Maui

Maui
For other uses, see Maui (disambiguation).

Maui

Nickname: The Valley Isle

Landsat satellite image of Maui. The small island to the southwest is Kahoolawe.

Geography
[1]

Location

2048N 15620W

Area

727.2sqmi (1,883km2)

Area rank

2nd largest Hawaiian Island

Highestelevation

10,023 ft. (3,055 m)

Highestpoint

Haleakal
Country
United States
Symbols

Flower

Lokelani

Color

kala (pink)
Demographics

Population

144,444 (as of 2010)

Density

162/sq. mi. (62/km2)

Maui

The island of Maui (/ma.i/; Hawaiian: [muwi]) is the

second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727.2 square miles
(1,883km2) and is the 17th largest island in the United States.
Maui is part of the State of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui
County's four islands, bigger than Molokai, Lnai, and
unpopulated Kahoolawe. In 2010, Maui had a population of
144,444, third-highest of the Hawaiian Islands, behind that of
Oahu and Hawaii Island. Kahului is the largest
census-designated place (CDP) on the island with a
[2]
population of 26,337 as of 2010 and is the commercial and
Maui as seen from the International Space Station
financial hub of the island. Wailuku is the seat of Maui
County and is the third-largest CDP as of 2010. Other
significant places include Khei (including Wailea and Makena in the Kihei Town CDP, which is the
second-most-populated CDP in Maui); Lahaina (including Kanapali and Kapalua in the Lahaina Town CDP);
Makawao; Pia; Kula; Haik; and Hna.

Name
Native Hawaiian tradition gives the origin of the island's name in the legend of Hawaiiloa, the Polynesian navigator
credited with discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. According to that legend, Hawaiiloa named the island of Maui after
his son, who in turn was named for the demigod Mui. The earlier name of Maui was Ihikapalaumaewa. The Island
of Maui is also called the "Valley Isle" for the large isthmus between its northwestern and southeastern volcanoes
and the numerous large valleys carved into both mountains.

Geology and topography

Maui's diverse landscapes are the result of a unique combination of geology, topography, and climate. Each volcanic
cone in the chain of the Hawaiian Islands is built of dark, iron-rich/quartz-poor rocks, which poured out of thousands
of vents as highly fluid lava, over a period of millions of years. Several of the volcanoes were close enough to each
other that lava flows on their flanks overlapped one another, merging into a single island. Maui is such a "volcanic
doublet," formed from two shield volcanoes that overlapped one another to form an isthmus between them.
The older, western volcano has been eroded considerably and is cut by
numerous drainages, forming the peaks of the West Maui Mountains
(in Hawaiian, Mauna Kahalawai). Puu Kukui is the highest of the
peaks at 5,788 feet (1,764m). The larger, younger volcano to the east,
Haleakal, rises to more than 10,000 feet (3,000m) above sea level,
and measures 5 miles (8.0km) from seafloor to summit, making it one
of the world's tallest mountains.
The eastern flanks of both volcanoes are cut by deeply incised valleys
and steep-sided ravines that run downslope to the rocky, windswept
Looking into the Haleakal crater
shoreline. The valley-like Isthmus of Maui that separates the two
volcanic masses was formed by sandy erosional deposits.
Maui's last eruption (originating in Haleakal's Southwest Rift Zone) occurred around 1790; two of the resulting lava
flows are located (1) at Cape Knau between hihi Bay and La Perouse Bay on the southwest

Maui

3
shore of East Maui, and (2) at Makaluapuna Point on Honokahua Bay
on the northwest shore of West Maui. Although considered to be
dormant by volcanologists, Haleakal is certainly capable of further
eruptions.

A beach in Maui, Hawaii

Maui is part of a much larger unit, Maui Nui, that includes the islands
of Lnai, Kahoolawe, Molokai, and the now submerged Penguin
Bank. During periods of reduced sea level, including as recently as
20,000 years ago, they are joined together as a single island due to the
shallowness of the channels between them.

