
IN
RA N GE
600
1200
1800
2400
3000
....
""a
125
ALTITUDE - 30000'
~ IS0
150
4800
5400
20
40
60
60
600
0
0
40
1200
1800
IN
2400
3000
3600
II
-'0
===' ~
120 -
'1
' - 100
/0-
~-? '1'~ '1'",-=

~-~ '-r ' <:l
140
.... _
~..,.
....,
~.<!'
.<!'
160
6000
20
40
40
~-~
.+ . . -
60
-' o~..o
80
...
60
I-
~....~,.""'(U'- 80 :::
.~ 1'.f~.........- 100
100
1'",
...
Z
120
140
140
140CL
CL
a""
160
160 ""
180
180
ALTITUDE -7000'
180
20
5400
120
ALTITUDE-O-

Aircraft Gun M 4
H. E. Shell M54, Fuse M56
Muzzle Veloclty-2DOD Ft/Sec.
Azlmuth=O Mils.
Zenlth=1600 Mils.
Authority. Aberdeen Proving Ground
10 August 1944, Ft 37 AC-AO-l, Elgin Field.
4800
120 Z
160
180
4200
20
80 w
w
100
FEET
I-
80
""a
150
I---
6000
20
175'--- 175
RAN G E
4200
z
CL
125
FEET
3600
...
100
100
17sL- 175
5~ w
~..o '-'\:,. ',f~ 75

'-'\:,. :-f,,f ~
'1'.f-'~
75
z
125 0
150
6000
25
I-
75
5400
25
SO w
w
50
4800
4200
200
200
37 MM - M4
TRAJ E C TO RY C U RVES
PRESENT
RA N G E
FORWARD
FIR E
APPLIED BAlliSTICS AND DESIGN SECTION

PROOf DIVISION, A."".F.P.G.C., ELGIN FIELD, FLA.
200
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
Weight of Gun & Feed . ... .. .... .. . 248 Lb.
Weight of Fixed Round ....... . ..... 1.93 Lb.
Weight of Prolectlle .. . ............. 1.34 Lb.
Rate of Fire-Rounds/Min .... . .... . 150
Approx. Velocity at 1800 Ft . . . . 1 564' / Sec
Striking Energy at 1800 Ft. (Appro x.)
127,242 Ft./Lbs./Sec./Gun
DATE,9-294"
RESTRICTED
21
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 2001
Section F
RAN G E
0
0
10
600
FEET
IN
1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
4200
4800
~
~~
r-.;::
25
...... :---.,
......
:---.,
-.... -....
""
-....
40
~<~
~,,; ~'-~
..y ~s 55 "-
<+.
AL TIlUDE - 50000'
40
~/"'0
55
Feet
0
0
0
0
7000
7000
7000
15000
15000
15000
30000
30000
30000
50000
50000
50000
~.,.
0
. /' s
"" ~s . 70
0
:.-
70
'"
I,
85
85
RANG[ IN mT
T.A.s.
All.
5400 600('
0
10 Iw
w
u..
2.5
M.P.H. 600
0
150
300
450
150
300
450
150
300
450
150
300
450
150
300
450
.24
.22
.21
.19
.22
.21
.19
.22
.21
.19
.22
.21
.19
.22
.20
. .19
1200
.51
.47
.43
.40
.46
.43
.40
.45
.42
.39
.45
.42
.38
.44
.41
.38
1800 2400
.79 1.10
.73 1.01
r .67.93
.62
.86
.71
.98
.66
.90
.61
.84
.70
.95
.64
.88
.60
.82
.92
.68
.63
.85
.58
.79
.66
.89
.62
.83
.77
.58
3000 3600 4200 4800

1.43 1.80 2.20 2.63
1.31 1.64 2.00
._- 2.39
1.21 1.51 1.84 2:~~
1.12 1.40 1.70 2.03
1.26 1.56 ,1.88 1---2.23
1.16 1.44 1.73 2.05
1.08 1.34 1.61 1.90
1.22 1.49 1.79 '2.10
1.12 1.38 1.65 1.93
1.04 1.28 1.53 1.79
1.16 1.42 1.68 1.94
1.08 1.31 1.55 1.80
1.00 1.22 1.44 1.67
1.12 1.36 1.60 1.84
1.04 1.26 1.48 1.71
.96 1.17 1.38 1.59
5400
3.11
2.82
2.58
2.38
2.60
2.38
2.21
2.42
2.23
2.06
2.22
2.05
1.91
2.09
1.93
1.80
6000
3.63
3.30
3.01
2.77
2.99
2.75
2.54
2.76
2.54
2.35
2.50
2.32
2.15
2.33
2.16
2.01

RAN G E
0
600
1200
1800
IN
2400
3000
3600
4800
4200
5400
0
~
15
6000
0
15
15
"'-....;r--:::
:--...
::----
"
'''-
45
'.
"00
o .,?+ .
'~~
.+
,-
60
1''--
~'" . . ~s-
4200 4800
3000 3600
2400
. '" ~.s
"\:~<I' . ...-
90
15
.......
"r---..
r---..
mr
~;;-f~~
45
/J:00
~'?~
60
'60 -
105
RAN G E
600
1200
O'
15
1800
3000
3600
60
"-
0
75 '"
0
90
AL TITUDE - 30000'
105
IN
RANGE
4200
4800
5400
6000
0
1200
600
1800
2400
105
FEET
3000
3600
15
-....;:;
15
-....
"'" :--..:
4200
4800
5400
6000
0
15
.......
"
"
I-
,1"-
45
"-
60
CO
75
~ ~~-?-i:'- =
'1\ Q<::' :-Y...., .1'. ~~'b .1- ~ .<1'-
90
--
/'
.." .oJ'.
30
I"
"'60
45 ~
w
u..
0 :ft .,o~-~ 60
'il
"
Z
75 -
.~ ~
'..0
"0 .-i:' .~.s::;;

,...0 '"fU'
'"
75
.1'
.~
.<1'
'"
105
105 0
AL TlTUDE - 7000
120
120
75
.",
90
90 "-
\
120
"
45
45 w
w
u..
60
.<f'_..--
105
""
"'-
30
30
"- 1"-
ALTITUDE-Q-
. r-
45 Z
120
-....;~t--
30
I'\:~<f
90
......
.""(S"
"-
'"
FEET
IN
2400
75
105
120
I'
-i:' I' ""(s~
75 "-
I-
w
w
30 u..
-....-....
30
90 0
AL TIlUDE -15000'
6000
0
75
5400
",...
I'-.
30 w
w
u..
45
:ft- f---I--
1800
"""
I-
30
1200
600
FEET
IN
RAN G E
FEET
90 "-
0
105~
120
\
135

Gun M9; HE Shell M.54
Muzzle Veloclty-2550 Ft. / Sec.
Azlmuth=O Mils.
Zenlth=1600 Mils.
Authority: Aberdeen Proving Ground
10 August 1944, Ft. 37 AC-AO-l, Elgin Field.
135
135
MM M9
TRAJ E CTO RY C U RVES
37
P RE 5 E NT
RANGE
FORWARD
FIR E
APPUED BAlliSTICS AND DESIGN SECTION
,.OOF OtVISlON. A.A..F.P.C .C., ELGIN FiElD, flA .

DATE, 10. 10.""
22
RESTRICTED
135
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
Weight of Gun & Feed .. . . . ......... 398 Lb.
Weigh. of Fixed Round .... .... .. . . . 2.6 Lb.
Weight of Prolectlle ....... . . . . .. . .. 1.34 Lb.
Weight of 100 Rounds-Linked ...... 288 Lb.
Rote of Fire-Rounds/ Min ..... . ..... 140.
Approx. Velocity at 1800 Ft. . .1065 ' /Sec.
Striking Energy at 1800 Ft. (Approx.)199,968 Ft./ Lbs./Sec./Gun.
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section F
RAN
...
333
1000
10
o;-=
Iii
II.
:;;; 2
......
>lrl
50
-...
13 33
4000
1667
5000
2000
6000
2333
7000
100
3000
9 0 00
3333
10000
3667
1 1000
4000
12000
4333
13000
4667
14000
5 000 YARDS
150 00 FEET
0'
l-- LI NE OF BORE
""""
50'
~
~
..
I I.
2667
8000
\
"""""
!:!z
1000
3000
I"""': t,.-.
-z
<-
667
2000
II
150 '
100 '
1 50 '
r--r--r--' (
'" ,r--
~r--r--'
200 '
200 '
"
I\W
l'"
250'
250'
, ,\'
,v
TRAJ ECTORY DATA
...
III
,1\'
300'
300 '
III
350'
400'
,,\'
FORWARD FIRE "PRESENT RANGE"
\\'
75 MM
350'
MT FUSE M 43 A3
SHELL M4 8
MUZZLE VELOCITY 19 5 0 FEET/SECO N D
ALTITUDE= 3 0 00 FEET
GUN M4
AZIM UT H=O M ILS
\ ' \\'
400'
['\'
\ '
ZEN ITH= 16 0 0 M ILS

450 '
DA TA FIGURED AN D INTERPOLATED
FRO M ABERDEEN DATA FT 7 5 AC-A R- 1
...
' \' \\ '
450 '
"
, \'
f-
50 0 '
APPL lED BALLISTICS AN D DESIGN SECTION

PRO OF 0 IVISIO N, A.A, F,P,G,C" ELGIN FIELD, FLA,
DATE, 8 - 8 -44
U
III
f--
II.
5 00 '
...
o
550'
550'
<
Ra nge in Feet 500
Ra nge in Yards 166.7
AI!. Cal. lAS
1000
333.3
1500
500
2000
666.7
2500
833.3
3000
1000
0,24
0,23
0,22
0,21
0,20
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.70
0,69
0,68
0,66
0,65
0,96
0,93
0.91
0,88
0,86
1.20
1.18
1.1 5
1.13
1.10
1.44
1.41
1.38
1.35
1.32
7000
6000 6500
Range in Feet 5500
Range in Yards 1833.3 I 2000 I 2166.7 2333.3
AI!. Cal. lAS
7500
2500
200
f-225
'-'I-~-+
a
250
g 1--""
27""5-+
1---=-+
300
(Y>
2.73
200
2,69
,..:
225
'-'I-~-+
a
250
2.64
g 1-""
27""5 -+
1--.=-+ 2.60
2,56
300
(Y>
3.00
2,95
2,90
2.85
2,80
3.28
3.22
3.16
3,11
3.06
3.56
3.50
3.44
3.38
3.33
3.85
3.78
3.72
3,66
3.62
(Y>
6,09
5,97
5,85
5.75
5,65
6.43
6.31
6.19
6,08
5,97
6,77
6.65
6,53
6.41
6.30
7.15
7,01
6,87
6.75
6,63
1.70
1.66
1.62
1.59
1.56
8000 8500
2666.7 2833.3
4.14
4,07
4.00
3,93
3.87
Ra nge in Feet 10500 11000 11500 12000 12500 13000

Range in Yards 3500 3666.7 3833.3 4000 4166.7 4333.3
AI!. Cal. lAS
5.74
200
,..:
225
5.63
'-'1--=-+
a
250
5.53
g 1- =27=5-+ 5.43
I- =-+5,34
300
3500 4000
1166.7 1333.3
7,53
7.38
7,23
7.10
6,97
4.46
4.38
4,30
4,23
4.16
1.97
1.92
1.87
1.83
1.79
9000
3000
4.77
4,68
4.60
4,52
4.45
4500
1500
5000
1666.7
2.19
2.1 5
2.12
2,08
2,04
2.45
2.41
2.37
2.33
2,29
8,28
8.12
7,96
7,72
7,68
5,08
4,99
4.90
4,82
4.74
8,67
8,51
8.35
8,20
7.05
TIM E OF FLI GHT IN SECONDS

RESTRICTED
600'
L/
650 '
-,
Iv
r\X
CA L lAS, 600 '

300 M, P,H..
. / /275 M,P,H,
7"
250 M,P,H,
/
225 M,P,H,
./ / 200 M, P.H. 650 '
...
0.=
III
>
IU
700 '
700'
750 '
750 '
9500 10000
3166.7 3333.3
5.42
5.32
5,22
5.13
5,04
13500 14000 14500 15000

4500 4666.7 4833,3 5000
7,88
7.73
7,59
7.45
7.31
,\ '
9.07
8.90
8.74
8.58
8.42
800 '
8 00 '
\
850 '
8 50 '
900 '
9 00 '
950'
1000 '
r---'
;:
50 '
000'
23
RESTRICTED
Section G
AAF MANUAL 200-1
SECTION G
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
500
450
f-
0.:
~
400
w
w
Q..
ALTITUDE
II
II
"
"
II
II
0
300
5000700n.
350
0
&&0
~~ 0
en
1-~
~~~
~ >
0,.i
4:
300
~ ~~ 00
~ 1-0
~
00
I-
4:
0
~
250
0
w
I-
4:
~
CIl
200
-'
4:
150
APPIU1X" I\.r
100
150
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

T RUE
A I R S PEE D -
AI R
SPEED
650 700 750

M. P. H.
CURVES
CALIBRATED INDICATED - VS - TRUE

24
RESTRICTED.
RESTRICTED
Section G
AAF MANUAL 200-1
CONVERSION CHART
Mils to Inches
MIL USED IS "MILIRADIAN"

There are 6283.1854 mils in 360 degrees.
One Mil = 0.057296 Degrees
One Degree = 17.45329 Mils
One Mil = 3.43775 Minutes
One Minute = 0.290888 Mils
One Mil = 206.26477 Seconds
One Second
= 0.004848 Mils
MIL ANGLE IN INCHES AT RANGE GIVEN

RANGE IN FEET
Mil
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
200
2.4
4.8
7.2
9.6
12.0
14.4
16.8
19.2
21.6
24.0
100
1.2
2.4
3.6
4.8
6.0
7.2
8.4
9.6
10.8
12.0
300
3.6
7.2
10.8
14.4
18.0
21.6
25.2
28.8
32.4
36.0
400
4.8
9.6
14.4
19.2
24.0
28.8
33.6
38.4
43.2
48.0
500
6.0
12.0
18.0
24.0
30.0
36.0
42.0
48.0
54.0
60.0
600
7.2
14.4
21.6
28.8
36.0
43.2
50.4
57.6
64.8
72.0
700
8.4
16.8
25.2
33.6
42.0
50.4
58.8
67.2
75.6
84.0
800
9.6
19.2
28.8
38.4
48.0
57.6
67.2
76.8
86.4
96.0
900
10.8
21.6
32.4
43.2
54.0
64.8
75.6
86.4
97.2
108
1000
12.0
24.0
36.0
48.0
60.0
72.0
84.0
96.0
108
120
CONVERSION CHART
Mils to Inches
MIL USED IS "ARTILLERY" MIL

There are 6400 mils in 360 degrees.
One Mil = 0.05625 Degrees
One Degree = 17.7778 Mils
One Mil = 3.375 Minutes
One Minute = 0.29629 Mils
One Mil = 202.50 Seconds
One Second
= 0.00494 Mils
MIL ANGLE IN INCHES AT RANGE GIVEN

RANGE I N FEET
Mil
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
100
1.2
2.4
3.5
4.7
5.9
7.1
8.3
9.4
10.6
11.8
200
2.4
4.7
7.1
9.4
11.8
14.1
16.5
18.8
21.2
23.6
300
3.5
7.1
10.6
14.1
17.7
21.2
24.7
28.3
31.8
35.3
400
4.7
9.4
14.1
18.8
23.6
28.3
33.0
37.7
42.4
47.1
500
5.9
11.8
17.7
23.6
29.5
35.3
41.3
47.1
53.0
58.9
600
7.1
14.1
21.2
28.3
35.3
42.4
49.5
56.5
63.6
70.7
RESTRICTED
700
8.3
16.5
24.7
33.0
41.2
49.5
57.7
65.9
74.2
82.5
800
9.4
18.8
28.2
37.7
47.1
56.6
66.0
75.4
84.8
94.2
900
10.6
21.2
31.8
42.4
53.0
63.6
74.2
84.8
95.4
106
1000
11.8
23.6
35.3
47.1
58.9
70.7
82.5
94.2
106
118
25
RESTRICTED
AAF MAN UAL 200-1
Section G
MILS
10.186
10
0.573
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
Miliradians
Artillery Mils
en
en
w
w
'"~w
w
w
0.3
0.3
Cl
Cl
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
5
MILS
10
10.186
CONVERSION CHART
Mill RADIANS-ARTILLERY MilS-DEGREES
APPLIED BALLISTICS AND DESIGN SECTION
PROOF DIVISION, A.A.F.P.G.C. EGLIN FIELD, FLA.
DATE, 27 NOV. 1944
THIS CHART IS APPLICABLE IN MULTIPLES OF TEN.
26
'"w
~
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Find
Trigonometric Formulae
~
Chord
~
<)
'"
C,)
rn
.c
Given
Sides bc
Secant A
Cot A, Sin A
'"I'::i
Sin A, Tan A
'00
0
C,)
Cot A, Cosec A
~
I'::i
...,0
c;S
'"
'"0
U3
v (Cosec A)2-1
gj A Angles B-G
]>B Angles A-G
< G Anll"les A-B
Given
Formula
BG
180 - (B+G)
Cos A
abc
Sin A
acG
Sin A
abB
a Sin B
-b-
abG
Tan A
acB
AG
SinB
abA
CosB
abc
'"
U3
Side a, Sin A
Side b, Cos A
Sides b V~rsed
c Sm A
Sides a C~>vers
c Sm A
Chord Side b Sin A
2 b Sin AI2
c- a
c
1 Sin A
Cover Sides c, a
Sin A
Sin A
Sin +
Csc +
~
b
_B_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~
e
Find
Given
Tan B
be A
SinB
beG
Formula
b Sin A
G-(b Cos A)
b SinG
-G-
Given
Sides bc
Side c Sin A
Side b Tan A
Find
b
b
II
III
b Tan +
Cot +
<:l
'"
'"0
U3
Sides b c
Cos A
~
...,
Cosec A, Tan A
I'::i
c;S
Tan A, Sin A
<)
'"
[/l
Cosec A, Cot A
V=Vo+at
S = Vot + Y2at 2
V2= Vo2+2as
S=(Vo+V)t
V = Velocity
Vo = Initial Vel.
S=Distance
a=32.2
t=Time
1.466 X MPH = Ft/sec.
clb
1
Cos A
Cosec A - Tan A
Tan A
Sin A
Cosec A
Cot A
(Tan A)2+1
Tan A
Sides ab
Cotan A
Sec A, Sin A
...,~
I'::i
'"I'::i
Sin A, Cos A
E-<
Sec A Cosec A
bD
alb
l/Cot A
Sec AX Sin A
Sin A
Cos A
Sec A
Cosec A
(Sec A)Ll
c;S
Secant A
Sides ac
Cosec A
~
Tan A, Cos A
'"
~
Tan A, Sec A
Cos A, Cot A
All +
I
IV
Cos +
Sec +
Find
Given
TanG
bcA
Sin G
bcB
TanG
Cos G
c
G
c
Area
s-a+
b+c
alc
1
Cosec A
Tan A X Cos A
Tan A
Sec A
Cos A
Cot A
(Cos A)2
vI
Cosine A
Formula
a Sin B
aAB
Sin A
G Sin B
cBG
Sin G
2+a2V
c
acB
(2ac Cos B)
Miscellaneous
c Sin A
b Tan A
b
Cot A
c
Cosec A
Side c, Cosec A
Given
9/5 G +32 = fahrenheit (f)

(f - 32) x5/9 = Centigrade (G)
1 = 17.78 mils
Deflection of 1 at 100' = 1.75'
E arth Curvature
t 'm ml'1es )2
Refraction & = . 574 X (D'IS.
Formula
V c2-b 2
Side b, Cot A
GSin A
caG
b
a
a Sin B
SinG
G-(a-Cos B)
b Sin A
a
AB
1800 -(A+B)
baB
G
1800 - (A+G)
SiilB
GSinA
2 2b Sin A
- -- -a
bcA V b +C
a
(2bc Cos A) SinG acA
a
_ _ ___ Cosine of Bearing X Distance=Latitude
c2+a2 b2
Sine of Bearing X Distance = Departure
2ac
Acceleration
Side a, Tan A
a Sin c
b-a-Cos G
b2+c2-a2
2bc
a Sin c
--G-
Tan A
'"
'"0
ab
2
G-B
G- A
A+B
Area Sides a, b
Sides c, a
Side c, Cos A
Side a, Cot A
Sides a, b
Side b, Sec A
Side a, Cosec A
Cosec A
Cos A, Sin A
Sec A, Tan A
Side c, Sec A
Cosec A, Sec A
Cosec A, Cos A
Find
.0
bla
1
Tan A
Cosec A X Cos A
Cos A
Sin A
Cosec A
Sec A
Tan A
Sec A Cot A
Versed Sides b, c
Sin A
Cosine A
v1-(Sin A)2
Sin A
Sides a, b
1
Sin A
Sec A X Cot A
Sec A
Tan A
Cotan A
Cos A
V (Cot A)2+1
c- b
c
1 Cos A
V c2-a2
G-Cos A
a Cot A
a
Tan A
c
Sec A
va2+b2
b-Sec A
a - Cosec A
a
Sin A
b
Cos A
c-b
vers A
c-a
Covers A
Sin A
Cotan A
Formula
blc
I/Sec A
Cot AXSin A
Sin A
Tan A
Cot - A
Cosec-A
Find
ci a
Cot A, Cos A
Find
Formula
Given
Sides a - c
Section G
Formula
GSinA
b-(G-Cos A)
GSin B
- b-
GSinB
a-(G-Cos B)
a2+b 2 G2
abc
2 ab
a Sin G
aAG
. Sin A
2 2
abc va +b (2ab Cos C)
b Sin G
bBG
Sin B
a-b Sin G
abG
acB
abc
V s(s-a)(s - b)
(s-c)
Weights
1 gal gasoline
1 gal water (fresh)
1 qt oil
1 gal Eth. glycol
61b
8.31b
1.871b
9.341b
Temp. Decrease w/alt. = - 1 for each rise of 330' in altitude.
RESTRICTED
27
Section G
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
o
---- '1* . . . - ~
cl ~
rt -~ --t...
E~
\t--"
.~'
~~~
~';I><
'" B
~A
I
I
o 100
e-t
\ . ,_J:! A
.-- I
.,"
~:
A \
",ON~
. PATH OF i'ROJECTILES
\~D
D~I
I
W'E
E~
:..,,:t:A-8-C-D-E-Fr
200 300 400 500
P"""""I
FLIGHT PATH OF
FEE T
n~-.-.-1
1'" .
~:,:f;i
TARGET --../ ;7
,-
FtF
I
I
PROJECTILE PATTERN
FOR CONDITION "C"
FIGHTER
10
P"""""I
MILS
P LA N
100 M.P.H. RETICLE
MOVING IN
WIT H FIGHTER
TARGET POSITION AT
TIME OF FIRE FOR
CONDITION "C"
.0
SPA C E
AIRCRAFT
100 200 300 .00 500
l"""""I
P"""""I
FE E'T'
+I A-8-C-D-E-F
-I-
AS SEEN BY FIGHTER PI LOT
~C
cti
-1/
F
AND SIGHT LINE
"1
_.J
PIP PER
B~/!~/
,i
CONDITION "C" \
FIXED It:l SPACE
I~
LI-~
I
"w'
_ '--
F F l O'
P LA N
1.
TARGET POSITION WHEN

