FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage

Contents
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Introduction
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Solution
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
What does Indoor Coverage Cover ?
Public building
Special Area
Resident Area
CBD
Hotel
Mall/Supermarket
Exhibition Center
Airport/
Railway Station
High-rise Apartment
MDU
Middle-rise Apartment
Community
Stadium
Metro Campus
The Importance of FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage
In LTE, the major service is data, to
fulfill the coverage, capacity and
quality requirements of which
multiple and flexible coverage
strategy has to be adopted . In
addition, the preferable location to
use data service is mainly indoor
coverage area.
The primary service provided by 2G
is voice, whose strategy is wide
coverage to resolve the issue on
both coverage and capacity.
Coverage
Capacity
Coverage
Factor of Indoor Coverage
Construction condition
Conditions of cable layout
and reconstruction
Conditions of electricity
Conditions of beautiful
outlook and concealment
Quality of indoor signal
Interference of the environment
Users experience
Ability of upgrade
Reconstruction of the network
Ability of smooth upgrade
Cost of construction and
maintenance
Complexity and
maintenance
Low power consumption
Heterogeneous network: Mixed Macro, Pico, Femto, and DAS.
Dense Urban Scenario 1
Macro BS solution satisfy high
capacity requirement
Sub urban/Rural Scenario
solution fit for unbalanced
large scale coverage
Indoor Scenario
Pico BS enhance the
coverage in each floor
Dense Urban Scenario 2
Outdoor Pico BS for hot-spot
and weak signal area
Requirements for FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage
Meet requirements of high speed data service
Scalable and upgradeable
Low cost & Low power consumption
Small size, portable, easy installation
Unified O&M system, easy maintenance

Contents
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Introduction
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Solution
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
Traditional Solution of Indoor Coverage
Outdoor penetration coverage
Macro eNodeB
Signal source + Distributed antenna system
Passive distributed system
Active distributed system
Fiber distributed system
Repeater
Radio repeater
Fiber repeater

Macro cell is mainly for coverage and commercial showcase of LTE deployment.
The real actual traffic and capacity will be provided with smaller cells for high dense area.
Outdoor Penetration Coverage
The macro eNodeBs signal to penetrate wall
High penetration loss exists, the quality can
not be guaranteed
According to 3G construction experience, macro
cell penetration coverage is not a good mobile
broadband solution for indoor coverage.
Micro eNodeB set closer to the coverage
target
Ability to guarantee the indoor coverage
It will be existing high deployment cost as
well as a hard way to get build out resources.
Micro eNodeB penetration coverage Macro eNodeB penetration coverage
< 10 floors
or 30m
65
o
~ 90 m

