am tit v hienj tng ngn iu - Presentation Transcript

1. 2. m tit v hin tng ngn iu M TIT 1. Khi nim - m tit l n v pht m nh nht ca li ni, mang nhng s kin ngn iu nh thanh iu, trng m. V vy ngi ta cn gi n l iu v. - Tu theo cc quan nim khc nhau m m tit c nh ngha theo nhiu hc thuyt khc nhau - Theo chc nng - Theo hc thuyt v vang - Theo hc thuyt v cng c (theo quan im sinh l hc) Cc hc thuyt khi nh ngha m tit Cc hc Chc nng vang cng c thuyt m tit l 1 khc on m m tit l n v m tit tng ng thanh c cu to bi 1 gm cc m tp vi s lun phin ht nhn, l nguyn m hp xung quanh cng ln trng cng vi nhng m khc mt m c xung ca c tht bao quanh n gi l ph vang ln nht. ca b my pht m. m. Ni dung Vd: m tit chut c to thnh bi nguyn m u v ph m ch, t Phn loi m tit m tit m Tn cng l [l] nguyn m m tit na m Tn cng l bn [li] nguyn m m tit khp Tn cng l ph [lt] m m tit na Tn cng l ph [ln] khp m vang Ranh gii m tit Ranh gii m tit l im m cng t ti mc thp nht v sau bt u tng ln cu to m tit tip theo. o N c ng t i e S s t r Cc hin tng ngn iu Thanh iu Gm 3 phn: Trng m Ng iu Khi nim: - L s thay i cao ca ging ni, tc l tn sThanh iu m c b!n trong mt m tit c tc dng khu bit cc t" c ngha khc nhau. - C Phn loi: C 2 loi hnh thanh iu - Thanhtc dng khu bit ngha ca t". iu m vc - Thanh iu hnh tuyn l loi trong cc thanh phn bit nhau b#ng cc mcThanh iu m vc Vd: tingtrn thang bc cao , c th miu t! n gi!n nh nhng im. Ch : Thanh iu m vc khng c s bin i cao Yoruba c ni Nigria t" u n cui qu trnh pht m, s phn bit gia chng ch$ n thun l mc cao thp khc nhau. L loi thanh iu phn bit nhau b#ng s di chuynThanh iu hnh tuyn cao t" thp ln cao ho%c t" cao xung thp, khng c miu t! n gi!n nh n VD: thanh iu ting Vit, tinghng im m b#ng nhng ng cong ln xung. hn, ting Thi Khi nim: Trng m l mt bin php m thanh lm n iTrng m (stress) bt mt n v ngn ng hc ln hn m t (m tit, t", ng on ho%c cu) VD: Prsent vphn bit vi nhng n v ngn ng hc khc cng cp . presnt ? m tit c trng m c pht ra mnh 3 nhn t chnh to nn trng m hn cc m tit khc. Ngi ta gi l trng m lc ( hay trng m cng ). m tit c trng m c pht ra di hn cc m tit phi trng m khc. Ngi m tit c trng m c pht ra cao hn ho%cta gi l trng m lng. thp hn cc m tit phi trng m khc. Ngi ta gi o l trng m nhc tnh. Ch : Ba nhn t to nn trng m v"a nu trn c th ng thi phi hp cng nhau, iu c ngha l m tit mang trng m v"a c pht m di hn, mnh hn v cao hn cc m tit phi trng m khc. Tu theo t"ng ngn ng m mt trong nhng nhn t ni trn c u tin s dng. Khi nim: Ng iu l s bin i cao ca gingNg iu (intonation) ni di&n ra trong mt chu'i m thanh ln hn m tit hay mt t". Ng iu l mt loi m iu %c th, s bin chuyn ca ting thanh y khng c nhng kho!ng c nh m lun lun c th ni l trt . Chnh v vy n khc vi mt bi Ng iu thng (ln ging cui cu): Cc loi ng ng iu c b!n: ht. Ng iu ging ( m iu i t nghi ng thng c dng trong cu nghi vn Ng iu xung): di&n t! trng thi c!m xc, thng dng trong cu c!m thn. kt hp thng-ging: thng dng trong cu trn thut Cc hin tng bin i ng m Hin tng bin i ng m Nhc ha Nut m Ni m ng ha D ha nh ngha: L hin tng bin i m t m titHin tng nhc ha VD: 1. Dogs eat bones 5. The kids like the candy 2.lm m tit yu i Bobby needs some money 6. The girl have a choice 3. Ben writes article 7. The boy needs some help 4. Jerry make music 8. Carol paints the car L hin tng nhc ha n mc khng pht ra m t ho%cHin tng mt m m tit trong t", cu VD: - b: clim(b), com(b), plum(b) er, thum(b) - e: ev(e)ry, ev(e)ning, diff(e)rent, sev(e)ral, int(e)resting, veg(e)table, lit(e)rature, temp(e)rature, p(e)rhaps - Did you know he played with a (k)nife which could damage his (k)nuckles or his (k)nees? L s kt hp hai m t hai m tit trong cu. DogsHin tng ni m eat bone Find out Keys open the locks L hin tng khi mt m t tip nhn mt hay mt sHin tng ng ha %c trng cu m ca m t bn cnh. T" c nt tng ng fhay ging nhau hon ton. Thng thng ngi ta ni n s !nh hng ca cc m t cng loi VD: ?nh nguyn m vi nguyn m, ph m vi ph m L hin tng ng m xut hin gia nhng m cng loiHin tng d ha nhng cn c trn khuynh hng i lp vi ng ha. Gia hai m t ging nhau (ton b hay b phn) ng cnh nhau th mt bin i tr thnh khc nhau nhiu hn. VD (p (p m (p Hai mt Hai mt Nh nh Nh nh

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