PROJECTILES REACH
TARGET FOR
!j"B",
'-'
7 SECONDS
kTARG~T PATH T.A.;.-2 5 1 MPH
' r"
' "'" ,
F
''''I/;~".
"1 '7' ~/;. ~~
PATH OF PROJEC I
ANO "GN' UN.
15 20
P-51 COWLING
ALTITUDE = 15,000 FEET

a
A
B
C
D
E
F
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
h
Sec.
i
Mils
Fighter
lAS
TAS
Target
lAS
TAS
k
"g"
j
Feet
b
Deg.
Deg.
d
Feet
e
Feet
f
Feet
g
Feet
60
50
40
30
20
10
30
20
10
0
30
20
10
0
45
30
20
10
0
45
30
20
10
0
60
45
30
15
0
60
45
30
15
0
54.00
44.90
35.80
26.80
17.80
8.85
24.66
16.75
8.25
0
26.60
17.70
8.83
0
37.77
24.87
15.50
8.28
0
40.20
26.56
17.63
8.82
0
50.85
37.62
24.80
12.31
0
53.85
40.00
26.53
13.17
0
1642
1298
1053
834
635
421
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1758
1409
1148
. 925
710
475
719
721
726
729
670
675
678
680
1039
1070
1068
1090
1096
986
1007
1016
1019
1022
1340
1390
! 1431
' 1457
1466
, 1287
i 1320
1345
1363
1366
215
172
139
III
84
55
125
128
129
129
79
80
80
80
187
193
195
196
196
119
121
122
123
123
246
252
260
265
266
157
161
164
166
166
373
200
251
3227
319 .583 116.9 300
-,200
255 .466
93.0 300
373
251 2969
207 -:-378 1-77"T f---300 --373 - 200 2 51 - t914
60.1 300
373
200
251 3047
165 .302
125 .228
40.4 300
373
200
251 3455
20.2 300
373
200
251 4579
82 .150
125 .229
87.2 300
373
300
373 1724
- 3-60- - 37361.5- 300
128 .233
~~05_
..:.
~
~
30.7 300 - 373 - 300- 373 5024
129 .235
129 1361--0 - 300 - 373 - 300 - 3 fT '-0'118 l1S f---S9 .O- 300- - 373 200 - '251 --222f
119 .217- -40F '100- ' Tn ' --too- 2 51 3296
119 .218 -~y ~OO::.:. -373- '200
251 6545
300 - T73- ., 200
251
0
119 .218 ~
0
- 373
300
187 .341 li7T
373 1696
891 ~OO ---m- 300
373 2546
193 .352
58.1 300
373
300
373 4059
195 .357
31.2 300
373
300
373 5958
196 .358
0
300
373 3 00
373
0
196 .359
177
.323
85.3 300
373
200
251
2272
200
180 .329
60.5 300
373
251 3343
200
182 .332
41.3 300
373
251 4997
182 .333
21.2 300
373
200
251
9888
200
183 .334
0
300
373
251
0
246 .449 159.4 300
300
373
373 1728
252 .461 129.3 :loa
373
300
373 2278
260 .475
91.0 300
373
300
373 3417
300
265 .484
47.1 300 . 373
373 6835
300
266 .486
0
300
373
373
0
200
233 .425 104.6 300
373
251
2371
200
239 .436
86.1 300
373
251 3047
244 .446
61.2 300
373
200
251 4469
146 .450
31.5 300
373
200
251 8853
247 .451
0
300
373
200
251
0
'ioo
THIS CHART IS APPLICABLE IN A HORIZONTAL PLANE ONLY
RESTRICTED
m
Mils
n
Deg.
70.85 13.8
9.71
72.28 15.5 10.56
72.60 15.8 10.76
71.85 14.9 10.29
69.61 12.6
9.07
8.5
6.85
63.77
7948 302 18.17
74.92 f-19-:-2 IBT
nO 61.62 7.4 6.21
- 1--- ~O- - 0- - 0-4.30- 76.55- 22:3 14.10
9.51
2.99 70.47 13.4
- 4]9.
5.0
1.74 54.87
0
0
0
I
5.57 79.67 30.8 18.48
3.78 74.68 18.7 12.31
2.50 66.40 10.2
7.72
( 11
1.58 57.33
4.0
I
0
0
0
4.21 76.27 21.6 13.79
9.34
2.95 70.22 13.1
7.5
6.27
2.11 61.73
1.00
1.37 43.78
2.5
0
I
0
0
5.47 79.47 30.1 18.14
4.20 75.97 21.6 13.73
2.90 69.82 12.7
9.17
4.6
4.59
1.69 53.67
1
0
0
0
4.05 75.68 20.6 13.22
3.21 71.85 15.0 10.29
8.8
7.01
2.31 64.32
3.54
1.45 46.38
3.0
0
1
0
0
3.05
3.29
3.35
3.21
2.87
2.26
548
' 385-
P U R 5 U I T C U RV E 5
28
Deg.
= Condition.
= Angle in degrees the Target is off
= Angle in degrees the Aim Point is
= Feet distance between Target and
= Feet distance between Aim Point
= Feet distance Target travels be-
from the Fighter.
off from Fighter at time of fire.

Fighter at time of fire .
and Fighter at time of fire.
tween time of fire and time when

projectile hits Target.
= Feet distance Fighter travels between time of fire and time when
projectile hits Target.
h "" Projectile time of Hight in Seconds.
= Mils lead required .

= Radius of Pursuit Curve in feet.
k = Resultant or "Seat of Pants" g.
I = An~e in degrees-between the
i
Fig ter's wingtips and horizontal.
= Mil angle the projectile Patterns
= See Page 5A, Section H, "Miscel-
shifts.
laneous Data on Aircraft HarInonization and Ballistics," COffipiled by Applied Ballistics and
Design Section.
= Rate of turn expressed in degrees

per Second. Divide by three to
get "needle width."
APPLIED BALLISTICS AND DESIGN SECTION

PROOF DIVISION, A.A.F.P.G.C., EGLIN FielD, FLA.
DATE 11-24-44
Section G
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
9" =
7 1
RESULTANT ACCELERATION
7
~
/-------
80. 30'
/-----
/L-/ _ _ _ _ _ _
/---- - - - - - -
/ - - - - - -----
/'L- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/---. ---
i=
0:::
w
---- - - ---
....J
II
r--- - - -- - - -
~---
U
U
Cl
0:::
---
/ - - - - - - - - - - - -----
....J
-- --.-
/
/
/
,/
/
/
/
/
/
/
I
I
o
THIS CHART APPLIES TO ACTION IN A HORIZONTAL PLANE ONLY.
APPROXIMATE
. APPLIED BALLISTICS AND DESIGN SECTION
PROOF DIY., A.A.J.P.G.c. EGLIN FIELD, FlA.
DATE: 17 NOY '44
RESTRICTED
29
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section G
FORMULAE FOR eOMPUTINC THE FORe~S ON AN AIReRA~T

WHEN IN A PURSUIT CURVE IN HORIZONTAL FLIGHT
_ (Yf) (Yt) (sin ).
_
A (32.2)(R) ' A -
~.
Vf 2
~g -1, A - (32.2)(r)
(3) (A)
(1845.02) (A)
A
A = (Yf)(Wn)(.001626); Wn = (Yf)(.001626); W = (Yf)(.001626) =
(Vf )
~7=1
. W _ (3) (~~) _ (1845.02) ( ~Y2=I)
(Yf)(.001626),
- (Yf)(.001626) (Vf )
W n -
~Y2=I
A = (.000795) (W) (Vfm ); W = (.000795) (Vfm ) = (.000795) (Vfm ) =
Wn
= (3)(W);
W
=-3
_ . fI2+j.
_ / ( (Vf)2
g - ~
+1, g (32.2)(r)
_
(Yf)2
r - (32.2)(~g2
_
Tangent
{3 -
1)' r -
)2 +1
(y/)2
(32.2)(A)
(y/)2
(32.2) (r)
THESE FORMULAE ARE APPLICABLE FOR

FLIGHT IN A HORIZONTAL PLANE ONLY
(1257.9)( ~~)
Vfm
WHEN
A =Radial acceleration
g =Resultant acceleration
R =Range in feet at time of fire, from fighter to
aim point
r =Radius in feet of pursuit curve at time of fire
Vf =Fighter T AS in feet per second
Vfm=Fighter TAS in miles per hour
V t =Target T AS in feet per second
W =Degrees turn in one second
Wn =One needle width=3 per second
{3
APP. Ballistics & Design Sect.

Proof Div. A.A.F.P.G.C.
Eglin Field, Fla.
=Angle in degrees, between the fighter's wing

tips and horizontal
=Angle in degrees, fighter to aim point to
target
t = (time) (speed)
Lead or aim point.

Target path
Target
~_ _
Fighter at instant in question

for computing "g's," {3, etc
~
30
PLAN
RESTRICTED
Section H
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
SECTION H
FIGHTER HARMONIZATION CHARTS
J--
o*- ,Sight li ne
t:!._ _ _. . .
SIDE VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
All guns
Outer limits of 4-mil dispersion

cone of all guns
I
I
RANGE IN FEET
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1600
400
2000
1800
PLAN VIEW OF
TRAJEGORIES
DISPERSION
PATTERNS
Based on 4-mil
dispersion cone
At
At
At
At
800
1000
At
1200
1500
It
It
2000
It
It
It
:.
SIGHT PIP
CAMERA
OR CENTER OF
PICTURE FRAME
NOTE
It
5
'~F
Dotted ci rcl es are

bullet patterns of
IOOO-1t range when
fi ring is done at
various Ugs" shown
Gun location at Aircraft
Vert Horizt
.50 cal L&R upr guns 21.94" 4.63"
.50 cal L&R Iwr guns 26.44 9.!4
1000 -IN_ BORESIGHT TARGET
8J[
+*
en
L upper
l [ower
Q9
I
:
~
...:.
R upper
I 0
cal"a
O.
42.16
O.
+
o
.--r-1r-t-.,-
._
.5/8"'4.5/ 8.1
Ma rk where sight pip is aimed for harmonization with bullet patterns

(sight setting for harmonization).
Mark where bore is aimed fo r 1000in. and SOD-ft. targets.
Mark for center of impact of 10 rounds at SOO-ft. ta rget
M~~iSw;~~~ ~:~:~:nit~ :~~~~n~e~k~~~h~a~~~[~r~~~:~e~. to

TRAJECTORY DATA
Forwa rd Fire
Gun:
20mm Cal .50
~~;'~:I~fU:'~: fuse Tm~ A~io~
Authority: Abe rdeen dala FT. ?O ACI-I ; fT. 50 AC-M l ; and 1st md. to
lellerfrom Ord. Dept. Eglin Field, Fla.,
Apri/IS, 1944, to Chief 01 Ordnance,
Washington, D.C.
Flight Angle: LEVEL FLIGHT

All.
0'
7000'
Cal
lAS
250
300
350
400
'450
200
250
300
350
400
100
250
15000'
30000'
350
400
150
200
150
300
350
Mil Angle "p."
TAS
250
300
350
400
450
221
276
331
386
440
251
313
73
434
493
242
320
398
471
543
l "g"
+1.7
-0.2
- 1.5
-2.8
- 3.9
+4.8
+2.0
-0.1
- 1.5
-2.9
+5.5
2.3
0
- 1.6
-3.1
+13.0
+7.0
+3. 1
+0.2
-1.6
2"g"
+8.3
+5.1
+2.8
+1.0
- 0.6
+14.1
+9.1
+5.7
+3.2
+ 1.1
+15.8
+1 0.3
+6.4
+ 3.6
+1.4
+19.7
+12.9
+8.0
+4.5
sight lin e.
Applied Ballistics & Design Sec., Proof Div., A.A.F.P.G.C., Egli n Field, Fla. Date : 8844.
500 - FT. FIRE -IN AND BORESIGHT TARGET
Mark where line from sight is parallel to fuselage leveling lugs.
Q9
Illower ::
i,. II~+f
,_I 1-'
.
28.95
Camera
*Fromsight tFrom plane center line.
----1
C of aircraft
20mm cannon
Targets shown are for harmonization

under the following conditions (basic
harmonization) :
Cal lAS: 300 mph
Alt: 15,000 it
TAS: 373 mph Wt: 14,700250 Ib
Angle of attack(ap) :4 mils nose down
Level flight: (1 "g")
3 "g"
+ 15.0
+10.6
+7.3
+4 .9
+2.7
+23.3
4 "g"
+21.6
+15.9
+ 11.5
+8. 6
+16A
+5A
+23.6
+ 17.4
+ 11.5
+9.4
+ 26.1
+18.5
+1 3.0
+ 8.9
+6.0
+26.5
+19.4
+13.9
+IOA
+ 11.6
+ 8.0
+32 .5
+22.8
+ 15.9
+10.9
-; ~_.
+32.6
+13.8
+16.8
Flight Angle: LEVEL FLI GHT

