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(12)1, 3

Which one of the following does not contain either an unpaired s electron or an unpaired p
electron?
A. Cr
B. Ge
C. S
-

D. Sc
(12)1, 4
The graph shows the first thirteen ionisation energies for element X.

What can be deduced about element X from the graph?
A. It is a d-block element.
B. It is in Group II of the Periodic Table.
C. It is in Group III of the Periodic Table.
D. It is in the second period (Li to Ne) of the Periodic Table.
(11)1, 2
Why is the first ionisation energy of neon higher than that of fluorine?
A. Fluorine is more electronegative than neon.
B. Neon has a complete octet, but fluorine does not.
C. The atomic radius of fluorine is less than that of neon.
D. The nuclear charge in neon is greater than that of fluorine.

(11)1, 3
Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
Sodium percarbonate, (Na
2
CO
3
)
x
.y(H
2
O
2
), is an oxidising agent in some home and laundry
cleaning products.
10.0cm
3
of 0.100moldm
-3
sodium percarbonate releases 48.0cm
3
of carbon dioxide at room
conditions on acidification.
An identical sample, on titration with 0.0500moldm
-3
KMnO
4
, requires 24.0cm
3
before the
first pink colour appears. KMnO
4
reacts with H
2
O
2
in the mole ratio 2:5.
What is the ratio

?
A.


B.


C.


D.


(11)1, 18
The enthalpy change of fusion of a solid is defined as the amount of energy, in J or kJ,
required to melt one mole of a solid at its melting point.
The table shows the enthalpy changes of fusion of four successive elements, W to Z, in the
third period (sodium to argon) of the Periodic Table.
element W X Y Z
Enthalpy change
of fusion
/kJmol
-1

10.8 46.4 0.6 1.4

Which sequence of elements is represented by W to Z?
W X Y Z
A Al Si P S
B Na Mg Al Si
C P S Cl Ar
D Si P S Cl


(11)1, 31
Which statements about relative molecular mass are correct?
1. It is the sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms within the molecule.
2. It is the ratio of the average mass of a molecule to the mass of a
12
C atom.
3. It is the ratio of the mass of 1mol of molecules to the mass of 1mol of
1
H atoms.
(11)1, 35
What factors explain why a solution of aluminium chloride is acidic?
1. Chloride ions react with water to form hydrochloric acid.
2. Aluminium ions have a large charge/surface area ratio.
3. The H-O bonds are weaker in [Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
than in H
2
O.
(10)1, 1
The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Which element in the diagram has the largest atomic radius?
A. Br
B. K
C. Kr
D. Sc
(10)1, 2
Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
Burning sodium reacts with carbon dioxide to produce sodium carbonate and carbon only.


If all the 1.1 x 10
7
dm
3
carbon dioxide, measured at standard temperature and pressure,
produced by each person in a year, could be reacted with sodium, what would be the mass in
grams of sodium carbonate produced?
A. 3.2 x 10
7

B. 3.5 x 10
7

C. 7.3 x 10
7

D. 7.8 x 10
7

(10)1, 3
The radioactive isotope

was said to be the agent that poisoned the former Russian


security agent Alexander Litvinenko in London in November 2006.

decays to give an element X and emits a high energy -particle (which is a helium
nucleus,

). No other particle is produced. -Particles causes irreparable damage to the


tissues of internal organs.


Which row in the table correctly describes the nuclear make-up of

and element X?

X
Number of
neutrons
Number of
protons
Number of
neutrons
A 126 80 122
B 126 82 124
C 210 80 206
D 210 82 208

(10)1, 4
The gecko, a small lizard, can climb up a smooth glass window. The gecko has millions of
microscopic hairs on its toes and each hair has thousands of pads at its tip. The result is that
the molecules in the pads are extremely close to the glass surface on which the gecko is
climbing.
What is the attraction between the geckos toe pads and the glass surface?
A. Co-ordinate bonds
B. Covalent bonds
C. Ionic bonds
D. Van der Waals forces
(10)1, 5
What value of the bond angles in the PH
3
molecule would be the Valence Shell Electron Pair
Repulsion theory predict?
A. 104
B. 107
C. 109
D. 120

(10)1, 6
Which diagram best represents the structure of solid magnesium oxide?