Climate
Main article: Climate of Hawaii
The climate of the Hawaiian Islands is characterized by a two-season
year, mild and uniform temperatures everywhere (except at high
elevations), marked geographic differences in rainfall, high relative
humidity, extensive cloud formations (except on the driest coasts and
at high elevations), and dominant trade-wind flow (especially at
elevations below a few thousand feet). Maui itself has a wide range of
climatic conditions and weather patterns that are influenced by several
different factors in the physical environment:
Half of Maui is situated within 5 miles (8.0km) of the island's
coastline. This, and the extreme insularity of the Hawaiian Islands
account for the strong marine influence on Maui's climate.
Gross weather patterns are typically determined by elevation and
orientation towards the Trade winds (prevailing air flow comes
from the northeast).
Maui's rugged, irregular topography produces marked variations in
Rainbow over the West Maui Mountains after
conditions. Air swept inland on the Trade winds is shunted one way
rainfall in Kanapali
or another by the mountains, valleys, and vast open slopes. This
complex three-dimensional flow of air results in striking variations in wind speed, cloud formation, and rainfall.
Maui displays a unique and diverse set of climatic conditions, each of which is specific to a loosely defined
sub-region of the island. These sub-regions are defined by major physiographic features (such as mountains and
valleys) and by location on the windward or leeward side of the island. These sub-regions (and their characteristic
climates) are:
Windward Lowlands Below 2,000 feet (610m) on north- to northeast-sides of an island. Roughly
perpendicular to direction of prevailing trade winds. Moderately rainy; frequent trade wind-induced showers.
Skies are often cloudy to partly cloudy. Air temperatures are more uniform (and mild) than those of other regions.
Leeward Lowlands Daytime temperatures are a little higher and nighttime temperatures are lower than in
windward locations. Dry weather is prevalent, with the exception of sporadic showers that drift over the
mountains to windward and during short-duration storms.
Interior Lowlands Intermediate conditions, often sharing characteristics of other lowland sub-regions.
Occasionally experience intense local afternoon showers from well-developed clouds that formed due to local
daytime heating.

Maui

Leeward Side High-Altitude Mountain Slopes with High Rainfall Extensive cloud cover and rainfall all year
long. Mild temperatures are prevalent, but humidity is higher than any other sub-region.
Leeward Side-Lower Mountain Slopes Rainfall is higher than on the adjacent leeward lowlands, but much
less than at similar altitudes on the windward side; however, maximum rainfall usually occurs leeward of the
crests of lower mountains. Temperatures are higher than on the rainy slopes of the windward sides of mountains;
cloud cover is almost as extensive.
High Mountains Above about 5,000 feet (1,500m) on Haleakal, rainfall decreases rapidly with elevation.
Relative humidity may be ten percent or less. The lowest temperatures in the state are experienced in this region:
air temperatures below freezing are common.
Rainfall
Showers are very common; while some of these are very heavy, the
vast majority are light and brief a sudden sprinkle of rain and it's
over. Even the heaviest rain showers are seldom accompanied by
thunder and lightning. Throughout the lowlands, in summer an
overwhelming dominance of trade winds produces a drier season. At
one extreme, the annual rainfall averages 17 inches (430mm) to 20
inches (510mm) or less in leeward coastal areas, such as the shoreline
from Maalaea Bay to Kaupo, and near the summit of Haleakal. At the
Black sand beach at Wai'anapanapa State Park
other extreme, the annual average rainfall exceeds 300 inches
(7,600mm) along the lower windward slopes of Haleakal, particularly
along the Hna Highway. If the islands of the State of Hawaii did not exist, the average annual rainfall on the same
patch of water would be about 25 inches (640mm). Instead, the actual average is about 70 inches (1,800mm). Thus,
the islands extract from the air that passes over them about 45 inches (1,100mm) of rainfall that otherwise would not
fall. The mountainous topography of Maui and the other islands is responsible for this added water bonus.
Daily variations in rainfall
In the lowlands, throughout the year, rainfall is most likely to occur
during the night or morning hours, and is least likely to occur
mid-afternoon. The most pronounced daily variations in rainfall occur
during the summer because most summer rainfall consists of trade
winds showers that most often occur at night. Winter rainfall in the
lowlands is the result of storm activity, which is as likely to occur in
the daytime as at night. Rainfall variability is far greater during the
winter, when occasional storms contribute appreciably to rainfall
Kahikinui coastline near Kaupo
totals. With such wide swings in rainfall, it is inevitable that there are
occasional droughts, sometimes causing economic losses. The real
drought years are the ones where the winter rains fail, with too few significant rainstorms. Droughts hit hardest in the
normally dry areas that depend on winter storms for their rainfall and receive little rain from the trade wind showers.
The winter of 2011-2012 has had extreme drought on the leeward sides of Moloka'i, Maui, and Island of Hawaii.