Ca l
"p IWt. ~14700 Lbs.)
lAS l"g" 2 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
150 +111 200 +44 +130 +216
250 +13 +68 +124 +179
300
4
+34 +73 +111
350 -13 +14 +42 +68
400 -20 +1
+23 + 44
450 -25 -8
+9
+26
BASIC HARMONIZATION
300 mph Cal lAS
'FSL
-<0::=-,--+14 m~ FP
4 mils
~~L~~fxh~l:i~ht line
Fuselage
level lugs
At J07 mph,CallM,FSlisparaliel toFP
Fli ght Angle: 300 DIVE OR CLIMB

"p IWt.~14700 Lb,.)
1 "g" 2 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
+90 +223 +32 +107 +1 81
+57 +108 +155
+7
9
+24 +57 +90
- 18 +7
+31 +55
-14 - 5
+14 +32
-27 -13 +2
+ 17
Ca l
lAS
150
100
250
300
350
400
450
a.p=MiI angle between the tuselage leveling lugs and the Bight path. This
data is derived from the best available angle of attack charts, but is not
guaranteed. The boresight targets and ~ angles are based on this angle
of the attack chart.
p=MiI angle between the sight line and the projectiles at any range out to
2000 feet. When the mil angle is minus the projectiles are above the sight
linc; when plus they nrc below. This mil nngle acts along the vertical axis
of the sight. The mil angle ~ is only applicable when the aircraft is
harmonized as shown in the above borcsight and fire-in targets.
Harmonization Chart:
P-38J Airplane
RESTRICTED
Flight Angle: 300 DIVE OR CLIMB

Alt.
7000'
15000'
30000'
Cal
lAS
250
300
350
400
450
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
300
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
Mil Angle
TAS
250
300
350
400
450
122
276
331
386
440
151
333
373
434
493
242
320
398
471
543
1 "g"
+1.0
-0.9
-2.3
-3.5
-4.3
+3.5
+ 1.2
-0.9
-2.4
- 3.7
+4.0
+ 1.5
- 0.8
-2.5
-3.9
+10.6
+ 5.2
+2.0
-0.8
-2.8
2 "g"
+7.0
+3.7
+1.7
- 0.1
-1.6
+11.6
+7.7
+4.2
+2.0
0
+ 13.0
+ 8.7
+4.7
+ 2.3
+0.1
+26.0
+16 .3
+10.9
+5.9
+2.9
"j.J."
3 "g"
+13.1
+8.4
+5.5
+3.3
+2.0
+19.5
+14.4
+9.2
+6.1
+3.6
+21.9
+16.1
+10.3
+6.8
+4.1
4 "g"
+18.7
+13.0
+9.4
+6 .5
+ 4.3
+10.5
+ 14.2
+10.3
+7.1
+23.0
+15.8
+11.4
+7.9
-27.3
+20. 0
+11.7
+ 28.3
+8A
+13.8
+19A
31
RESTRICTED
Section H
AAF MANUAL 200- 1
& l wing guns

& R syn guns
SIDE VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
RANGE IN FEET
cone C!f all guns

1400
1000
1600
1800
win g gun
PLAN VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
wing gun
(O(E~~r) :,5
"" '.{,.I'-
Based on 4- mil
dispersion cone
5 : 5 , :5 ; 5 , :5 : , 5
5 :1
5 .
: 0
S 10: .
::~:~;jt~~~f~I5
DISPERSION
PATTERNS
"5
"5
(;)
AI
At
AI
AI
At
At
600
800
1000
1200
1500
2000
it
ft
ft
ft
ft
~:~\-,:\..... "60~(2
\
ri;;;(-'fr,) '\ ,\.

/-~ ~:.')-:. \
NOTE
Dotted circles are /'
bullet patterns of
IOOO1t range when
firing is done at
various "gs" shown
} -"\\
\.
~( 2
" 0")
37mm - 7.0
o t7'
'..
01 "
>
."
5 :.:
'-
10
10
,u(3 "g") Co l. .50-1 1. "
~13 ". "1
37mm- 14.3'
\\ ~"/
i-_____ ~(4 "0") Col .50-16.7 '
~
,u(4 " g "} 37mm-21.S '
Gun l oca tio n at Aircra ft

Vert Horizt
l &R wing guns 50.705" 117.939"
l &R syn guns
12.906
7.215
Ca nnon
24.781
o.
Camera
50.5
67.8
*Fromsrght. tF rom plane center line.
0- - ~
I ~- - .. ~
I
I ~-I--- -
105"
18)
l wing
I
:
105"
67.3 / 4" !
C o fairc ro ft
18)
o
e
~~
~ ~
7'f /B"I7-l~B"
+
o
+;;;- - -- - ~
! c on:o n
Mil Angle
~_.
Cal. 0.50
3"g" 4 "g"
+8.3 + 14.5 +20.8
+5 .0 + 10.2 + 15.4
+2.7 + 7.0 +11 .3
+ 0. 8 +4 .4 + 7.8
-0.9 +2.5 +5.6
+ 13.8 +22.7
+9.0 +15.8 +22.7
+ 5.5 + 11.1 + 16.7
+ 2.9 +7.6 + 12.2
+0.9 +4.7 +8.4
+ 13.9
+1 5.4 + 25.3 +10.0 +17.6 + 25.3
+6.0 + 12.2 + 18.5
+3.2 + 8.3 +13.5
+29.8
+ 18.9 + 31.2
+ 12.2 +21.4 +30.9
+ 7.2 +14.8 + 22.3
+ 3. 7 +9.9 + 16.0
~
32
250
300
350
400
450
200
250
250
300
350
400
450
222
276
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
150
200
250
300
350
386 1.6
440 -3.2
189 +10.2
251 +5.5
313 + 2.3
373 -0.1
434 - 1.8
242 + 12.7
320 + 6.8
398 + 2.8
471 -0.1
543 - 2.2
+ 1.9
0
- 1.5
-2.9
-4.0
+5.0
2.t
Mil
1 "g"
+ 2.5
0
- 1.8
- 3.6
-5.0
+6.4
+2.7
0
-2.0
-3.9
+ 13.3
+7.1
+ 3.0
0
- 2.2
+ 16.4
+8.7
+ 3.6
0
-2.6
to sight line.
Design Sec., Proal Oiv., A.A.f.P.G.C., Eglin Field, Fla. Date: 88 44.
Gun :
37mm M4 Cal .50
Am: HE M54, luse M56 APM2
MUl vel, It/ sec:
2000
2700
Authority: Aberdeen data FT. 37 AC
AOI : FT. 50 AC-Ml; and 1st indo to
leller fromOrd. Depl. Eglin Field, Fla.,
April IS, 1944, to Chief of Ordnance,
Washington, D.C.
_
--Came ro
MT~iSwpho~~~ ~:~:~:n~~ ~~~~~n~;~ffh;a~~~rtf:aa~~I.

&
Flight Angle : LEVEL FLIGHT

Angle
2 "g"
+ 10.7
+6.5
+3.5
+1.1
-1.0
+17.9
+11. 6
+7.0
+3.7
+ 1.2
+31.2
+19.9
+12.9
+7.7
+4.1
+38.6
+24.3
+1 5.6
+ 9.2
+ 4.8
"I''' 37 MM
3 " g" 4 "g"
+ 18. +27 .0
+13. 2 +19 .8
+9.0 + 14. 5
+5.7 + 10.0
+3.2 +7.2
+29.5 +20.4 +29.3
+ 14.3 +2 1.5
+9.7 + 15.7
+6.1 + 10.7
+32.8
+ 22.6 + 32.5
+ 15.7 + 23.6
+ 10.6 +17. 1
+40. 1 + 27.3 + 39.3

+ 18.7 +28.2
+1 2.5 +20.2
Cal
lAS
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
u pI Wt. ~ 750 0 Lbs . )
1 "g" 2 " g" 3 "g"

+ 97 +244
+34 +116 + 199
+57 +109
+4
12 + 24 + 61
+ 32
+21 + 5
-28 - 7
+1 3
32 -16 + 1
4" g"
+ 162
+98
+ 59
+32
+ 17
BASIC HARMONIZATION
300 mph Cal lAS
~.
Connon I
l . yn
l wing
~~
7F
I
401/2"
1,
fS l : fixed sight line
tFuselage
level lugs
At 276 mph, CallAS, FSl is paraUelto FP
P-39Q Airplane
RESTRI CTED
1J
/
~...:
~ ~~~
in .
~
~ "'
40 1/2"
673/4"
~T---~--~t
fP : fli~htPath ~ fiiii':t
Flight Angle: 30" DIVE OR ClIMB

u p I WI.~7 500 Lbs.)
1 "g" 2"g" 3"g" 4"g"
+ 78 +205
+ 23 +94 +1 65 +237
- 3
+ 43 +89 + 134
-17 +15 +46 +77
-26 - 2
+21 +44
- 31 - 13 + 5
+ 23
- 35 -21 -6
+8
"r: t
+---_.
mIls FSl
Cal
lAS
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
~=---------
~ t-~~ ~'"O~ ~
~ FP
.2 trlilss .:2
ap=Mil angle between the fuselage leveling lugs and the fl ight path. T his
data is derived from the best available angle of attack charts. but is not
guaranteed. The boresight targets and J.I. angles are based on this angle
,t.I =Mil angle between the sight li ne and the projectiles at any range out to
2000 fect. When the mil angle is minus the projectiles are above the sight
line; when plus they are below. This mil angle acts along the vertical axis
of the sight.. The mil angle ,t.I is on ly applicable when the aircraft is
harmonized as shown in the above boresight and fi re-in targets.
500 -FT. FIRE -IN AND BORESIGHT TARGET
Le\'el flight: (l " g")
Mar k for cente r of impact of 10 round s at SOOft target.
TRAJECTORY DATA
Forw ard Fire
R wing
Taq{ets shown are for harmonization

under the follow ing conditions (basic
harmonization):
Cal lAS ; 300 mph
Alt: 7,000 it
T A8: 331 mph Wt: 7,500200 Ib
Angleof aUack (ap) : 12mi lsnoscdown
Ma rk where line from si ght is para ll el 10 fus elage levelin g lugs.

Mark whe re si ght pip is aim ed for harmon ization with bullet patterns
(sight settin g for ha rmonization).
Ma rk where bo re is aimed for lOOOin . and SOO-fl. targets.
Applied Ballistics
:t
Flight An gle: LEVEL FLI GHT

Cal
;;: lAS TAS 1 "g" 2" g"
10
10
D EGRE E 0 1 : "
1000 - IN. BORESIGHT TARGET
l syn
It
, (Two " 9" )
"0 "1
. Co l .50-5.5'
(,;:;:('{~
"5ffimHl~~~~mmHl
SIGHT PIP
CAMERA
OR CENTER OF
. PICTURE FRAM E
'"
"5
.. -',,<"-'l
C of aircraft
--1
in
~
e-~
Comero
Flight Angle : 30 DIVE OR CLI MB

--' Cal
;;:
lAS TAS
250 250
300 300
'" 350 350
400 400
450 450
200 200
276
g
331
R 350 386
400 440
150 189
251
313
~ 300 373
350 434
150 242
'" 200 320
8 250 398
g 300 471
350 543
~~
l~~
Mil Angle " ~ " Ca l. 0.50

1 "g" 2 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
+ 1.1 + 6. 6 + 12.1 +17.5
- 0.7 + 3.8 +8 .1 + 12.5
-2.3 + 1.6 + 5.2 +8.9
-3.5 +0.2 +3. 0 +6.2
- 4.6 - 1.9 + 1.1 +3. 8
+ 3.8 +11.4 +1 9.1 +26 .8
+1.2 + 7.2 +1 3.2 +1 9.0
-0.8 + 4.1 +8.7 + 13.5
-2.5 + 1.7 + 5.7 + 9.6
- 3.8 - 0.3 +3.2 + 6.7
+ 8.4 + 20.3
+4.2 + 12.7 +2 1.3 +29.9
+ 1.3 + 8.0 + 14.7 + 21.2
- 0.9 +4 .5 + 9.7 + 14.9
-2.8 +1.8 +6.2 +10.6
+10.5 + 25.2
+5.2 + 15.7 +26.2 +36.9
+1. 5 +9.7 + 17.9. + 25.9
- 1.1 +5.4 +11.7 + 18.0
-3.3 +2. 1 + 7.4 +12 .6
Mil
I "g"
+ 1.4
- 0.9
-2.9
- 4.3
-5.7
+4 .9
+ 1.5
- 1.0
-3. 1
- 4.6
+ 11.0
+ 5.4
+1.7
- 1.1
-3.4
+13. 6
+6.6
+2.0
- 1.3
-4.0
An gle " 1-''' 37 MM

