My Geologist Notebook

Teacher Guide

Rocks: The Solid Earth Materials Part 1

Discovery Education: Rocks: The Solid Earth Materials #1 (20:00)

Key Vocabulary: Classify Rock Mineral Metamorphic Sediment Layers Heat Pressure Igneous Sedimentary Saltwater Freshwater Oceans Seas Rivers Streams Lakes and ponds Glaciers Models Diagrams Maps Volcanoes Mountains Valleys Canyons Caverns Islands Weathering Erosion Deposition Landslide Volcanic eruptions Floods Earthquakes

Rocks: The Solid Earth Materials Part 1

scientist 1. A Geologist is a ___________________________ who studies the earth ___________________________ and the materials that make up the earths crust. solid 2. Rocks are the non-living ___________________________ material that make up
our earth.

Minerals 3. The stuff that rocks are made of is called ___________________________. minerals 4. Minerals are the ingredients that make up a rock. 5. Geologists can identify different rocks by studying their properties. You can

observing determine a rocks properties by ___________________________ it. Hardness 6. ___________________________ is one of the properties geologists use to
identify rocks and minerals.

7. The properties of rocks and minerals tell us what type of

___________________________ we are looking at and how they were formed. mineral

8. Most rocks and minerals are found

___________________________. underground

Layers of the Earth

9. If we could cut into the earth, we would see that the

three earth is made up of ___________________________ layers.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

crust The outer layer is called the ___________________________ and covers the entire planet
The crust is made of solid rock and can be many miles ___________________________ thick. The layer just below the crust is called the mantle.

hot The mantle is very ___________________________.

The mantle is so hot that pretty much anything you think of would melt in an instant! The center part of the earth is called the core.

two The core has ___________________________ parts 1. The liquid outside part 2. A solid inside part
In some places inside the Earth its so hot that rocks actually melt ___________________________.

17.

Magma
18. 19.

magma Melted rocks are called ___________________________.

Magma that is pushed through cracks and crevices and that makes it all the way to the earths surface erupts out of volcanoes.

20.

Magma that flows out of volcanoes is called lava ___________________________.

Igneous Rock
21. 22. 23.
When lava cools it becomes Basalt or Scoria. Basalt or Scoria is a rock that is full of air _________________ pockets. Any rock formed from melted rock or magma is called igneous ___________________________. Igneous means made from fire

24.

Sediment
25. 26.
Sand and mud are tiny pieces of rock known as sediment ___________________________. When tiny pieces of rock (like sand and mud) are swept by creeks and

settles rivers into lakes and oceans, the sediment ___________________________ to the on top bottom, then more sediment settles ___________________________ of it making
layers.

Sedimentary Rock
27.
When the layers are pressed together over a long period of time, the weight of more layers of sediment hardens into another type of rock known as ___________________________. Sedimentary rock

Metamorphic
28.
A third type of rock can be formed when either a

sedimentary igneous ___________________________ rock or an ___________________________ rock is

forced back down deep underground. There, it may be squeezed very hard by other rocks and heated to super high temperatures. When that happens the

metamorphic new type of rock that is formed is known as ___________________________

rock.

Weathering
29. 30.
Even something as simple as ___________________________ can change a rock. rain

weather ___________________________ can break down a rock in many ways

Streams or rivers can wear down almost any rock after many years.

31.

In the mountains, water may get into a crack in a rock and then freeze.

Whenever this happens, the frozen water or ice makes the crack a little bigger. The rock finally breaks into pieces and is carried away by the water.

erosion This is called ___________________________.

32. 33.

minerals ___________________________ are the ingredients that make up rocks. made from fire Igneous means- ____________________________________________

34. 35. 36.

So we know that igneous rocks were made from magma ___________________________ or melted rock. Sedimentary rock is made from layers of tiny rock pieces _________________________________.

weathering ___________________________ causes rocks to become different sizes.

Wind, rain, streams from melted snow, glaciers, and even ice in small cracks can break big rocks into smaller rocks.