Natural history
Maui is a leading whale-watching center in the Hawaiian Islands due to Humpback whales wintering in the sheltered
Auau Channel between the islands of Maui county. The whales migrate approximately 3,500 miles (5,600km)
from Alaskan waters each autumn and spend the winter months mating and birthing in the warm waters off Maui,
with most leaving by the end of April. The whales are typically sighted in pods: small groups of several adults, or
groups of a mother, her calf, and a few suitors. Humpbacks are an endangered species protected by U.S. federal and

Maui

Hawaii state law. There are estimated to be about 10,000 humpbacks in the North Pacific. Although Maui's
Humpback face many dangers, due to pollution, high speed commercial vessels, and military sonar testing, their
numbers have increased rapidly in recent years, estimated at 7% growth per year.
Maui is home to a large rainforest on the northeastern flanks of Haleakal, which serves as the drainage basin for the
rest of the island. The extremely difficult terrain has prevented exploitation of much of the forest.
Agricultural and coastal industrial land use has had an adverse effect on much of Maui's coastal regions. Many of
Maui's extraordinary coral reefs have been damaged by pollution, runoff, and tourism, although finding sea turtles,
dolphins, and Hawai'i's celebrated tropical fish, is still common. Leeward Maui used to boast a vibrant dry 'cloud
forest' as well but this was destroyed by human activities over the last three hundred years.

History
Main article: History of Maui
Polynesians, from Tahiti and the Marquesas, were the original peoples
to populate Maui. The Tahitians introduced the kapu system, a strict
social order that affected all aspects of life and became the core of
Hawaiian culture. Modern Hawaiian history began in the mid-18th
century. King Kamehameha I, king of Hawaii's "Big Island," invaded
Maui in 1790 and fought the inconclusive Battle of Kepaniwai, but
returned to Hawaii to battle a rival, finally subduing Maui a few years
later.
On November 26, 1778, explorer Captain James Cook became the first
European to see Maui. Cook never set foot on the island because he
was unable to find a suitable landing. The first European to visit Maui was the French admiral Jean-Franois de La
Prouse, who landed on the shores of what is now known as La Perouse Bay on May 29, 1786. More Europeans
followed: traders, whalers, loggers (e.g., of sandalwood) and missionaries. The latter began to arrive from New
England in 1823, settling in Lahaina, which at that time was the capital. They clothed the natives, banned them from
dancing hula, and greatly altered the culture. The missionaries taught reading and writing, created the 12-letter
Hawaiian alphabet, started a printing press in Lahaina, and began writing the islands' history, which until then was
transmitted orally. Ironically, the missionaries both altered and preserved the native culture. The religious work
altered the culture while the literacy efforts preserved native history and language. Missionaries started the first
school in Lahaina, which still exists today: Lahainaluna Mission School, which opened in 1831.
The "needle" of ao Valley

At the height of the whaling era (18431860), Lahaina was a major

whaling center with anchorage in Lhain Roads; in one season over
400 ships visited Lahaina with 100 berthed at one time. Ships tended to
stay for weeks rather than days, which explains the drinking and
prostitution in the town at that time, against which the missionaries
vainly battled. Whaling declined steeply at the end of the 19th century
as petroleum replaced whale oil.

Japanese laborers on Maui harvesting sugar cane

in 1885.