2 "g" 3"g" 4 "g"
+8.5 + 15. 6 +22.6
+ 4.9 +1 0. 5 + 16.0
+2.0 +6.7 +11.4
- 0.2 + 3.9 +7.9
-2.2 .+ 1.7 +5.0
+14 .8 +24.8 +34.9
+ 9.3 + 17.0 +24.6
+ 5.3 +1 1.3 +17.4
+2.2 + 7.3 +12.4
-0.2 +4 .1 +8.5
+26.4
+ 16.5 + 27.5 +38.7
+10.3 +18.9 + 27.3
+5.8 + 12.5 +19.1
+ 2.4 +8.0 + 13.5
+32.7
+20. 1 + 33.6 +47.3
+1 2.4 +22.8 +33.0
+6.9 + 14.9 +22.8
+ 2.8 + 9.4 + 15.9
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section H
1111111111[glllllli
o
'
SIDE VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES

cone of all guns
I
I
1600
1\00
RANGE IN FEET
I
400
200
600
800
,,~
1200
1000
\,000
10
10
R I gu n
gun
5;::- RR 32 gun
PLAN VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
L & R I guns
l&R
l & R3guns
2 gu ns
0_
5-
-...
10
10
Sight line
l3 gu n
L 2 gun
llgun
DISPERSION
PATTERNS
Based on 4-mil
dispersion cone
AI
AI
AI
AI
AI
800
1000
1200
1500
2000
SIGHT PIP
II
It
II
II
It
CAMERA
OR CENTER OF
PICTURE FRAME
l~
: ~ :IiS
':~
.. .
..
5 : '."
NOTE
.'
10
Dotted ci rcles are

bullet patte rns of
IOOO-t! range when
firing is done at
various "gs" shown
Cal 0.50
l&R No.1 guns

l&R NO.2 guns
l&R No.3 guns
Camera
+7'- '
~L
Vert
45.43"
44.39
43.39
35.0
Horizt
69.68"
77.18
85. 16
40.0
Q9
cOlo,mol11
Cal lAS: 250 mph

Alt: 7,000 ft
TAS: 276 mph IVt: 8,500200 Ib
Angle of att-ack (ap) : 15 mils nose up
*fromsighl. tfromplanecenterline.
+o
5 .',
Targets sl:rowo are for harmonization

under the following conditions (basic
harmonization):
Gun location at Aircraft
1000 -IN. BORESIGHT TARGET
011
10
10
~
5'u;i' .
0 1 151 0
+
cOlo;moll~
Level flight: (1 "gH)
Mark where lin e from sight is parallel to fuselage leveling lugs.

Mark where sight pip is aimed for harmonization with bullet patterns
(sight setti ng for harmonization ).
Mark where bore is aimed for 1000-in. and 500f1. targets.
Mark for center of impact of 10 rounds at SOO ft. target.
MT~it:oi~; ~:~:~:nit~ ~~~~~n're~k~~fh~a~~[~r:~~:~~. to sight line.
TRAJECTORY DATA
Cal .50
APM-2
2700
Authority: Aberdeen data FT.

50 AC -M I; and lstind. to letter
from Ord. Dept., Egtin Field,
Fla., Apri l IS, 194 4. to Chief 01
Ordnall(;e, Washington, O. C.
Fl ight Angle: LEVEL FLIGHT

All.
0'
7000'
15000'
30000'
Mil Angle"J!"
TAS
200
250
300
350
400
222
276
331
386
440
189
251
333
373
434
242
320
398
471
543
I "g"
+ 2.6
-0.1
-2.0
-3.6
-5.0
3.0
0
-2.1
-3.8
-5.3
+8.1
+ 3.4
+0.1
- 2.2
4.1
+10.4
+4.4
+0.4
- 3.5
-4.7
2 "g"
+10.5
+6.1
+3.0
+0.4
- 1.4
+ 11.7
+6.8
+3 .4
+0.5
- 1.4
+22.1
+13.1
+7.7
+ 3.9
+0.7
+27.8
+16.4
+10. 5
+4.9
+ 1.0
3 "g"
+18.5
+12.4
+ 8.1
+ 4.4
+2.2
+20.4
+13.6
+8.9
+4.9
+ 2.4
+20.4
+14.4
+ 9.2
+6.1
+22.9
+15.2
+9.9
+5 .4
+22.8
+ 16.0
+10.2
+28.4
+ 18.9
+12.2
+6.7
4 "g"
+ 18.6
+1 3.1
+8.4
+5.6
+28.1
+ 19.5
+12.4
~
I
1I
i ~'g
~.
I9
~;l~l;rx~ls.~i~ht line ~ I Fustlage

------'l4 mil s...--. eve ugs
..<:J!, 5 mil s -- y--- fSl
--::"J. mil .l\--' FP
343/8" :
41 .3/4"
493 /4"
Camera . -. _ _
40"
At 253 mp h, Cal lAS FSl is paraJlelto FP
flight Angle: lEVEL FLIGHT

a p (WI. -8500 Lbs.1
Cal
lAS 1 "gH 2 HgH 3 "gH 4 "gH
150 +105 +255
200 +44 + 125 + 206 250 +1 5 +67 +119 + 171
300
0 +36 +72 +108
350 -9
+16 +41 +66
400 -15 +5 , +25 + 44
fli ght Angle: 30 DIV E OR CLIMB

Cal
a p (WI.-85OO lbs.)
lAS 1 "gH 2 "gH 3 HgH 4 "gH
150 +89 +21 6 200 + 32 +102 +172 +241
250 +9
+54 +99 +144
300 -5
+2 6 +56 + 86
350 - 13 + 8
+29 + 50
400
19
3
+ 14 + 31
a.p=Mil angle between the fuselage leveling lugs and the flight path. This
data is derived from the best a"aiiable angle of attack charw, but is not
guaranteed. The boresight targew and J1. angles are based on this angle
J1.=Mil angle between the sight line and the projectiles at any range out to
2000 feet . When the mil angle is min us the projectiles are above the sight
of the sight. The mil angle p. is only applicable when the aircraft is
har~onized as shown in the above boresight and fire- in targets.
P-40 Airplane
RESTRICTED
l3
BASIC HARMONIZATION
250 mph Col lAS
Forward Fire
Gun:
Ammu nition :
Muz vel , ft/sec:
'.
Appiied Ballistics & Design Sec., Proof Diy., A.A.F.P.G.C., Eglin Field, Fla. Date : 8844.
Cal
lAS
200
250
300
350
400
20
250
300
.350
400
150
200
250
300
350
150
200
250
300
350
I"
.> ;;~:
10
fli ght Angle: 30 DIVE OR CLIMB

Alt.
0'
7000'
15000'
30000'
Cal
lAS
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
300
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
150
200
250
300
350
Mil Angle " J1."
TAS
200
250
300
350
400
222
276
331
386
440
189
251
313
373
434
242
320
398
471
543
1 "g"
+1.4
-0.8
-2.7
- 4.2
5.7
+1.7
-0.8
-2.9
-4.5
6.1
+6.6
+ 2.0
-0.7
-3.1
-4.9
+8.5
+2.7
-0.7
-3.5
-5.6
2 "g"
+8.3
+ 4.6
+1.6
-0.9
+2.8
+9.2
+5.1
+1.9
-0.9
-3.0
+1 8.4
+10.4
+5.8
+2.2
-0.8
+23.3
+1 3.0
+ 7.3
+2 .8
-0.8
3 "g"
+1 5.1
+10.0
+5.8
+2.5
+0.2
+1 6.7
+11.0
+6.4
+ 2.8
+0. 3
+1 8.8
+12.3
+7.2
+3.2
+23.4
+15.3
+ 8.9
+4.0
4 "g"
+21.9
+15.4
+10.0
+\.8
+3.2
+ 24.2
+16.8
+11.0
+6.4
+3.6
+27.1
+18.9
+12.3
+7.2
+33.6
+23.3
+1 5.1
+8.7
33
RESTRICTED
Section H
AAF MANUAL 200-1

5 L &R3guns
R t B. ~ gU lls
L & R 2 guns
..,.. 1l &
sight line
SIDE VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
200
cone of all guns
~ 5
PLAN VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
~O
'"
R 2 gun
R 3 gun
R 4 gun
- - ~.
In 5
15
0/ R 1 gu n
- -
>-
2000
15
10
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
10
r- Outer limits of 4-mil dispersion
10
RANGE IN FEET
0- Sight line
L 4 gun
5_ L3 gun
10
L 2 gun
L 1 gun
15
15
:,:,:,:.
DISPERSION
PATIERNS
Based on 4-mil
dispersion cone
o
SIGHT PIP
1000
1200
1500
it
ft
ft
ft
CAMERA
;0 ,5. ~
OR CENTER OF
PICTURE FR AME
At
At
800
10
11
10
It,
2000
10
15
10
5 ........... .
:::.;.
10
1000 - IN. BORESIGHT TARGET
*1'1~" _. ~".....,--,.
I,V
8 -::': L
C of Otrcraft
.'.
Gun Locot ion ot Ai rcraft

Cal 0.50
Vert Horizt
L&R No. I guns 47.344" 107.875'
L&R No.2 guns 46.969 113.844
L&R NO.3 guns 46.594 119.813
L&R NO.4 guns 46.219 125.78"
Camera
45.750 47.813
10
Targets shown are for harmonizat.ion

untler the rollo\\'in~ conditions (basic
harmonization) :
Cal US: 300 mph
Angle of att.ack (ap): 11 mil:; nO:5e up

Level flight: (1 "g")
"'Fromsiglit. t From plane center line.
+
o
:\It: 15,000 ft
TAS: 373 mph Wt: 14,OOl.l250 Ib
Mark where line from sight is parallel 10 fuselage leveling lugs.

Ma rk where sight pip is aimed for harmonization with bullet patterns
Mark where bore is aimed for IOOO-in. and 500ft. targets.
Mark for center of impact of 10 rounds at 500-ft target.
MT~iSwpho~~~ ~:~:!:nit~ :~~~~n~~~ffh~a~;'~r::~aa~~I. to
sight line.
Applied Ballistics & Design Sec., Proof Div., A.A.F.P.G.C., Eglin Field, Fla. Date: 8-8-44.
BASIC HARMONIZATION
300 mph Cal IA~
TRAJECTORY DATA
Forward Fire
Gun:
Ammunition
Muz vel, It/ sec:
Ca l .SO
APM2
2700
FP: FliJht path

Fuseiage
FSl' Fixed sight line ...-----.- level lugs
~7. 6_m.l'st!'-...
Authority: Aberdeen data FT.

SOAC-Ml;and lstind. to letter
from Ord. Dept., Eglin Field,
Fla., April IS, 1944, to Chief of
Ordnance, Washington, D.C.
Cal
Alt.
0'
7000'
15000'
30000'
34

Mil Angle "1-'''
lAS
TAS
250
300
350
400
450
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
00
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
250
300
350
400
450
222
276
331
386
440
251
313
373
434
493
242
320
398
471
543
1 "g"
+2. 1
- 0.3
-2.2
-3.8
-5.0
+6.1
+2.5
-0.2
-2.2
-4.0
+7.1
3.0
2.2
- 4.2
+16.9
+9.1
+4.0
+0.4
- 2.3
2 "g"
+10.7
+6.8
+3.8
+0.8
-0.7
+ 18. 1
+11.9
+7.5
-4.2
+1.1
+20.4
+13.4
+8.4
+4.8
+1.3
+25.6
+ 16.8
+10.6
+6.1
3 "g"
+19.2
+13.7
+9.5
+6.2
+3.7
+21.1
+15.1
+10.5
+6.8
+23.7
+ 16.9
+11.7
+7.7
+ 29.5
+20.8
+ 14.3
4 "g"
+27.8
+20.7
+15.4
+11.2
+8.0
+30.5
+22.7
+16.7
+ 12.2
+34.2
+25.3
+18.8
+13.6
+42.3
+31.0
+22.8
...,..c::ll
rnil~
3.4
~~~l
C of ain::raft
Flight Angle. 300 DIVE OR CLI MB
a p IWt._14000 l b'.1
Cal
lAS 1 "g" 2 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
ap IWt.~ 1 4000 Lb,.)

Cal
lAS 1 "g" 2 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
150
200
250
30v
350
400
450
+161
+ 74
+33
+11
2
- 11
-16
+185
+1 05
+61
+35
+15
+6
+176
+lll
+71
+45
+28
--1
Camera
AI 31D mph, CallAS, FSl is paratlel lo FP
+248
+161
+108
+ 73
+50
+131
+ 59
+23
+5
-7
- 14
-19
+ 155
+86
+48
+25
+10
0
+251
+1 48
+92
+56
+34
+1 9
+207
+134
+89
+59
+38
ap=MiI angle between the fuselage leveling lugs and the fl ight path. This
data is derived from the best available angle of attack charts, but is not
guaranteed. The boresight targets and Jl- angles are based on this angle
I-'=Mil angle betw~n the sight line and the projectiles at any range out to
2000 feet.. When the mil angle is minus the projectiles are above the sight
of the sight. The mil angle I-' .;s only applicable when the aircraft is
harmonized as shown in the above boresight and fire-in targets.
Harmonization Chart
P-47 Airplane
RESTRICTED
Flight Angle : 30 0 DIVE OR CLIMB

Alt.
0'
7000'
15000'
30000'
Cal
lAS
TAS
250
300
350
400
450
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
300
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
250
300
3,0
400
450
222
276
331
386
440
251
313
373
434
493
242
320
398
471
543
1 "g"
+0.9
-1.1
- 3.0
- 4.3
-5.6
+4.5
+1.2
-1.1
- 3.0
- 4.5
+5.3
+1.5
- 1.0
- 3.2
- 4.8
+13.4
+6.9
+2.3
+0.8
-3.4
Mil Angle"JL"
2 "g"
3 "g"
+8.5
+15.9
+4.9
+11.1
+2.2
+7.3
- 0.1
+4.2
+1.8
+1.9
+14.9
+25.2
+17.5
+9.4
+5.5
+12.2
+2.5
+8.0
+0.1
+4.7
+16.8
+28.3
+10.7
+ 19.7
+6.3
+ 13.7
+2.9
+9.0
+0.3
+6.3
+21.1
+13.5
+7.9
+3.8
+ 35.3
+24.5
+16.9
+11.1
4 "g"
+22.9
+ 16.9
+ 12.4
+8.7
+5.6
+25.2
+18.6
+13.6
+9.5
+28.3
+20.7
+15.1
+10.6
+35.0
+25.5
+18.4
Section H
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
.~~ ~ -:,Elif!!!~II~!llilllf!li~i!~~II!lllllllfo-~
SIDE VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
~_._;
limits
RANGE IN FEET
1000
1
All guns
Sight line
10
cone of all guns

1600
1800
15
PLAN VIEW OF
TRAJEaORIES
PLAN
VIEW OF TRAJECTORIES
15
-=-~f1i.Ir-~.: EV=-E_~"?"(:_~p- ~ "g-,-, ) :,:

~; :,:~: ,: ,:1:BIfHj:l3mB
DISPERSION
PATTERNS
:::::::-;.
..
tt\'-.: ~~
~)
Based on 4-mil
::t--
dispersion cone
~O)~
I '
i.:!.N
SIGHT PIP
(())-_.
"-
At
At
AI
At
AI
At
At
600
800
900
1000
1200
1500
2000
7,;: : ~; =~>i~T~-~-G-'~~~:II.:*;.t.J.:II~melfft
....\~v
Dotted Circles are

/'{.J')
bullet patterns of
lOOO-ft range when '\:'.:)
firing IS done at
\
various "gs" shown
\.
q '-"\
,b q
10
",.~"
~\
,.
io
' ..
10
tt'1r--]~&... .
1 _1 / 2 "
LrC of aircraft
1::
L&R No. 1 guns

L&R No. 2 guns
L&R No.3 guns
L&R NO.4 guns
Camera
1,1'I'
Ii'
I
I
02
03
*Fromsight.
~~~~"~
o::t LO o:t
(T')
~~
;;;
w!-:~
:c.:h--LL--_
1 ;t),"!
,I, l"' 1,!97.7/8" ~7/~"
i I
4
'
All.
0'
7000'
15000'
30000'
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
TAS
250
300
350
400
450
222
276
331
386
440
251
313
373
434
493
242
320
398
471
543
1 "g"
+2.1
-0.3
-2.2
-4.0
-4.9
+6.l
+2.4
-0.2
-2.2
- 4.0
+7.0
2.9
2.2
-4.0
+16.8
+9.1
+4.0
+0.4
.-2.2
3 "g"
+19.2
+13.7
+9.5
+6.2
+3.7
4 "g"
+27.8
+20.7
+15.4
+11.2
+8.0
+ 21.1
+15.l
+10.5
+6.9
+30.5
+22.7
+16.9
+12.3
+23.7
+1 6.9
+11.7
+ 7.7-
+34.2
+25.3
+18.8
+13.6
2 "s"
+10.7
+6.7
+3.8
+0.9
-0.6
+18.0
+11.8
+7.4
+4.2
+1.1
+20.3
+13.4
+ 8.4
+4 .9
+1.4
+25.5
+16.8
+10.6
+6.2
+29.5
+20.8
+14.4
+42.3
+31.0
+22.8
T :\S: 3i3 mph Wt: 14,OOO250 Ib
Angle of attack (ap) : II mils nose up

Level flight: ( 1 -'g")
--f-+-"t"~1-1 ~2"
Sore of
.?~~~~n
1.0
Mark for center of impact of 10 rounds at 900-ft. target.
Mark where camera is aimed making camera paraliel to sight line.
TRAJECTORY DATA
Forward FireCal .50

APM-2
2700
Center of
e of
ap=Mil angle between the fuselage leveling lugs and tbe Bigbt patb. This
data is derived from the best avai lable angle of attack charts, but is not
guaranteed. The boresight targets and I-' angles are based on tbis angle
of tbe attack chart.
I-'=Mil angle between the sight line and the projectiles at any range out to
of the sight. The mil angle I-' is only applicable when the aircraft is
harmonized as shown in the above boresight and fire-in targeU!.
P-47 Airplane
RESTRICTED
00
'
l
Camera
==::"'__-.
aircraft _ .L._ _
...
At 318 mph, Cal lAS, FSl is parallel 10 FP
Flighl Angle: 30" DIVE OR CLIMB

Cal
ap IWt.~14000 Lbs.1
lAS I "g" 2 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
150 +131
200 +59 +155 +251 250 +23 +86 +148 +207
300 +5
+48 +92 +134
7
+25 +56 +89
350
400
14 +10 +34 +59
450
19
0
+19 +38
imp-Cl~m.;_1/2"
of Clilgun$
Fuselage
level lugs
5.7 0'l.:1
FSl
___ 1 mils 5.3I1}U FP
.
Flighl Angle: LEVEL FLIGHT

ap IWI._14000 Lbs.1
Cal
lAS l"g" 2"g" 3 "g" 4"g"
150 +161
200 +74 +185
250 +33 +105 +176 +248
300 +11 +61 +lll +161
350 -2
+35 +71 +108
440 -11 +15 +45 +73
16
450
+6
+28 +50
BASIC HARMONIZATION
300 mph Col lAS
FP : Flialll pa.lh .
FSl : F:xed slght llOe
This point represents the center of the picture frame.
Applied Ballistics & Design Sec., Ploof Div., A.A.F.P.G.C., Eglin Field, Fla. Date: 8-8-44.
Au thority: Aberdei!n data FT.

SOAC-M-l;and ISlind . lol~tler
from Ord. Dept., Eltin FIeld,
Fla., April 15, 1944 to Chief 01
Ordnance, Wash ington, D.C.
j'
Mil Angle "JJ."
107.875"
113.844
119.813
12;.78
47.813
Targets shown are for harmonization

under the fo llowing conditions (basic
harmonization) :
Cal lAS: 300 mph
Alt: 15,000 ft
Mark where line from sight is parallel to fuselage leveling lugs.

Mark where bore is aimed for lOOOin. and 900ft. targets.
Muz vel, ft/ sec:
Flighl Angle: LEVEL FLIGHT

Cal
lAS
250
300
350
400
450
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
+
o
47.344"
46.969
46.594
46.219
45.750
tF rom planecenler line.
Gun:
Ammunition:
"
1031 / 4" 1031 /4"

1083/4" . 108-3/4"
1141 / 8 "
1141 /8"
l0illlll.l~
15
20
l3
"-";1.:,;:
'~,,'?J
" .\
~'-"~,:>
.". ,. ... '

15
Gun Location at Aircraft

Cal 0.50
Vert* Horizt
., '
\.
-l
47-3/4"
Flighl Angle: 30" DIVE OR CLIMB

All.
0'
7000'
15000'
30000'
Ca l
lAS
250
300
350
400
450
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
300
350
400
150
200
150
300
350
Mil Angle "p."
lAS
250
300
350
400
450
222
276
331
386
440
251
313
373
434
493
242
320
398
471
543
1 "g"
+0.9
- 1.2
-3.0
-4.3
-5.5
+4.5
+1.1
-1.1
-3.0
-4.5
+5.2
+1.5
-1.0
-3.l
-4.7
+13.3
+6.9
+1.3
-0.8
-3.4
2 "g"
+8.4
+4.9
+2.2
0
-1.8
+14.8
+9.3
+5.5
+2.5
-O.l
+16.7
+10.6
+6.3
+3.0
+0.3
+21.1
+13.5
+8.0
+3.9
3 "g"
+15.8
+11.0
+7.3
+4.2
+1.9
+25.l
+17.4
+12.2
+8.l
+4.8
+28.2
+19.7
+13.7
+9.1
+5.4
+35.3
+24.5
+16.9
+11.2
4 "g"
+22.9
+16.9
+17.4
+8.7
+5.7
+25.l
+18.6
+13.6
+ 9.6
+28.2
+20.7
+15.2
+10.7
+35.0
+25.5
+ 18.5
35
RESTRICTED
Section H
AAF MANUAL 200-1
~i'=i51!1I!!!!!!!I!I!I!lII!!lIl!liil!!!llifliillii!iiilil!li!!I!!lIi!!II!I!!!lIiIll:'
,
: -0
l&R 2 guns
.-Sight line
II!--~ 5
s l &R lguns
LL.
SIDE VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
~
.
~uter limits of 4-mil dispersion
RANGE IN FEET
,
a
PLAN VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
200
800
600
400
1000
1200
cone of all guns
1400
1600
1800
2000
I\~
====~ 5'
i m o_ _
II
"
R 2 Gun
;!--- Illgun
~~
~- O
==~150
:
10
L2 gun
II gun
___--:'~LE~: . ,": ' :, :',':' :"

. :, : .
DISPERSION
PATTERNS
'~#r~-~ ~~~N
.. "<;..;
Z=~\
Based on 4-mil
dispersion cone
''/--'
At
A'
A,
At
At
At
600
800
1000
1200
1500
2000
II
II
II
II
II
.. ~,
:~~ ~:- . -- .
SIGHT PIP
'r
c~ I . ~~~E~:~E
CAMERA
OR CENTER OF
PICTURE FRAME
IA,f!;j1
NOTE
\'~"~
:1
0.' 011
5
:;;.
5 . ";'"
0;;.:
Dotted circles are

