Viscometry and types of non-

Newtonian fows
Handout 4
CHEE 3363
Spring 2013
Reading: Fox 2.4, 2.6
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Learning objectives for lecture
1. Calculate the fuid viscosity in typical rheometric geometries.
2. Defne a power-law fuid.
3. Distinguish the two types of fows in which the viscosity is
time-dependent.
4. Defne a viscoelastic fuid and a Bingham plastic.
5. Estimate whether a fow is viscid or inviscid from fow
parameters.
6. State the criteria for laminar and turbulent fows.
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Example 5: concentric circular viscometer
Given: A concentric cylinder viscometer contains an inner cylinder of
diameter D = 75 mm and height h = 150 mm in an outer cylinder (clearance
gap width d = 0.02 mm). A torque = 0.021 N-m is required to turn the inner
cylinder at a rotation rate = 100 rpm.
Find: Viscosity of fuid in the gap of the viscometer.
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Example 6: parallel disk rheometer
Given: A pair of parallel circular disks of radius R are separated by a gap of
height h flled with a fuid of viscosity . The upper disk rotates at a
frequency .
Find: Torque required to turn the disk.
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Newtonian fuids
(cue: YouTube video of water)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAKunM_v2ms
Defnition of a Newtonian fuid:
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Non-Newtonian fuids
Power-law model:
Bingham plastic:
Pseudoplastic:
Dilatant:
Time-dependent apparent viscosity:
Thixotropic:
Rheopectic:
Viscoelastic:
General defnition of a non-Newtonian fuid:
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Stress versus strain comparison plot
Dilatant fuid: cornstarch / oobleck
University of Chicago (Terry Bigioni, Eric Corwin, Matthias Mobius)
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Viscoelastic fuid
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_jFzoYadJ8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX6GxoiCneY
(cue: falling viscoelastic drops)
(cue: viscoelastic effects)
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Re > 1
Re < 1
Viscous versus inviscid fows
Defnition of the Reynolds number:
inertial
viscous
low Re movies
microfuidics bacterial motility
Physical meaning:
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Transition from laminar to turbulent
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nl75BGg9qdA
laminar:
turbulent:
(cue: laminar and turbulent movie)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wNmtle6qkE
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Criteria for different fow regimes: