Solvable Navier-Stokes

geometries
CHEE 3363
Spring 2014
Handout 16

Reading: Fox 5.25.4

1
Learning objectives for lecture
1. Calculate the fow profle for simple geometries using the
Navier-Stokes equations.
2. Calculate the shear stress and fow rate from fow profles.
2
Flow down an inclined plane 1
Flow of a fuid down a plane inclined at an angle
; fully developed laminar flm of thickness h
x
y
h
Assumptions:
1.
2.
3.
Continuity:

u
x
+
v
y
+
w
z
= 0
3
Flow down an inclined plane 2
Momentum: x-component

u
t
+u
u
x
+v
u
y
+w
u
z

= g
x

p
x
+

2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
+

2
u
z
2

4
Momentum: y-component

v
t
+u
v
x
+v
v
y
+w
v
z

= g
y

p
y
+

2
v
x
2
+

2
v
y
2
+

2
v
z
2

Momentum: z-component

w
t
+u
w
x
+v
w
y
+w
w
z

= g
z

p
z
+

2
w
x
2
+

2
w
y
2
+

2
w
z
2

Flow down an inclined plane 3

After all cancellations, left with a series of equations:
By assumption,
5
Flow down an inclined plane 4
Integrate:
Boundary conditions:
Solution:
u = g
sin

hy
y
2
2

6
Flow down an inclined plane 5
7
Shear stress:
Flow rate:

yx
=
du
dy
= g sin (h y)
Q =

A
udA =

h
0
ub dy =

h
0
g sin

hy
y
2
2

b dy
=
g sin b

h
3
3
Flow in a Couette geometry 1
Assumptions:
1.
2.
3.
z

r
R
1
R
2
Laminar viscometric fow of liquid in annular gap
between concentric cylinders; outer cylinder rotates
at constant speed
Continuity:
g
8
1
r
(rv
r
)
r
+
1
r
(v

+
(v
z
)
z
+

t
= 0
Flow in a Couette geometry 2
Momentum: r-component
Momentum: -component
9

t
+v
r
v

r
+
v

r
v

v
r
r
+v
z
v

= g

1
r
p

1
r

r
(rv

+
1
r
2

2
v

2
+
2
r
2
v

2
v

z
2

v
r
t
+v
r
v
r
r
+
v

r
v
r

v
2

r
+v
z
v
r
z

= g
r

p
r
+

1
r

r
(rv
r
)

+
1
r
2

2
v
r

2

2
r
2
v

2
v
r
z
2

Flow in a Couette geometry 3

Momentum: z-component
Stress (from book - put in notes!):
10

v
z
t
+v
r
v
z
r
+
v

r
v
z

+v
z
v
z
z

r
=

r

r

+
1
r
v
r

= g
z

p
z
+

1
r

r
v
z
r

+
1
r
2

2
v
z

2
+

2
v
z
z
2

Flow in a Couette geometry 4

11
After all cancellations, left with a series of equations:
By assumption,
Flow in a Couette geometry 5
Integrate:
Integrate:
Boundary conditions:
12
Flow in a Couette geometry 6
13
Solve for c
1
, c
2
(exercise in algebra):
Calculate the shear stress distribution:
Flow in a Couette geometry 7
14
Compare to the approximate solution for a planar gap:

planar
=
v
y
=
R
2
R
2
R
1
=

1
R
1
R
2
Shear stress at the inner cylinder (r = R
1
):