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Grade 8 Bilingual Math

Fractions
Jackie.Zhou
Yantai Yew Wah International School
junzhou013@gmail.com
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Overview
1
Denition
2
Multiplication and division
3
Fraction equation
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Question
(1) The distance between two places A and B is 390 km. If you drive a
car with velocity v km/h, it will take you h.
(2) The size of each interior angle of a regular polygon with n edges is
degree.
Denition (Fraction)
An integral expression A is divided by another integral expression B,
denoted by
A
B
. If there are variables in B, then
A
B
is a fraction. A is the
numerator of the fraction, B is the denominator. For an arbitrary fraction,
the denominator can not be zero.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Fractions 3 / 10
Example
(1) When a=1,2, give the value of the faction
a+1
2a
respectively.
(2) Get the value of a when the fraction
a+1
2a
has meaning.
Sol :
(1) when a=1,
a+1
2a
=
1+1
21
= 1
when a=2,
a+1
2a
=
2+1
22
=
3
4
(2) The fraction has no meaning only when the denominator equals to
zero, i.e., only when 2a=0 which gives a=0.
Thus the fraction has meaning for all the real number expect zero.
Exercise
Get the value of x for which the following fraction has no meaning.
(1)
x
2x3
(2)
x1
5x+10
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Fractions 4 / 10
Properties
For a fraction, the value of the fraction keeps the same if the denominator
and numerator are multiplied or divided by a non-zero integral expression.
Example
Simplify the following fractions
(1)
ax
bx
(2)
a
2
bc
ab
(3)
5xy
20x
2
y
(4)
1x
2
x
2
2x+1
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Fractions 5 / 10
Multiplication and Division
Laws of multiplication and division
o The product of two fractions is also a fraction, whose denominator
and numerator are the product of denominators and numerators
respectively.
o To do the division of two fractions, we switch the denominator and
numerator of the divisor, then we do multiplication.
Example
(1)
6a
8y

2y
2
3a
2
(2)
ab
2
4c
(
2c
3a
2
b
)
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Fractions 6 / 10
Addition and Subtraction
Addition and substraction
n For fractions with the same denominator: denominator keeps the
same ,do addition or subtraction for the numerators.
n For fractions with dierent denominators: reduction of fractions to a
common denominator, the do case 1.
Exercise
(1)
b+c
a
+
bc
a
(2)
x
2
x2

4
x2
(3)
m
2
mn
+
n
2
nm
(4)
3
a
+
a15
5a
(5)
ab
a
2
b
a+b
ab62
+
a
2
+b
2
a
2
b
2
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Fractional equation
Denition (Fractional equation)
An equation is called fractional equation if there are variables in
denominators in the equation.
Example (Indicate fractional equations)
(1)
2
x1
=
1
x+2
(2)
x+1
2
= x
(3)
2x1
3x+1
= 4
(4)
x
5
=
x+1
4
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Fractions 8 / 10
Example (Solve fractional equation)
(1)
1
x2
=
3
x
(2)
480
x
2 =
600
x45
Sol :
(1) times x(x 2) on both sides, we can get
x = 3(x 2)
by solving the above equation, we can get x = 3.
check : substitute x = 3 into the original equation, we have
left = 1 = right
which means x = 3 is the solution for the equation.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Fractions 9 / 10
Steps of solving fractional equation
m times an appropriate integral expression(simplest common
denominator) on both sides to reduce the denominator
m solve the integral equation
m substitute the solution to the original equation to check
Why need the last step?
Solve the equation
2x
x1
=
x+1
x1
.
We will get the solution x = 1. However x = 1 makes the equation
meaningless.
In this situation, we call x = 1 as extraneous root for the original equation.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Fractions 10 / 10

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