./I:~: \
~~'
bullet patterns of'/
\
.
.,.'\
IOOOft range when
.
P,'J.~'
firing is done at
\
" .\
various I<gs" shown
.
y-'Vo \~~
~~~~t:h~hf~i~:\~~gf~:~:rt%~~i(~~~i~
Gun location at Aircra ft
Cal 0.50
harmonization) :
Horizt
Vert
L&R No. I guns 40.238' BO.50B'

L&R No. 2 guns 40.1 24 87.998
Gun Camera
*fromsig hl.
+o
18)
48.543
Cal lAS; 300 mph

Al t: 15,000 ft
TAS: 373 mph Wt: 9,500200 Ib
Angle of attack (ap) : 12 mils nose up
Level fli ght: (1 "g")
35.953
t Fromplanecenter line.
Ma rk where line from sight is parallel to fuselage leveling lugs.

Mark where bore is airneJ for 1000in. and 50Qft. targets.
Mark for center of impact of 10 rounds at 500ft target.
M~~iSwpho~~~ ~:~;!~n~; ~~~~~n~~~r~h~a;c~~ar:i::~:I. to
sight line.
Applied Ballistics & Design Sec., Proof Div., A.A.F. P.G.C., Eglin Field, Fla, Dale: 8844.
Cal.SO
APM2
2700
Autho rity : Abe rdeen dala FT.

~a ACMl : and Islind. lo letter
from Ord. Dept., Eglin Field,
Fla., Apri l 15, 1944,10 Chief of
Ordnance, Washington, D.C.

All.
O
7000'
Cal
lAS
250
300
350
400
450
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
15000'
30000'
36
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
Mil Angle "M"
TAS
250
300
350
400
450
222
276
331
3B6
440
251
313
37
434
493
242
320
39B
471
543
1 "g"
+ 0.8
- 0.6
- 1.6
-2.6
- 3.3
+3.5
+1.2
-0.4
-1.5
-2.5
+ 4.3
1.8
-1. 2
- 2.4
+11.2
+6.2
+3.0
+O.B
-0.7
2 "g"
+7.0
+4.4
+2.5
+ 1.1
-0.2
+12.1
+B.O
+5.1
+3.0
+1.5
+ 13.9
+9.4
+6. 1
+3.7
+2.0
+27.9
+ IB.O
+12.3
+B.I
+5.2
3"g"
+ 13. 1
+9.4
+6.7
+4.7
+3.2
+20.7
+14.6
+10.6
+7.6
+5.4
+23.5
+16.8
+12.1
+8.7
+6.2
+24 .2
+I B.2
+13.B
+ 10.5
+29.9
+21.4
+15.5
+11.1
+30.4
+22.8
+17.3
4 "g"
+19.2
+14.5
+1 1.0
+ 8.2
+6.1
+21.3
+16.1
+12.2
+9.2

ap IWt. _9500 Lbs.)
Cal
lAS I "g" 1 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
150 + 119 +261
200 +57 +137 +21 7
250 +28 +80 +131 +182
300 + 12 +48 +B4 +120
350 +3
+29 +55 +82
400 -4
+17 +37 +57
450 -8
+8
+25 +40
r-
FP : FIi,hlpa.lh.
FSL: FIXed .slghl line
RESTRICTED
36'
3178'
39.3/8"
'
Ii;
Camera
AI3S0 mph, Call AS, FSlis paraUello FP
Airplanes
31 7/8'
393 8"
.-.-t---.---
mil~~Fuselage
~~~V;I IUgS
Harmonization Chart: P-S1B &(
R2
+.::L- -I-
I .
1.5
ap=MiI angle between the fuselage leveling lugs and the fli ght path. This
data is derived from the ~st available angle of attack chart.s. but is not
guaranteed. The boresight targets and f.L angles arc based on this angle
or the attack chart.
f.L=1'Ii1 angle between the sight line and t he projectiles at any range out to
line; when plus they are below. This mil angle acts along the vcrtical axis
of the sight. The mil angle f.L is on ly applicable when the aircraft is
harmonized as shown in the above borcsight and fire-in targets.
C of aircraft
~! ~9 4~i '~" l!s ~
.- ~FSl
Flight Angle: 30 DIVE OR CLI MB

ap IWt._9500 Lbs.1
Cal
lAS I "g" 2"g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
150 +100 +224 200 +46 +115 +185 +254
250 +21 +66 +111 +155
300 +7
+38 +69 +100
350
I
+22 +45 + 68
400 -6
+11 +29 +46
450 -10 +4
+ IB +32
L2
BASIC HARMONIZATION
300 mph Cal lAS
TRAJECTORY DATA
Forward Fire
Gun:
Ammunition;
Muz vel, ft/ sec:
SOO-FT, FIRE-IN AND BORESIGHT TARGET
Flight Angle: 3D" DIVE OR CLIMB

All.
O
7000'
15000'
30000'
Cal
lAS
250
300
350
400
450
200
150
300
350
400
200
250
300
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
Mil An le"IJ."
TAS
250
300
350
400
450
222
276
331
386
440
251
313
373
434
493
242
320
398
471
543
1 "g"
0
-1.3
-2.3
- 3.0
-3.8
+2.3
+0.3
-1.1
-2.2
-3.0
+ 3.0
+0.8
-0.9
-2.0
-2.8
+9.0
+4.6
+1.8
-0.2
- 1.6
2 "g"
+5.3
+3.0
+ 1.4
0
-1. 0
+9.7
+6.2
+3.6
+1.8
+0.3
+ 11.3
+7.3
+4.4
+2.4
+0.7
+23.4
+ 14.8
+9.8
+6.1
+3.6
3 "g"
+10.7
+7.3
+5.1
+3.3
+I.B
+17.2
+12.0
+8.3
+5.8
+3.8
+19.7
+ 13.3
+9.6
+6.8
+4.5
4 "g"
+16.0
+11.7
+8.7
+6.3
+4.5
+14.7
+ 17.8
+13.0
+9.B
+ 7.1
+27 .9
+20.2
+14.8
+ 11.2
+8. 1
+15.2
+17.8
+ 12.4
+8.8
+35.4
+25.6
+18.7
+14.1
Section H
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
~~Ii. ._
112
=---
SIDE VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
& R 3 guns
& R 1 guns
L & R 1 guns
limits of 4-mil d ispersion

cone of all guns
1600
1800
~: : : ~if:l: l i il! l!lIlIlIlilil il!j!lIlIli!"i'!l IlIil I!lI I IiI! lI !lI !lI! I!;}!I: gun
2 gun
3 gun
PLAN VIEW OF
TRAJECTORIES
lin.
gun
2 gun
Ll gun
iEL~~~. '):'
DISPERSION
PATTERNS
Based on 4- miJ
~)
dispersion cone
:f;tI~~'ot
o
SIGHT PIP
CAM ERA
O R CENTER OF
PICTURE FR AME
!5.-'~~
,r-~~
.-\,_ _ _ _4-
1..... 60DEGREE
.iII1J~- (Two "g " )
..r~~111~~'\
_/. ~ ..~
r.J~'
/~,/~-}
NOTE
Dotted ci rcles are ./
bullet pattern s of
IOOOft range when
firi ng is done at
various "gs" shown
.' .. \
. '~\'\
0'
7000'
15000'
30000'
ori
s~
5BJj
... :
5 .:. , "" ,:'

': ~~:: :. :~..
*Fromsight.
C of c lrcro ft
N""-
q- -
'" ~;:: ~
I.
Rl
'"
M~
-iR2,..+.
,
I I I +. + I
I.~
.
! 25 1/ 2"
I1
71 1 / 4" 71 1/ 4"
.
79 1/ 4"
791/4"
87 1/ 4"
87 1/ 4"
TAS
150
300
350
400
450
111
176
331
386
440
151
313
373
434
493
242
310
398
471
543
1 "g"
+LO
-0.6
- 1.9
-3.1
- 3.9
+4.1
+1.5
- 0.3
-1.8
- 3. 1
+ 5.0
1.0
0
1.6
-3. 1
+1 3.0
+ 7.0
+ 3.3
+0.8
-1.3
l"g"
+8.1
+5.0
+1.9
+1.1
.. 0.4
+ 14.0
+9.1
+ 5.8
+ 3.4
+1.5
+16.1
+ 10.6
+6.8
+4. 1
+1.0
+ 31.8
+20.6
+ 13.1
+8.9
+5.6
o
e
t Fromplanecenterline.
(sight settin g for harmonization) .
Mark where bore is aimed for 1000in. and SOOIt. targets.
Mark lor center 01 impact 01 10 rounds at
sooft.
ta rget.
M~iSwpho~~~ ~:~:~!nit~ ~~~~~n~~k~~~h~a~~;~rg~~:~~.to
TRAJECTORY DATA
Forwa rd Fire
Cal .SO
APM-2
2700
Authorit~ : Aberdeen data FT.

SO AC M I ; and Ist ind . to/e tter
from Ord. De pt., Eglin Field,
Fla., Ap ril IS, 1944, 10 ehie! of
Ordnance, Was hi ngton, D.C,
3 "g"
+15. 0
+ 10.8
+7.5
+5. 1
+ 3.1
+13.8
+ 16.7
+11.0
+ 8.5
+ 5.8
+ 17.0
+ 19.0
+1 3.7
+9.5
+ 6.6
4 "g"
+11.1
+ 16.4
+ 11.3
+9.1
+6.7
+ 17.6
+ 10.4
+ 15.4
+11. 5
+34.1
+ 24.1
+17.3
+12.2
+34.5
+15.4
+19.0
+14A
+ 18.1
+1 3.7
+10.1
c af a""a lt
Mark where line from sight is parall el to fuselage leveling lugs.
Gun :
Ammunition :
M Ul vel, ft/sec:
Mil An gle "IJ."
+
o
('III l AS: 30n mph

..\ It: 15,000 ft
T AS: 3i3 mph \\"t: !I/>)I12UO Ib
An~11' (If atta('k (ap) : 13 mils noS(' up
Levl'l fli~ht: (l "j!")
sight line.
()
BASIC HARMONIZATION
300 mph Cal lAS
FP : FtiJ ht pat h
FSl : FixedsighlUne
1 mi l
Fuselage
1I
RI
()-
I, ,~L2 ~
+~r~0 .~R2n
1
0 <:)
Applied Ball istics & Design Sec., PrOOf Diy., A.A.F.P.G.C., Egli n field . Fla. Da te: 8844.
Cam ..a
Targ:l'ts shnwn arl' for harmon ization

undt'r thl' fllll o\\"i n ~ I'ond itions (basic
harmonizat ion) :
G un l o cat io n ot Aircraft
Cal 0.50
Vert Horizt
l &R No. I guns 44.731" 79. 123"
L&R No. 1 guns 44.002 87.091
L&R NO.3 guns 43.493 95.076
Camera
50, 140 25.561
Flight Angle: LEVEL FliGHi

All.
o~
11
Ca l
lAS
150
300
350
400
450
100
150
300
350
400
100
150
300
350
400
150
100
250
300
350
ft
.:
~o
At
2000
It
~\i'
II
At
1500
It
10
.,.I.,.~.- .
At
1200
It
<:J-'~
I.
At
1000
It
~, ..:
/\~'
'y- j
\
l2
At
800
It
5:
0.
5
At
600
:, '"
<Xl
131 .3 / 4 " 313/4" !
<Xl
:g
! 393 / 4" [ 39-3 / 4"

473 / 4 '
47-3/ 4',
_
- ~vel l u gs
13 m il s 12 m ils FSl
FP
At 355 mph, Cal lAS, FSl is parallel 10 fP
Flight Angle: LEVE L FLIGH T

Cal
ap IWI.~9500 Lbs.1
lAS 1 "g" 2 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
150 +1J4 +296
200 +63 + 155 +246 150 +30 +89 + 147 +206
300 +13 +53 + 94 + 134
350 +1
+32 +61 +91
400
6 +18 +40 +63
450
10 +8
+ 26 +44
Flight Angle: 300 DIVE OR CLIMB