Kamehameha's descendants reigned until 1872. They were followed by

rulers from another ancient family of chiefs, including Queen Liliuokalani who ruled in 1893 when the monarchy
was overthrown. One year later, the Republic of Hawaii was founded. The island was annexed by the United States
in 1898 and made a territory in 1900. Hawaii became the 50th U.S. state in 1959.
In 1937, Vibora Luviminda trades union conducted the last labor strike of an ethnic nature in the Hawaiian Islands
against four Maui sugarcane plantations, demanding higher wages and the dismissal of five foremen. Manuel Fagel
and nine other strike leaders were arrested, and charged with kidnapping a worker. Fagel spent four months in jail

Maui

while the strike continued. Eventually, Vibora Luviminda made its point and the workers won a 15% increase in
wages after 85 days on strike, but there was no written contract signed.
Maui was centrally involved in the Pacific Theater of World War II as a staging center, training base, and for rest
and relaxation. At the peak in 1943-44, more than 100,000 soldiers were there. The main base of the 4th Marine
Division was in Haiku. Beaches (e.g., in Khei) were used to practice landings and train in marine demolition and
sabotage.

Modern development
The island experienced rapid population growth through 2007, when
Khei was one of the most rapidly growing towns in the United States
(see chart, below). The island attracted many retirees and many others
came to provide services to them and to the rapidly increasing number
of tourists. Population growth produced its usual strains, including
traffic congestion, housing affordability, and access to water.
Kahakuloa Head

Historical
population
Census

Pop.

1950

40,103

1960

35,717

10.9%

1970

38,691

8.3%

1980

62,823

62.4%

1990

91,361

45.4%

2000

117,644

28.8%

2010

144,444

22.8%

State of Hawaii

Most recent years have brought droughts and the ao aquifer is being drawn from rates above 18 million U.S.
gallons (68,000 m3) per day, possibly more than the aquifer can sustain. Recent estimates indicate that the total
potential supply of potable water on Maui is around 476 million U.S. gallons (1,800,000 m3) per day, many times
greater than any foreseeable demand.
Sugar cane cultivation once used over 80% of the island's water supply (The Water Development Plan of Maui, 1992
Present?). One pound of refined sugar requires one ton of water to produce.Wikipedia:Citation needed Water for
sugar cultivation comes mostly from the streams of East Maui, routed though a network of tunnels and ditches hand
dug by Chinese labor in the 19th century. In 2006, the town of Paia successfully petitioned the County against
mixing in treated water from wells known to be contaminated with both EDB and DBCP from former pineapple
cultivation in the area (Environment Hawaii, 1996). Agricultural companies have been released from all future
liability for these chemicals (County of Maui, 1999). In 2009, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs and others successfully
argued in court that sugar companies should reduce the amount of water they take from four streams.[3]
In 1974, Emil Tedeschi of the Napa Valley winegrower family of Calistoga, California, established the first and only
Hawaiian commercial winery, the Tedeschi Winery at Ulupalakua Ranch.

Maui

In the 2000s, controversies over whether to continue rapid real-estate development, so-called "vacation rentals" in
which homeowners rent their homes to visitors, and Hawaii Superferry preoccupied local residents. In 2003, Corey
Ryder of the Earth Foundation presented regarding the unique situation on Maui in "Hazard mitigation, safety &
security", before the Maui County Council.[4] In 2009, the county approved a 1,000 unit development in South Maui
in the teeth of the financial crisis. Vacation rentals are now strictly limited, with greater enforcement than previously.
Hawaii Superferry, which offered transport between Maui and Oahu, ceased operations in May 2009, ended by a
court decision that required environmental studies from which Governor Linda Lingle had exempted the operator.