(10)1, 14
Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
Natural water in reservoirs often contains very finely divided solid particles of between 1 and
100nm in diameter which have negative charges on their surface.
One stage in purifying the water consists of adding salt solutions containing high charge-
density cations which neutralise the negative charges and cause the solid particles to join
together and settle out.
Which compound, in aqueous solution, would be the most effective in precipitating finely
divided solid particles?
A. MgCl
2

B. AlCl
3

C. FeCl
3

D. SiCl
4


(10)1, 15
Phosphorus is an element in the third period, Na to Ar, of the Periodic Table.
What is true for phosphorus and none of the other elements in this period?
A. Phosphorus has the highest melting point of the elements in this period.
B. Phosphorus is the only element in this period which forms two acidic oxides.
C. Phosphorus is the only element in this period with exactly four atoms in its molecule.
D. Phosphorus is the only element in this period whose chlorides react with water to
form acidic solutions.
(10)1, 16
Which compound is not a product of the reaction between an oxide of a third period element
and water?
A. NaOH
B. H
2
SiO
3

C. H
3
PO
4

D. H
2
SO
4

(10)1, 32
A simplified structure of a molecule of chlorophyll is shown.

The magnesium atom is situated in the centre of a planar arrangement of nitrogen atoms.
What does this structure suggest about the nature of the bonding around the magnesium atom?
1. Dative covalency
2. bonding
3. sp
3
hybridisation

(10)3, 4
a) Describe what is meant by the term nucleon number. [1]
b) State two ways in which the behaviour of electrons in an electric field differs from
that of protons. [1]
c) [6]
i. Draw dot-and-cross diagrams to show the bonding in the molecules of NO
2

and O
3
.
Each molecule contains a dative covalent bond.
In the NO
2
molecule the central atom is nitrogen.
In each case you should distinguish carefully between electrons originating
from the central atom and those from the two outermost atoms.
Include all lone pairs in your diagrams.

ii. Suggest a value for the bond angle in each of the above two molecules, giving
reasons for your choice.

iii. The compound FO
2
does not exist, but ClO
2
does.
By considering the possible types of bonding in the two compounds, suggest
reasons for this difference. (Assume that the halogen atom occupies a central
position in each of these molecules.)
d) [3]
i. Describe how you could carry out the reaction between calcium and oxygen,
and state what you would observe during this reaction.

ii. The pH values of the solutions formed when the oxides of Group II are
separately shaken with water increase from magnesium to barium.
Explain why this is the case.

e) When ozone, O
3
, is passed over dry powdered BaO at -10C, barium ozonide, Ba(O
3
)
2
,
is formed as a red-brown solid.
Adding water to the solid and warming to room temperature causes a reaction to occur.
Oxygen gas is produced and an alkaline solution is left.
Suggest a balanced equation for the reaction between barium ozonide and water. [1]


f) Ozone is usually made by passing oxygen gas through a tube between two highly
charged electrical plates.



The reaction does not go to completion, so a mixture of the two gases results.
The concentration of O
3
in the mixture can be determined by its reaction with aqueous
KI.



The iodine formed can be estimated by its reaction with sodium thiosulfate.




When 500cm
3
of an oxygen/ozone gaseous mixture at s.t.p. was passed into an excess
of aqueous KI, and the iodine titrated, 15.0cm
3
of 0.100moldm
-3
Na
2
S
2
O
3
was
required to discharge the iodine colour. [3]

i. Calculate the amount in moles of iodine produced.
ii. Hence calculate the percentage of O
3
in the gaseous mixture.

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