Cal
ap l Wl. ~9500 L bs.l
lAS I "g" 2 "g" 3 "g" 4 "g"
150 + 111 +2 52 200 + 51 + 130 +210 +288
150 +23 +73 +124 +115
300 +7
+41 +77 +113
350
2 +24 +50 +76
400
9 +12 +31 + 51
450
13 +3
+ 19 +34
ap=1'1i1 angle be~wee n t;he fu selage level ing lugs and t.he flight; pat.h. This
data is derived from t.he best; available angle of a t;tack charts, but; is not;
guaranteed . The boresight target.s and p. angles arc based on this angle
of t.he at;tack chart;,
p. = 1fil angle bet;ween the sight; line and t;he projectiles at; any range out; t.o
2000 feet. When the mil angle is minus t.he projectiles are above the sight
line ; when plus t;hey arc below. This mil anJ:!:le acl;s al o n~ t;he vert;ical axis
or the sight. The mil angle p. is only a.pplicable when the aircraft; is
harmonized as shown in the above borosight and fire-in targets,
P-SlD Airplane
RESTRICTED
Flight Angle: 30" DIVE OR CLIMB

All.
0'
7000'
15000'
30000'
Ca l
lAS
150
300
350
400
450
200
250
300
350
400
200
150
300
350
400
150
200
250
300
350
Mil Angle "p."
TAS
150
300
350
400
450
122
276
331
386
440
251
313
373
434
493
242
320
398
471
543
I "g"
+0.2
- 1.4
-2.5
- 3.7
-4.9
+2.8
+0.5
-1.1
-2.5
-3.7
+ 3.6
+ 1.0
-1.0
-2.4
-3.7
+ 10.4
+5.2
+2.0
- 0.4
-2.1
2 "g"
+ 6.2
+ 3.5
+ 1.6
+0.2
- 1.3
+ 11.4
+ 7.1
+4.1
+2.0
+0.4
+ 13.1
+8.3
+4.9
+2.6
+0.7
+26.7
+ 16.9
+10.9
+6.7
+ 3.8
3 "g"
+ 11.3
+8.4
+5.8
+3.5
+1.8
+10.0
+13.7
+9.5
+6.6
+4.0
+22.9
+ 15.7
+10.8
+ 7.6
+4.7
4"g"
+ 18.4
+ 13.5
+9.9
+ 7.0
+ 4.7
+28.4
+ 20.4
+ 14.9
+ 11.1
+7.9
+32.0
+ 23.1
+ 16.9
+12.5
+9.0
+18.8
+20.0
+ 13.8
+9.7
+ 39.1
+29.0
+21.1
+ 15.6
37
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
Section J
SI(TION J
MISCELLANEOUS HARMONIZAIION CHARIS
SIGHT PARALLEL TO THRUST LINE (AIRPLANE & SIGHT LINE LEVel).
SIGHT DEPRESSED (NOSE UP
ANGLE OF ATTACK) SO AS
TO PARAllEL FLIGHT PATH.
"X"=INCHES=MIL ANGLE OF
ATIACK (NOSE UP).
NOTES
1-
N=:-
"<-<
1000
1500
M
-~
YDS.
ci
N~~
YDS.
...;
YDS.
3000
:;
YDS.
2. CAL. 0.50 AND 75 MM TRAJECTORIES

ARE HARMONIZED TO BE SIMILAR UP TO 1500
YARDS.
CAl. 0.50
'N
."
1. CAL. 0.50 HARMONIZED TO MAXIMUM

RANGE OF 1500 YARDS; 75 MM TO 6000
YARDS.
3500 _
YDS.
-0
3. WHEN FIRING 75 MM AT RANGES 6000- .

1500 YARDS USE SIGHT SETIINGS SHOWN.
+
~
4. WHEN FIRING 75 MM AND/OR CAL. 0.50

AT RANGES 1500-750 YARDS, USE SIGHT
SETIING SHOWN.
12.9"
19.0"
ci
a,
0:
'N
'"
'"
C OF AIRCRAFT
4000
YDS.
6. HARMONIZATION CORRETED FOR RESULTANT BORE ACTION.
0:
-0
4500
YDS.
5000
YDS.
+,
5. WHEN FIRING 75 MM AND/OR CAL.

0.50 AT RANGES 750-0 YARDS, USE 750
YARD SIGHT SETIING.
14.5"
7. PRESENT RANGE DATA USED.
SIGHT PIP SETTING
-I
8. 75 MM; GUN M-4; M-48 H.E. PROJECTILE; M.V. = 1950 /SEC.

9. CAL. 0.50; A.P. M-2; M.V. =2700'/SEC.
GUN LOCATION AT AIRCRAFT

5500 _
600<2_
YDS.
YDS.
Vert. from
Sight
Horiz . from
Plane
75mm
31.19"
17.5"
Cal. 0 .50
Upper
27.19"
19.0"
Cal. 0.50
Lower
31.2"
12.88"
1000 INCH BORESIGHT TARGET FOR A-26B AIRPLANE

I.A.S.=250 M.P.H. AlTITUDE=O TO 3000 FT .
ARMAMENT: 1-75 MM & 2-CAL. 0.50 GUNS
38
RESTRICTED
Section J
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
SIGHT PARALLEL TO THRUST LINE (AIRPLANE & SIGHT LINE LEVEL).

SIGHT DEPRESSED (NOSE
UP ANGLE OF ATTACK) SO
AS TO PARALLEL FLIGHT
PATH.
,
~
"X"=INCHES=MIL ANGLE OF ATTACK

(NOSE UP).
~1
750 ~YDS:.:...---+-_--1
1000 +YDS.
YDS.
YDS.
2500
YDS.
"
~.00
NOTES
1. 37 MM HARMONIZED TO MAXIMUM
RANGE OF 2500 YARDS. 75 MM TO 6000
YARDS.
'in
2. THE 75 MM & 37 MM TRAJECTORIES

ARE HARMONIZED TO BE SIMILAR UP TO 2500
YARDS.
'"
'b
,
-.i
M
"'"
75 MM
37 MM
YDS.
3000
II")
3500
YDS.
'Co
14.25"
0:
N II")
17.5"
14.5"
0:
-0
4000
YDS.
'DS" r
-I
.F
5000
YDS.
4. WHEN FIRING 75 MM AND/OR 37 MM

AT RANGES 2500-750 YARDS USE SIGHT
SETTINGS SHOWN.
5. WHEN FIRING 75 MM AND/OR 37 MM
AT RANGES 750-0 YARDS USE 750 YARD
SIGHT SETTING.
IC,YRCRAFT
4500
3. WHEN FIRING 75 MM FOR RANGE 6000

TO 2500 YARDS, USE SIGHT SETTINGS
SHOWN.
SIGHT PIP SETTINGS
I
I
6. HARMONIZATION CORRECTED FOR RESULTANT BORE ACTION.

8. 75 MM GUN M 4; M 48 H.E. PROJECTILE; M.V. = 1950' /SEC.
9. 37 MM GUN M 9-SHELL M 56 FUSE M 54;
M.V. = 2550' /SEC.
5500
6000
YDS.
YDS.

Vert. from
Sight
Horiz. from
Plane C
75 mm
31.19"
17.5"
37 mm
32.7"
14.25"

I.A.S.=250 M.P.H. ALTITUDE=O TO 3000 FT.
ARMAMENT: 1-75 MM AND 1-37 MM
RESTRICTED
39
Section J
RESTRICTED
AAF MANUAL 200-1
SIGHT DEPRESSED
(NOSE UP ANGLE
OF ATTACK) SO
AS TO PARAllEL
FLIGHT PATH.
"",SIGHT PARALLEL THRUST LINE (AIRPLANE AND SIGHT LINE LEVEL).
"0-,-
i
l
>
I
750_~S. +
l - - -~ -to
1000
YDS.
...:
_--,-15~00 _ ~S. ~
"X"=INCHES=MIL ANGLE OF ATTACK

(NOSE UP)
_---=.20.:...:;00 ~S.
1. CAL. 0.50 HARMONIZED TO MAXIMUM

RANGE OF 1500 YARDS. 37 MM TO 2500 YARDS.
SIGHT PIP SETTING

;
14.5"
NOTES
I
1
2. CAL. 0.50 AND 37 MM TRAJECTORIES ARE

HARMONIZED TO BE SIMILAR UP TO 1500 YARDS.
CAL. 0.50
_---2::.::5:.;::00 ~S.
3. WHEN FIRING 37 MM FOR RANGES 25001500 YARDS, USE SIGHT SETTINGS SHOWN.
AT RANGES 1500 TO 7 50 YARDS USE SIGHT
SETTINGS SHOWN.
~3~
I

AT RANGES 750-0 YARDS USE 750 YARD SIGHT
SETTINGS.
I
I
8.3"
I 14.25"
6. HARMONIZATION CORRECTED FOR RESULTANT BORE ACTION.
1 140 "
20.0"
26.3"
8. 37 MM; GUN M-9; SHELL M-56; FUSE M-54;

M.V. = 2550' /SEC.
9. CAL. 0.50; A.P.M.-2; M.V. = 2700' /SEC.
C OF AIRCRAFT.

Vert . from
Sight
Horiz. from
Plane C
37 mm
32.7"
14.25"
Cal. 0.50
Upper
27.19"
26.25".
14.0"
Cal. 0.50
Lower
31.2"
20.0"
8.25"

I.A.S.=250 M.P.H. AlTITUDE=O TO 3000 FT.
ARMAMENT: 1-37 MM & 4-CAL. 0.50 GUNS
40
RESTRICTED

Manual For Fighter Gun Harmonization

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Manual For Fighter Gun Harmonization

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RESTRICTED

AAF MANUAL 200-1

HEADQUARTERS, ARMY AIR FORCES

THE OTTERBEIN PRFSS

J. . . .......... . ..... . Miscellaneous Harmonization Charts

2. The phase "angle of attack" (ap) referred to herein

3. The boresight targets shown are for 1000 inches and

~. The ballistic characteristics of caliber 0.50 M2 and

arrive at a practical arrangement of fixed guns on

monization" does not make the most efficient use of

ing Ground, but interpolation is necessary in some cases

speeds, loading conditions, and "g's" should be found

b. Since the guns on the fighter aircraft are fixed in

a. When a fixed gun is so set as to make an angle

a. When harmonization is figured, the projectile

b. When the firing ait craft is in a dive and the wing

c. No matter what the attitude of the firing aircraft,

a. Basic harmoniz~tion is figured for altitude, air

stitute the average condition at which combat firing

1. Select a level strip of grourld and place a boresight

8. In using the 500-foot target the same procedure as

of attack or the mil angle between the fuselage

Effective bore line

between the effective bore line and the fixed

= Distance in inches between projectile and

C = Vertical distance in inches, at aircraft, between sight and

Fixed sight line

For N o.1 gun:

Find location of fixed sight line:

D = C + B +(A ) : C = 44.7"; B = 20.0";

(This is the mil angle the effective bore line of No. 1

Fixed sight line

Effective bare line,

For No.2 gun:

Line parallel 10 fuselage leveling lugs

For No.3 gun:

C = 43.5"; B = 20.0"; A = +12.0" ;

d. Find the fixed bore line in relation to the flight

age = 12.0 + 5.1

agf = 17.1 + 3.5 = 20.6 mils

+ 4.2 = 16.2 mils

agf = 16.2 + 3.3 = 19.5 mils

Fixed bore line, No. 3 gun

547.067(22.0) -37 '1 (N 3

18.3 mils (No.3 gun)

agf = 18.3 + 3.7 . 22.0 mils

x = 54.0"; 43.5 - 54.0

c. Horizontal Dimensions-WOO-inch Target.

- VIl (agf) _ 366.67 (37.7) - 45 '1

Effective bore line

Continue the same method for

for all conditions.

6 . FIGURING THE BORESIGHT TARGETS:

agf = 6.6 + 1.3 = 7.9 mils

87.1 - 7.9 = 79.2" - 1000-inch target

44.7 - 45.6 = -0.9" (Vertical distance, at 500-foot

x = 39.0; 44.0 - 39.0

agf = 6.6 + 1.3

d. Horizontal Harmonization- SOO-foot Target:

Effective bore line

(Horizontal distance, at 500-foot target, from center of

TOP LINE: VERTICAL DEFLECTION IN INCHES

Altitude True Cal. Ind.

Figures in parentheses are from graphic tabulations

0.50 CALI BER

TOP LINE: VERTICAL DEFLECTION IN INCHES