Economy
The two major industries on Maui are agriculture and tourism.
Government research groups and high technology companies have
discovered that Maui has a business environment favorable for growth
in those sectors as well. Agriculture value-added enterprises are
growing rapidly.
Coffee, macadamia nuts, papaya, tropical flowers, sugar and fresh
pineapple are just some of Hawaii's premium exports and are a prime
example of its diversified agriculture. Maui Land & Pineapple
Company and Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company (HC&S, a
Fleming Beach near Kapalua
subsidiary of Alexander and Baldwin Company) dominate agricultural
activity. HC&S produces sugarcane on about 37,000 acres (150km2) of the Maui central valley, the largest
sugarcane operation remaining in Hawaii.
A controversial feature of Maui sugarcane production is the harvesting method of controlled cane field fires for nine
months of the year. Burns reduce the crop to bare canes just before harvesting. The fires produce smoke that towers
above the Maui central valley most early mornings, and ash (locally referred to as "Maui snow") that is carried
downwind (often towards north Khei). In November 2009 Maui Land & Pineapple Company announced it was
ceasing pineapple growing operations on Maui effective January 1, 2010.
The Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC) in Kihei is a U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Center
which is managed by the University of Hawaii. It provides more than 10,000,000 hours of computing time per year
to the research, science, and military communities.
Another promoter of high technology on the island is the Maui Research and Technology Center, also located in
Kihei. The MRTC is a program of the High Technology Development Corporation (HTDC), an agency of the State
of Hawaii, whose focus is to facilitate the growth of Hawaii's commercial high technology sector.
Maui is also an important center for advanced astronomical research. The Haleakala Observatory was Hawaii's first
astronomical research and development facility at the Maui Space Surveillance Site (MSSS) electro-optical facility.
"At the 10,023 feet summit of the long dormant volcano Haleakala, operational satellite tracking facilities are
co-located with a research and development facility providing superb data acquisition and communication support.
The high elevation, dry climate, and freedom from light pollution offer virtually year-round observation of satellites,
missiles, man-made orbital debris, and astronomical objects."
The unemployment rate reached a low of 1.7% in December 2006, rising to 9% in March 2009.

Maui

Sports
Snorkeling
Snorkeling is one of the most popular activities on Maui. There are over 30 beaches and bays to snorkel at around
the island.

Windsurfing
Maui is a well known destination for windsurfing. Kanaha Beach Park is a very well-known windsurfing spot and
may have stand-up paddle boarders or surfers if there are waves and no wind. Windsurfing has evolved on Maui
since the early 1980s when it was recognized as an ideal location to test equipment and publicize the sport.

Surfing
One of the most popular sports in Hawaii. Ho'okipa is one of Maui's most famous surfing and windsurfing spots.
Other famous or frequently surfed areas include Slaughterhouse Beach, Honolua Bay, Pe'ahi (Jaws), and Fleming
Beach.

Kiteboarding and kitesurfing

One of the newest sports on Maui is Kiteboarding/Surfing. Kanaha Beach Park is where beginner, intermediate and
advanced Kiters gather. It is known as Kite Beach. Kiters share the water with Windsurfers who have dominated the
area since the early 1980s. Since 2008 there has been an explosion in the number of Kiters mostly due to advances in
equipment and safety.

Tourism
See also: Tourism in Hawaii
The big tourist spots in Maui include the Hna Highway, Haleakal National Park, and Lahaina.
The Hna Highway runs along the east coast of Maui, curving around mountains and passing by black sand beaches
and waterfalls. Haleakal National Park is home to Haleakal, a dormant volcano. Lahaina is one of the main
attractions on the island with an entire street of shops and restaurants which leads to a wharf where many set out for
a sunset cruise or whale watching journey. Snorkeling can be done at almost any beach along the Maui coast. Surfing
and windsurfing are also popular on Maui.
The main tourist areas are West Maui (Kanapali, Lahaina, Npili-Honokwai, Kahana, Napili, Kapalua) and South
Maui (Khei, Wailea-Mkena). The main port of call for cruise ships is located in Kahului. A smaller port can be
found in Maalaea Harbor located between Lahaina and Kihei.
Maui County welcomed 2,207,826 tourists in 2004 rising to 2,639,929 in 2007 with total tourist expenditures north
of US$3.5 billion for the Island of Maui alone. While the island of Oahu is most popular with Japanese tourists, the
Island of Maui appeals to visitors mostly from the U.S. mainland and Canada: in 2005, there were 2,003,492
domestic arrivals on the island, compared to 260,184 international arrivals.
While winning many travel industry awards as Best Island In The World in recent years concerns have been raised
by locals and environmentalists about the overdevelopment of Maui. A number of activist groups, including Save
Makena have gone as far as taking the government to court to protect the rights of local citizens.
Throughout 2008 Maui suffered a major loss in tourism compounded by the spring bankruptcies of Aloha Airlines
and ATA Airlines. The pullout in May of the second of three Norwegian Cruise Line ships also hurt. Pacific
Business News reported a $166 million loss in revenue for Maui tourism businesses.