Micro eNodeB
RF
Splitter
RF Cable
Antenna Antenna
Antenna Antenna
Trunk Amplifier
RF
Splitter
Coupler
Signal
Source
Signal
Source
RF
Splitter
RF
Splitter
RF Cable
Antenna Antenna
Antenna Antenna
Coupler
Signal Source + Distributed Antenna System
High reliability, heavy workload, much
restriction from building
Difficulty with MIMO support and hard work
to deploy the system
Should think about support multi-RAT.
Passive distributed system Active distributed system
Trunk amplifier helps to enlarge coverage,
but it increases workload
High system complexity
The cascade number generally is no more
than 3.
Micro eNB and RRU Indoor Coverage Solution
High power source + Distributed system
Suitable for medium or small scale building
Depending on the IDS, not flexible for coverage expansion
Micro RRU + Indoor Distributed System Micro eNodeB System + IDS
Micro
eNB
Micro
RRU
Micro
RRU
Micro
RRU
BBU
Pico eNB Networking
Pico eNB
Antenna
Switch router
Switcher
Switcher
Antenna
Pico eNB networking: Enhance indoor
coverage in each floor
Pico
Pico RRU Networking
Pico RRU can be deployed directly with no need of distributed system for its small output
power, which can improve the capacity and quality of indoor coverage obviously.
New Building
Coverage
Sharing Macro
eNodeBs Capacity
Hot spots & blind
spots supplement
P-Bridge
Pico RRU
Antenna
Macro eNodeB
Pico RRU
Antenna
BBU
P-Bridge
Pico RRU
Antenna
Macro eNodeB
Penetration
coverage
Distributed Antenna System
RRU
Antenna
BBU
DAS can improve the capacity and quality of indoor coverage obviously
Reuse Solution of Existing DAS
Make the best of existing DAS
MIMO not supported
2G BTS 3G NodeB
Combiner
BDA
Coupler
Coupler
BDA
Coupler
Divider
Divider
Divider
Divider
Antenna
LTE BBU
LTE RRU
LTERRU
Indoor MIMO may bring data throughput
improvement.
Need to extend existing one antenna
system to two at the similar position
One RRU Port connects to combiner to use
existing DAS system
Another port connects to a new Distribute
antenna system
MIMO channel 2 MIMO channel 1
LTE RRU
Antenna
LTE BBU
combiner
MIMO Supported
3G NodeB
Femto eNodeB
Femto
Switch router
Femto eNB : Be suitable for family users
Femto eNodeB Network Architecture
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW
S1
EPC
E-
UTRAN
EPS
No X2 interface support between femto eNodeBs
Femto eNB gateway serves as concentrator on C- plane for many femto eNBs
Femto eNB gateways are transparent and optional
eNodeB
X2
eNodeB
Femto
eNodeB
S1
Femto eNB GW
Femto
eNodeB
Femto
eNodeB
Femto
eNodeB
Various of Indoor Coverage Solution
LTE Indoor
Coverage Solution
Application Scenario
Outdoor eNode B
penetration coverage
Low capacity, small scale buildings, the requirements of
coverage and traffic are low
Traditional
Distributed System
Medium capacity, Medium storey building and coverage area,
allowed the RF cable construction, the office building, shopping
mall where need to co-existing indoor coverage system
Repeater
Low capacity, less than 3 floor building, small coverage,
isolated tunnel, villa, bar, etc.
Micro
Medium or small scale building where need to co-work with
existing indoor coverage system
Pico/Business Femto
High capacity, high storey building and coverage area,
business center, shopping mall, business residence building
and gymnasium where have large traffic but can not construct
RF cable or indoor distributed system
Femto Home access, FMC multi service convergence
Diverse Indoor Coverage Solutions
+
Micro eNB + IDS
IDS
Micro eNB
Capacity
Coverage
Low
Middle
High
Small
Middle Large
Femto eNB
Home Access Solution
+
GW (optional)
+
Pico RRU
+
P Bridge
BBU + Pico RRU
BBU
Pico eNB
Pico eNB
+
Antennas (optional)
Contents
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Introduction
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Solution
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
Indoor Coverage parameter
Per antenna cover 50m
Cell edge SINR: 5dB (support
16QAM, can reach
5Mbps within 10 Resource blocks)
Bandwidth: 20MHz
eNB antenna gain: 2dB
UE antenna gain: 0dB
Penetration loss between walls:
8dB
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
RS RE signal strength
RS Noise figure: -174 + 10log(15kHz) + 9 = -123.2dBm
Cell edge SINR: 5dB
RS RE signal strength: -123.2 + 5dB = -118.2dBm /
15KHz
Indoor Path-loss calculation
Path-loss model: L = 20log(f) + 30 log(d) - 28dB
F = 2600MHz; d = 50m
L = 91dB
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
eNodeB Antenna port transmitter power
RS RE signal strength: -118.2dBm/15KHz
Path-loss: 91dB
Penetration loss: 8dB
eNodeB Antenna gain: 2dB
Receiver-diversity gain: 3dB
Fading margin: 6dB
RS RE transmitter power: -18.2dbm /15KHz
Antenna port transmitter power: = -18.2 + 10log(1200) =
13dBm/20MHz
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
Conclusion:
Per antenna port transmitter power is about 13dBm.
It can ensure good coverage and better performance in
indoor environment.

Contents
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Introduction
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Solution
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
Antenna configuration for supporting MIMO
In order to support MIMO, two distributed antenna
system must be supported.
Another new distributed antenna system can be
connected to combiner with existing antenna system.

FDD-LTE Indoor antenna configuration
Indoor antenna configuration
In order to support MIMO, lower channel correlation is
required.
Lower channel correlation is mainly determined by
antenna configuration.

FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
Indoor antenna channel correlation
Indoor environment produces rich multi-path;
UE can receive various signals from antenna, wall reflection;
The antennas with 0.5m to 1.5m lambda distance in BS is enough
to produce low channel correlation.

FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
Indoor antenna configuration numbers
More distributed antennas help to produce more multi-
path and lead to lower channel correlation.
For users located in cell-edge, more distributed
antennas help to increase SINR.

1.5m
Big Room
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
Indoor antenna configuration numbers
Scenario: Big room etc
Obvious LOS environment
No reflector around UE
Antenna distance 1.5m to ensure lower
correlation

0.5m
Passage
Indoor Channel Correlation Testing
Indoor antenna configuration
numbers
Scenario: Passage etc
A Los path between BS and UE;
A few reflectors around UE;
Antenna distance 0.5m to ensure lower
correlation.

Indoor Channel Correlation Testing
Conclusion
Normally, Lower channel correlation in indoor environment helps to use
MIMO due to rich multi-path.
For Big room environment, 1.5m BS antenna distance ensure lower
channel correlation.
For passage environment, 0.5m BS antenna distance ensure lower
channel correlation.
Antenna distance 0.5m to ensure lower correlation.