Maui

Sunrise at Haleakal

Transportation
Three airports provide scheduled air service to Maui:
Hana Airport in eastern Maui
Kahului Airport in central Maui
Kapalua Airport in western Maui
The Maui Public Bus Transit System is a county-funded program that provides transportation around the island with
fares costing $2 per boarding.

International Relations
Maui is twinned with:

Funchal, Madeira, Portugal

Notes
[1] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Maui& params=20_48_N_156_20_W_type:isle_scale:500000
[2] Hawaii January 29, 2014 (http:/ / earthobservatory. nasa. gov/ IOTD/ view. php?id=82975)
[3] "Pending ruling restores water to 4 streams on Maui" (http:/ / www. starbulletin. com/ news/
20090412_Pending_ruling_restores_water_to_4_streams_on_Maui. html)
[4] http:/ / www. slideshare. net/ earthfoundation/ earth-foundationcoreyryder

References
Kyselka, Will; Ray E. Lanterman (1980). Maui: How it Came to Be. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
ISBN0-8248-0530-5.

External links
Official site of Maui County (http://www.co.maui.hi.us/)
Maui (http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Hawaii/Maui) at DMOZ
Coordinates: 2048N 15620W (http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Maui&
params=20_48_N_156_20_W_type:isle_scale:500000)

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Wsiegmund, Xnatedawgx, YellowMonkey, Youndbuckerz, Zarius, Zoe, Zoxoz, 508 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Maui Landsat Photo.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Maui_Landsat_Photo.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Balcer, 1 anonymous edits
File:Map of Hawaii highlighting Maui.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Map_of_Hawaii_highlighting_Maui.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: MattWright
File:ISS038-E-032755 lrg.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ISS038-E-032755_lrg.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Fotaun, Sfan00 IMG
File:Haleakala crater.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Haleakala_crater.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Huebi, Look2See1, Mikeo
File:Maui, Hawaii beach.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Maui,_Hawaii_beach.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Jawed
File:Rainbow in Hawaii.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rainbow_in_Hawaii.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Remember at
en.wikipedia
File:Wainapanapa sm.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wainapanapa_sm.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Original uploader was Lee
Daniel Crocker at en.wikipedia
File:KahikinuiCoastlineMaui.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:KahikinuiCoastlineMaui.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Travisthurston
File:Iao Needle MO.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Iao_Needle_MO.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Michael Oswald,
Mikeo
File:'Japanese Laborers on Spreckelsville Plantation', oil on canvas painting by Joseph Dwight Strong, 1885, private collection.jpg Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:'Japanese_Laborers_on_Spreckelsville_Plantation',_oil_on_canvas_painting_by_Joseph_Dwight_Strong,_1885,_private_collection.jpg License:
Public Domain Contributors: Joseph Dwight Strong (1853-1899)
File:KahakuloaHead sml.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:KahakuloaHead_sml.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Avron, EugeneZelenko, Look2See1, Man
vyi, Maui Mike, NVO, Urban
File:Fleming Beach, Maui.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fleming_Beach,_Maui.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
Contributors: User:KasugaHuang
File:Sunrise over Haleakala.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sunrise_over_Haleakala.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Ewen Roberts
File:Magnify-clip.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Magnify-clip.png License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Erasoft24
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (1910; generic
design); Vtor Lus Rodrigues; Antnio Martins-Tuvlkin (2004; this specific vector set: see sources)

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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